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Hypocholesterolemic Effect of Spirulina in Patients with Hyperlipidemic Nephrotic Syndrome
Abstract
In nephrotic syndrome, large amounts of plasma proteins are lost in urine, causing a decrease in the plasma oncotic pressure. This leads to enhanced hepatic synthesis of albumin and other proteins, including lipoproteins, causing a secondary hyperlipidemia. Essential fatty acids such as gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) can prevent accumulation of cholesterol in the body, and spirulina has an appreciable amount of GLA. In this study 23 patients (age 2 to 13 years) with nephrotic syndrome received either medication (group I) or medication plus 1 g/day Spirulina (group II). Height, weight, and serum levels of fasting blood sugar, triglycerides, total cholesterol (TC), and low- and high-density cholesterol fractions (LDL-C and HDL-C, respectively) were measured before and after the 2-month study period. Mean height and weight were normal compared with healthy, age-matched Indian children. Lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly increased at baseline. TC significantly decreased by 116.33 mg/dl, LDL-C by 94.14 mg/dl, and triglycerides by 67.72 mg/dl in group II; in control group I, these values fell by 69.87, 61.13, and 22.62 mg/dl, respectively. The LDL-C:HDL-C ratio also decreased significantly, by 1.66 in group II and 1.13 in group I. TC:HDL-C decreased by 1.96 in group II and 1.19 in group I. HDL-C:LDL-C also improved significantly in both the groups. It can be concluded that spray-dried Spirulina capsules, rich in antioxidants, GLA, amino acids, and fatty acids, helped reduce the increased levels of lipids in patients with hyperlipidemic nephrotic syndrome.
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“At the end of study period, TC decreased by 116.33 mg/dL vs 69.87 mg/dL in control; LDL by 94.14 mg/dL vs 61 mg/dL in controls and triglycerides by 67.72 mg/dL vs 22.6 mg/dL in controls. LDL-C:HDL-C ratio decreased significantly by 1.66 vs 1.13 (p<0.05) and TC:HDL-C decreased by 1.96 vs 1.19.”
From Effects of spirulina on weight loss and blood lipids: A review (2020) · cites this paper as [37]
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“They are recognized for their protective effects against viral and bacterial infections, cancer, allergy, diabetes, inflammation and hyperlipidemia [26–29].”
From Edible blue-green algae reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting NF-κB pathway in macrophages and splenocytes (2013) · cites this paper as [26]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Samuels, R., Mani, U. V., Iyer, U. M., & Nayak, U. S.
- Affiliations
- Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda (IN)
- Venue
- Journal of Medicinal Food
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2002-06
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 91-96
- ISSN
- 1096-620X (ISSN-L)
- 1557-7600
- OpenAlex
- W1599538912
- Cited by
- 123
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 0.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Medicinal Food (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Renal Diseases and Glomerulopathies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Natural Products and Biological Research
- Keywords
- Spirulina, nephrotic syndrome, hyperlipidemia, secondary hyperlipidemia, gamma-linolenic acid, cholesterol lowering, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, children, dietary supplementation, lipoproteins
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Anticholesteremic Agents, Bacterial Proteins, Body Height, Body Weight, Child, Child, Preschool, Cholesterol, Female, Humans, Hyperlipidemias, Cholesterol, HDL, Cholesterol, LDL, Male, Nephrotic Syndrome, Triglycerides, gamma-Linolenic Acid, Spirulina
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