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Virtual Reality Intervention for Older Women with Breast Cancer
Open accessAbstract
This study examined the effects of a virtual reality distraction intervention on chemotherapy-related symptom distress levels in 16 women aged 50 and older. A cross-over design was used to answer the following research questions: (1) Is virtual reality an effective distraction intervention for reducing chemotherapy-related symptom distress levels in older women with breast cancer? (2) Does virtual reality have a lasting effect? Chemotherapy treatments are intensive and difficult to endure. One way to cope with chemotherapy-related symptom distress is through the use of distraction. For this study, a head-mounted display (Sony PC Glasstron PLM - S700) was used to display encompassing images and block competing stimuli during chemotherapy infusions. The Symptom Distress Scale (SDS), Revised Piper Fatigue Scale (PFS), and the State Anxiety Inventory (SAI) were used to measure symptom distress. For two matched chemotherapy treatments, one pre-test and two post-test measures were employed. Participants were randomly assigned to receive the VR distraction intervention during one chemotherapy treatment and received no distraction intervention (control condition) during an alternate chemotherapy treatment. Analysis using paired t-tests demonstrated a significant decrease in the SAI (p = 0.10) scores immediately following chemotherapy treatments when participants used VR. No significant changes were found in SDS or PFS values. There was a consistent trend toward improved symptoms on all measures 48 h following completion of chemotherapy. Evaluation of the intervention indicated that women thought the head mounted device was easy to use, they experienced no cybersickness, and 100% would use VR again.
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“Also consistent, it was found to be acceptable and safe to use across several settings including inpatient, outpatient and day care.17–19 65–67”
From SafeSpace: what is the feasibility and acceptability of a codesigned virtual reality intervention, incorporating compassionate mind training, to support people undergoing cancer treatment in a clinical setting? (2022) · cites this paper as [17]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“Research17–19 has highlighted benefits in chemotherapy populations in particular, with reduction of fatigue, anxiety, symptom distress and perception of time.”
From SafeSpace: what is the feasibility and acceptability of a codesigned virtual reality intervention, incorporating compassionate mind training, to support people undergoing cancer treatment in a clinical setting? (2022) · cites this paper as [17]
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“This is consistent with wider literature in which new technologies were also found to be favourable, in their case, regardless of age, background or gender.17 65”
From SafeSpace: what is the feasibility and acceptability of a codesigned virtual reality intervention, incorporating compassionate mind training, to support people undergoing cancer treatment in a clinical setting? (2022) · cites this paper as [17]
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“using heart rate as a physiological surrogate for anxiety and distress.12”
From Impacts of Intrafraction Virtual Reality-Based Environment Modification on Procedural Anxiety, Heart Rate, and Overall Radiation Therapy Experience During External Beam Radiation Therapy (2024) · cites this paper as [12]
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“Owing to its ability to allow the user to immerse and interact with the artificial environment that he/she can visualize, the game-playing experience is very engrossing [14-18,20-22].”
BackgroundIndovina, P., Barone, D., Gallo, L., Chirico, A., De Pietro, G., & Giordano, A. (2018) · The Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0000000000000599 · Cited by 388
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“…distress of chemotherapy infusion Of all the 19 studies reviewed, 8 (Kaneda and Jatsumata, 1999; Schneider and Workman, 1999; Oyama et al., 2000; Schneider et al., 2000,2003, 2004, 2011; Schneider and Hood, 2007) evaluated the efficacy of a VR intervention in order to relieve patients’ symptom…”
BackgroundChirico, A., Maiorano, P., Indovina, P., Milanese, C., Giordano, G. G., Alivernini, F., Iodice, G., Gallo, L., Pietro, G. D., Lucidi, F., et al. (2020) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.29422 · Cited by 260
“Although our study population was larger than that of previous clinical trials on VR intervention during chemotherapy in breast cancer patients (Schneider et al., 2003, 2004), studies involving a greater number of patients are necessary to generalize the observations and also to evaluate possible…”
ResultIoannou, A., Papastavrou, E., Avraamides, M. N., & Charalambous, A. (2020) · SAGE Open Nursing · doi:10.1177/2377960820936163 · Cited by 241
“Of the 23 studies selected for this overview, 4 studies (Cho & Sohng, 2014; Schneider et al., 2003, 2004; Schneider & Hood, 2007) evaluated the efficiency of VR on fatigue.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialA prescription for “nature” – the potential of using virtual nature in therapeutics
White, M. P., Yeo, N. L., Vassiljev, P., Lundstedt, R., Wallergård, M., Albin, M. C., & Lõhmus, M. (2018) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s179038 · Cited by 258
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Virtual Reality as a Distraction Technique in Chronic Pain Patients
Wiederhold, B. K., Gao, K., Sulea, C., & Wiederhold, M. D. (2014) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2014.0207 · Cited by 210
Technological innovations in clinical assessment and psychotherapy
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Berger, A. M., Mitchell, S. A., Jacobsen, P. B., & Pirl, W. F. (2015) · CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians · doi:10.3322/caac.21268 · Cited by 207
Cancer‐Related Fatigue: State of the Science
Mitchell, S. A. (2010) · PM&R · doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2010.03.024 · Cited by 194
Virtual Reality: A Distraction Intervention for Chemotherapy
Schneider, S. M., & Hood, L. E. (2007) · Oncology Nursing Forum · doi:10.1188/07.onf.39-46 · Cited by 189
Effect of virtual reality on time perception in patients receiving chemotherapy
Schneider, S. M., Kisby, C. K., & Flint, E. P. (2011) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-010-0852-7 · Cited by 187
“Acknowledgments Data used in these analyses were from studies funded by the American Cancer Society, the Oncology Nursing Foundation (through an unrestricted grant from Ortho Biotech Products, L.P.), NINR 1 P20 NR07795-01 (PI: E. Clipp), and Duke University Medical Center.”
MethodInfluentialMitchell, S. A., Beck, S. L., Hood, L. E., Moore, K., & Tanner, E. R. (2007) · Clinical journal of oncology nursing · doi:10.1188/07.cjon.99-113 · Cited by 165
“…cant decrease in fatigue was found immediately following a chemotherapy treatment during which the women received a VRI intervention; two days after treatment, a trend toward lower fatigue scores existed, although the differences did not reach statistical signifi cance (Schneider et al., 2003).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialBaños, R., Espinoza, M., García‐Palacios, A., Cervera, J. M., Esquerdo, G., Barrajón, E., & Botella, C. (2012) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-012-1520-x · Cited by 152
“In the case of cancer, VR has been employed mainly to help manage pain and anxiety associated with painful medical procedures [22–25] as well as to handle distress symptoms during chemotherapy [26–30].”
BackgroundMitchell, S. A., Hoffman, A. J., Clark, J. C., DeGennaro, R., Poirier, P., Robinson, C. B., & Weisbrod, B. L. (2014) · Clinical journal of oncology nursing · doi:10.1188/14.cjon.s3.38-58 · Cited by 135
“…et al., 2014); distraction (virtual reality immersion) (Oyama, Kaneda, Katsumata, Akechi, & Ohsuga, 2000; Oyama, Ohsuga, Tatsuno, & Katsumata, 1999; Schneider, Ellis, Coombs, Shonkwiler, & Folsom, 2003; Schneider & Hood, 2007; Schneider, Prince-Paul, Allen, Silverman, & Talaba, 2004); and a…”
Lemieux, J., Goodwin, P. J., Bordeleau, L. J., Lauzier, S., & Théberge, V. (2011) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djq508 · Cited by 115
Addab, S., Hamdy, R. C., Thorstad, K., May, S. L., & Tsimicalis, A. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.16217 · Cited by 118
Sensory environment on health-related outcomes of hospital patients
Drahota, A., Ward, D., MacKenzie, H., Stores, R., Higgins, B., Gal, D., & Dean, T. (2012) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd005315.pub2 · Cited by 123
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Chow, H., Hon, J., Chua, W., & Chuan, A. (2021) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.08.016 · Cited by 98
Ahmad, M. M., Mohammad, E. B., & Anshasi, H. A. (2020) · Pain Management Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2020.04.002 · Cited by 89
Improving Dental Experiences by Using Virtual Reality Distraction: A Simulation Study
Dijkstra, K., Pahl, S., White, M. P., Andrade, J., Qian, C., Bruce, M., May, J., & Moles, D. R. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0091276 · Cited by 87
“[5], [37], or games developed for the purpose of using it as a VR distractor [38], [39].”
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“This finding is in line with results from previous research showing that VR technology can be used as an effective means for altering time perception via Distraction and Altered Visual Feedback strategies, during chemotherapy, during therapy for individuals experiencing induced ischemic pain, and during exercise induc…”
ResultMacArthur, C., Grinberg, A., Harley, D., & Hancock, M. (2021) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3411764.3445701 · Cited by 86
“studies, noting that inclusion ranged from 0% (all men in one study, [60]) to 100% (all women, in two studies [33, 75]).”
BackgroundImpact of Visual Art on Patient Behavior in the Emergency Department Waiting Room
Nanda, U., Chanaud, C. M., Nelson, M., Zhu, X., Bajema, R., & Jansen, B. H. (2012) · Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2011.06.138 · Cited by 76
House, G., Burdea, G., Grampurohit, N., Polistico, K., Roll, D., Damiani, F., Hundal, J., & Demesmin, D. (2016) · British Journal of Pain · doi:10.1177/2049463716664370 · Cited by 75
“12 However, to the authors’ knowledge, until now no clinical studies focused on VR effectiveness in treating breast cancer survivors with post-surgical chronic shoulder and arm pain and depression.”
BackgroundInfluence of Positive Distractions on Children in Two Clinic Waiting Areas
Pati, D., & Nanda, U. (2011) · HERD Health Environments Research & Design Journal · doi:10.1177/193758671100400310 · Cited by 74
Lessons from neuroscience: form follows function, emotions follow form
Nanda, U., Pati, D., Ghamari, H., & Bajema, R. (2013) · Intelligent Buildings International · doi:10.1080/17508975.2013.807767 · Cited by 81
“Breast cancer patients reported reduced anxiety during chemotherapy when exposed to VR intervention displaying underwater scenes (Schneider et al. 2003).”
BackgroundRutkowski, S., Czech, O., Wrzeciono, A., Kiper, P., Szczepańska-Gieracha, J., & Malicka, I. (2021) · Complementary Therapies in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2021.102767 · Cited by 66
Design approaches for promoting beneficial indoor environments in healthcare facilities: a review
Salonen, H., Lahtinen, M., Lappalainen, S. K., Nevala, N., Knibbs, L. D., Morawska, L., & Reijula, K. E. (2013) · Intelligent Buildings International · doi:10.1080/17508975.2013.764839 · Cited by 57
“For those unable to freely enter natural ecosystems (e.g. elderly or infirm people), virtual environments can offer some of the stimuli and benefits that people receive from being outdoors in nature (Schneider et al. 2003, 2004; Depledge, Stone, and Bird 2011).”
BackgroundGeorgescu, R., Fodor, L. A., Dobrean, A., & Cristea, I. A. (2020) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291719001855 · Cited by 53
Bu, X., Ng, P. H. F., Xu, W., Cheng, Q., Chen, P. Q., Cheng, A. S. K., & Liu, X. (2022) · JMIR Serious Games · doi:10.2196/31395 · Cited by 56
“Of the 12 studies, 6 were RCTs [15,16,23,41-43], 2 were quasi-experimental design studies [39,40], 1 was an externally controlled trial [14], and 3 [17,30,44] were pre–posttest study designs with a single arm.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialVirtual Reality as a Tool for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: A Review
Scozzari, S., & Gamberini, L. (2011) · Studies in computational intelligence · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-17824-5_5 · Cited by 52
“One study investigated the effects of VR distraction on chemotherapy-related symptom distress levels in sixteen middle-aged or older women suffering from breast cancer [235].”
BackgroundThe Impact of Simulated Nature on Patient Outcomes
Pati, D., Freier, P., O’Boyle, M. W., Amor, C. M., & Valipoor, S. (2015) · HERD Health Environments Research & Design Journal · doi:10.1177/1937586715595505 · Cited by 50
Undertaking an Art Survey to Compare Patient Versus Student Art Preferences
Nanda, U., Eisen, S. L., & Baladandayuthapani, V. (2008) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0013916507311552 · Cited by 50
The Efficacy of Virtual Reality–Based Interventions in Breast Cancer–Related Symptom Management
Tian, Q., Xu, M., Yu, L., Yang, S., & Zhang, W. (2022) · Cancer Nursing · doi:10.1097/ncc.0000000000001099 · Cited by 50
Virtual Reality for Pain Management in Cancer: A Comprehensive Review
Pittara, M., Matsangidou, M., Stylianides, K., Petkov, N., & Pattichis, C. S. (2020) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2020.3044233 · Cited by 51
“2011 [35] FI No 3 scenes which were reported in a previous study [48]: 1) Oceans discovering, 2) A World of Art, 3) Titanic ship discovering Unspecified HMD”
BackgroundPlaying for a Real Bonus: Videogames to Empower Elderly People
Gamberini, L., Alcañíz, M., Barresi, G., Fabregat, M. E., Prontu, L., & Seraglia, B. (2008) · Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) · Cited by 47
Buche, H., Michel, A., Piccoli, C., & Blanc, N. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.631186 · Cited by 48
Do Preferences for Waterscapes Persist in Inclement Weather and Extend to Sub-aquatic Scenes?
White, M. P., Cracknell, D., Corcoran, A., Jenkinson, G., & Depledge, M. H. (2013) · Landscape Research · doi:10.1080/01426397.2012.759919 · Cited by 46
“In a very different context, Schneider et al. (2003) presented a virtual reality sub-aquatic environment to women undergoing breast cancer treatment.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialHathorn, K., & Nanda, U. (2008) · Cited by 45
Horesh, D., Kohavi, S., Shilony-Nalaboff, L., Rudich, N., Greenman, D., Feuerstein, J. S., & Abbasi, M. R. (2022) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare10112261 · Cited by 44
“Studies of VR in women receiving chemotherapy [15], including older women (50 years+) with breast cancer [16] as well as adults with colon and lung cancer receiving chemotherapy [17] and children ages 10–17 receiving chemotherapy [18], all showed decreases in symptom distress (e.”
BackgroundVirtual Reality as a Promising Tool Supporting Oncological Treatment in Breast Cancer
Zasadzka, E., Pieczyńska, A., Trzmiel, T., & Hojan, K. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18168768 · Cited by 44
“Schneider 2003 [36] N = 16 (IG and CG—crossover design.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialZhang, H., Xu, H., Zhang, Z., & Zhang, Q. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051808 · Cited by 44
Burrai, F., Sguanci, M. E., Petrucci, G., Marinis, M. G. D., & Piredda, M. (2023) · European Journal of Oncology Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.ejon.2023.102340 · Cited by 46
Comparcini, D., Simonetti, V., Galli, F., Saltarella, I., Altamura, C., Tomietto, M., Desaphy, J., & Cicolini, G. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15030985 · Cited by 45
Fabi, A., Fotia, L., Giuseppini, F., Gaeta, A., Falcicchio, C., Giuliani, G., Savarese, A., Taraborelli, E., Rossi, V., Malaguti, P., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.960387 · Cited by 36
Burrai, F., Ortu, S., Marinucci, M., Marinis, M. G. D., & Piredda, M. (2023) · Seminars in Oncology Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.soncn.2023.151470 · Cited by 44
Promotion of Emotional Wellbeing in Oncology Inpatients Using VR
Espinoza, M., Baños, R., García‐Palacios, A., Cervera, J. M., Esquerdo, G., Enrique, B., & Botella, C. (2012) · Studies in health technology and informatics · doi:10.3233/978-1-61499-121-2-53 · Cited by 38
Mitchell, S. A., & Berger, A. M. (2006) · The Cancer Journal · doi:10.1097/00130404-200609000-00007 · Cited by 39
The future of Cybertherapy: Improved options with advanced technologies
Wiederhold, B. K., & Wiederhold, M. D. (2004) · Studies in health technology and informatics · doi:10.3233/978-1-60750-943-1-263 · Cited by 36
“A study performed by Schneider & Workman [21] used VR exposure to reduce anxiety in children during their chemotherapy procedure, with eighty-two percent of the participants indicating that chemotherapy completed during VR was not as distressing as previous treatments without VR. Self-report…”
Yazdipour, A. B., Saeedi, S., Bostan, H., Masoorian, H., Sajjadi, H., & Ghazisaeedi, M. (2023) · BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making · doi:10.1186/s12911-023-02108-4 · Cited by 38
“Table 4 Outcomes of VR intervention in included studies Outcome category Outcomes subcategories Effect Positive No effect Negative Mental aspects Reducing chemotherapy-related symptom distress levels [33, 34, 37] [35] Reducing fatigue [7, 33, 34] Reducing anxiety [7, 19, 20, 33, 34] No cybersickness [19, 30, 31, 33, 3…”
BackgroundMethodO'Gara, G., Murray, L., Georgopoulou, S., Anstiss, T., Macquarrie, A., Wheatstone, P., Bellman, B., Gilbert, P., Steed, A., & Wiseman, T. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047626 · Cited by 38
Use of virtual reality in oncology: From the state of the art to an integrative model
Buche, H., Michel, A., & Blanc, N. (2022) · Frontiers in Virtual Reality · doi:10.3389/frvir.2022.894162 · Cited by 36
“, 1999; Schneider and Workman, 1999), promoting a decrease in anxiety, an improvement in mood as well as an underestimation of care time (Schneider and Workman, 1999; Schneider et al., 2003), (Schneider et al.”
BackgroundJanssen, A. L., Fletcher, J., Keep, M., Ahmadpour, N., Rouf, A. S., Marthick, M., & Booth, R. (2021) · JMIR Serious Games · doi:10.2196/29579 · Cited by 34
“There is some research to suggest that VR may be a cost-effective distraction technique for patients undergoing chemotherapy infusion [16], and that VR may help manage the adverse effects of chemotherapy infusion in older women with breast cancer [24].”
Ioannou, A., Paikousis, L., Papastavrou, E., Avraamides, M. N., Astras, G., & Charalambous, A. (2022) · European Journal of Oncology Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.ejon.2022.102188 · Cited by 36
Pediatric Art Preferences: Countering the “One-Size-Fits-All” Approach
Nanda, U., Chanaud, C. M., Brawn, L., Hart, R., & Hathorn, K. (2009) · HERD Health Environments Research & Design Journal · doi:10.1177/193758670900200403 · Cited by 33
Uslu, A., & Arslan, S. (2023) · Seminars in Oncology Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.soncn.2023.151503 · Cited by 32
Dijkstra, K., Pahl, S., White, M. P., Andrade, J., May, J., Stone, R. J., Bruce, M., Mills, I. J., Auvray, M., Gabe, R., et al. (2014) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-15-90 · Cited by 29
“Previous VR research looked at forests [27], a botanical garden [31] and snowy canyons [32,33] as well as a variety of video games [28,29,34].”
BackgroundAn evaluation of a computer‐imaging program to prepare women for chemotherapy‐related alopecia
McGarvey, E. L., Leon‐Verdin, M., Baum, L. D., Bloomfield, K., Brenin, D. R., Koopman, C., Acton, S. T., Clark, B., & Parker, B. E. (2009) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.1637 · Cited by 25
“While another study of older women with breast cancer using virtual reality distraction reported lower anxiety levels than controls [57].”
BackgroundVirtual Reality and Stress Management: A Systematic Review
Meshkat, S., Edalatkhah, M., Luciano, C. D., Martin, J., Kaur, G., Lee, G. H., Park, H., Torres, A., Mazalek, A., Kapralos, B., et al. (2024) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.64573 · Cited by 34
“Schneider et al. explored the efficacy of VR distraction intervention in alleviating chemotherapy-related symptom distress among older women with breast cancer, finding a significant reduction in anxiety scores immediately after treatment with VR [39].”
BackgroundInteractive gaming reduces experimental pain with or without a head mounted display
Gordon, N. S., Merchant, J. S., Zanbaka, C., Hodges, L. F., & Goolkasian, P. A. (2011) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2011.06.006 · Cited by 24
Leggiero, N., Armstrong, T. S., Gilbert, M. R., & King, A. L. (2020) · Neuro-Oncology Practice · doi:10.1093/nop/npaa012 · Cited by 22
Evidence-based art in the hospital
Fudickar, A., Konetzka, D., Nielsen, S. M. L., & Hathorn, K. (2021) · Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift · doi:10.1007/s10354-021-00861-7 · Cited by 22
McGhee, W. R. G., Doherty, C. J., Graham‐Wisener, L., Fallis, R., Stone, C., Axiaq, A., & Dempster, M. (2023) · BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care · doi:10.1136/spcare-2023-004502 · Cited by 23
“A total of four studies investigated game-based immersive VR as a non-pharmacological distraction intervention for distress and to improve adjustment in people with cancer 39–41 and people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) 42 undergoing medical treatments.”
BackgroundPhelan, I., Furness, P. J., Matsangidou, M., Carrion-Plaza, A., Dunn, H. D., Dimitri, P., & Lindley, S. A. (2021) · Virtual Reality · doi:10.1007/s10055-021-00522-5 · Cited by 21
Application of virtual reality for supportive care in cancer patients: a systematic review
Fereidoni, M., Toni, E., Toni, E., & Ayatollahi, H. (2024) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-024-08763-1 · Cited by 22
“This happens by introducing distractions [51, 53, 63, 64] and entertainment during the procedure [57].”
InfluentialPreferences for Photographic Art Among Hospitalized Patients With Cancer
Hanson, H., Schroeter, K., Hanson, A. C., Asmus, K., & Grossman, A. (2013) · Oncology nursing forum · doi:10.1188/13.onf.e337-e345 · Cited by 20
“Being present in nature and viewing photographs of nature is associated with positive health outcomes (Cimprich, 1993; Diette et al., 2003; Lembo et al., 1998; Miller et al., 1992; Schneider et al., 2003; Schneider & Hood, 2007).”
Sansoni, M., Malighetti, C., & Riva, G. (2022) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-15553-6_30 · Cited by 18
A Survey: Virtual Reality Model for Medical Diagnosis
Pareek, T. G., Mehta, U., Geraldine Bessie Amali, D., & Gupta, A. (2018) · Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal · doi:10.13005/bpj/1588 · Cited by 19
du Plessis, J., & Jordaan, J. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24831 · Cited by 21
“VR aids in reducing neuropathic pain associated with spinal cord injuries [33] and holds significant potential in managing psychological symptoms [31,32,36].”
BackgroundDy, M., Olazo, K., Lisker, S., Brown, E., Saha, A., Weinberg, J., & Sarkar, U. (2023) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/40044 · Cited by 17
“…past 2 decades, VR has been tested and used in a variety of health care settings, including medical education or training, physical rehabilitation, pain management and distraction from procedure-related symptoms (eg, anxiety and distress), and treatment of psychiatric disorders (eg, phobias) [2-9].”
Zamani, Z., & Harper, E. C. (2019) · HERD Health Environments Research & Design Journal · doi:10.1177/1937586719826055 · Cited by 17
“In line with prior literature (Corsano, Majorano, Vignola, Guidotti, & Izzi, 2015; Schneider et al., 2003), participants mentioned that multiple monitors in RC facilitated “the passing of time” and provided a “positive distraction.”
García, A. T., Serra, C. M., Huguet, M. A., Gardó, L. G., Esteve, A. A., & Ramos‐Quiroga, J. A. (2023) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-023-10440-2 · Cited by 16
“Results from four independent meta-analyses concluded that such VR interventions lead to a significant decrease in symptoms related to anxiety and depression (Opriş et al., 2012; Parsons & Rizzo, 2008; Powers & Emmelkamp, 2008; Schneider et al., 2003).”
Benefits of Nature Imagery and Visual Art in Healthcare Contexts: A View from Empirical Aesthetics
Cardillo, E. R., & Chatterjee, A. K. (2025) · Buildings · doi:10.3390/buildings15071027 · Cited by 15
“Immersion in virtual nature environments can decrease anxiety during chemotherapy treatment [79], make the treatment duration feel shorter [80], and reduce the pain and increase the tolerability of burn wound treatment [81].”
Matsangidou, M., Kassianos, A. P., Papaioannou, D., Solomou, T., Krini, M., Karekla, M., & Pattichis, C. S. (2022) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/3491101.3503562 · Cited by 13
“and reported promising results [53] [57] [58] [59].”
ResultSharma, A., Sharma, N., & Chahal, A. (2024) · Pain Management Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2024.04.015 · Cited by 15
Development and Usability of a Virtual Reality-Based Filler Injection Training System
Oh, S. M., Kim, J. Y., Han, S. H., Lee, W., Kim, I., Hong, G., Oh, W., Moon, H., & Seo, C. (2020) · Aesthetic Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00266-020-01872-2 · Cited by 13
Art as contextual element in improving hospital patients’ well-being: A scoping review
Timonen, K., & Timonen, T. E. (2021) · Journal of Applied Arts and Health · doi:10.1386/jaah_00067_1 · Cited by 12
Yeşilot, S. B., Çiftçi, H., & Özçelik, Z. (2021) · International Journal of Nursing Practice · doi:10.1111/ijn.12906 · Cited by 14
Lu, M., Song, Y., Niu, Y., Ting, L. I. U., Song, G., Sun, Y., Wang, X., Luo, Y., Kuinan, L. I., & Yang, X. (2024) · Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/jnr.0000000000000623 · Cited by 12
Lewandowski, K., Kaniewska, M. A., Rosołowski, M., Kucha, P., & Rydzewska, G. M. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10122709 · Cited by 11
“In one study, people undergoing chemotherapy rated its duration on average 34 min shorter than it actually was [13].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialMatamala-Gomez, M., Donegan, T., & Świdrak, J. (2023) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2022_402 · Cited by 8
Güler, S., Şahan, S., & Öztürk, S. (2024) · Pain Management Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2024.05.009 · Cited by 9
Video Games for Positive Aging: Playfully Engaging Older Adults
Godfrey, S. B., & Barresi, G. (2022) · Studies in computational intelligence · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-8488-3_18 · Cited by 9
King, A. L., Roche, K. N., Leeper, H. E., Vera, E. M., Mendoza, T. R., Mentges, K., Acquaye, A., Adegbesan, K., Boris, L., Burton, E. M., et al. (2023) · Journal of Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1007/s11060-023-04271-0 · Cited by 9
“…Within oncology, much of the previous literature has focused on VR interventions that aim to reduce symptoms associated with chemotherapy infusions, 28-31 painful procedures such as port or IV placement, 32,33 or targeting distress and other psychological symptoms 27,34 with promising results to…”
BackgroundLa realidad virtual en las intervenciones psicológicas con pacientes oncológicos
Espinoza, M., Baños, R., García‐Palacios, A., & Botella, C. (2013) · Psicooncología · doi:10.5209/rev_psic.2013.v10.n2-3.43447 · Cited by 9
“Otros estudios han investigado la utilidad de las intervenciones basadas en RV durante la aplicación de la quimioterapia para reducir los niveles de ansiedad(24), distrés y fatiga(25).”
BackgroundDíaz-Orueta, U., Alvarado, S., Gutiérrez, D., Climent, G., & Banterla, F. (2012) · Games for Health Journal · doi:10.1089/g4h.2012.0037 · Cited by 8
“…with dental fear, 5,6 cancer-related pain (both pain related to treatment or interventions 7–9 and pain and anxiety related to the cancer itself 1,10,11 ), acute burn injuries, 12,13 and cold pressor pain, 14 (providing the patient with disconnection from the environment, including pain), or an…”
Burrai, F., Matarese, M., Micheluzzi, V., Cadeddu, G., Marinis, M. G. D., & Piredda, M. (2025) · Seminars in Oncology Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.soncn.2025.151813 · Cited by 6
Elkefi, S., Tounsi, A., Boudiche, S., Matthews, A. K., Hernandez, R., & Lourimi, N. (2025) · Future Healthcare Journal · doi:10.1016/j.fhj.2025.100483 · Cited by 6
“28 , 30 , 36 , 38 , 49 , 55 , 63 , 64 , 66–68 a. Pain and symptom tracking and management during the treatment phase Turrado et al developed a tool that teaches patients how to manage their symptoms before colorectal cancer surgery.”
Michel, A., Vidal, J., Brigaud, E., Sokratous, K., & Blanc, N. (2019) · Psycho-Oncologie · doi:10.3166/pson-2019-0087 · Cited by 6
Kanser Hastalarının Ağrı ve Kaygı Yönetiminde Sanal Gerçeklik Teknolojisi Kullanımı
Özdağ, S., & İnkaya, B. V. (2021) · Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi · doi:10.51536/tusbad.901503 · Cited by 5
Khan, M. A., Amin, N. U., Ahmad, I. N., Sajid, M., Jan, I., Khattak, A. M., Khan, J., Alam, M. Z., Wasila, H., & Hayat, S. (2016) · The Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences · doi:10.21162/pakjas/16.2431 · Cited by 6
“A study reported that patients exposed to nature scenes (with or without sounds) feel positive about their ailment and discomforts, reporting less pain and tenderness and display a higher pain tolerance while undergoing painful procedures (Schneider et al., 2003, 2004).”
BackgroundRéalité virtuelle pour la relaxation avant les soins
Fallet, V., Mehlman, C., Canellas, A., & Cadranel, J. L. (2022) · Revue des Maladies Respiratoires Actualités · doi:10.1016/s1877-1203(22)00135-5 · Cited by 5
Cuñado-Pradales, R., Soto‐Ruiz, N., Escalada‐Hernández, P., Martín‐Rodríguez, L. S., & García‐Vivar, C. (2024) · Cancer Nursing · doi:10.1097/ncc.0000000000001401 · Cited by 5
Arthur, T., Robinson, S., Vine, S. J., Asare, L., & Meléndez‐Torres, G. J. (2025) · Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association · doi:10.1093/jamia/ocaf047 · Cited by 4
Metadata
- Authors
- Schneider, S. M., Ellis, M., Coombs, W. T., Shonkwiler, E. L., & Folsom, L. C.
- Affiliations
- Duke University (US)
- ORCID
- Schneider, Susan M.
- Venue
- CyberPsychology & Behavior
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2003-06
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 301-307
- ISSN
- 1094-9313 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-8364
- PMC
- PMC3645300
- OpenAlex
- W2098128542
- Cited by
- 135
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 0.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- CyberPsychology & Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Nursing Research (1 P20 NR07795-01, P20NR007795)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pediatric Pain Management Techniques
- Keywords
- virtual reality, breast cancer, older women, chemotherapy, symptom distress, fatigue, anxiety, head-mounted displays, cybersickness, symptom management
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Aged, Antineoplastic Agents, Breast Neoplasms, Cognition, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Pilot Projects, Surveys and Questionnaires, User-Computer Interface
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