Sustained Impact of MBSR on Stress, Well-Being, and Daily Spiritual Experiences for 1 Year in Academic Health Care Employees
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the study were (1) to evaluate self-reported stress levels and daily spiritual experiences in academic health care employees before, immediately after, and 1 year after enrolling in a mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) course; and (2) to evaluate the correlation between a potential measure of pulse rate variability and self-reported stress levels. SUBJECTS: Fifty-nine (59) participants in the MBSR course offered to employees at the University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston (UTMB) comprised the intervention group, and 94 health care providers in the neonatal nurseries comprised the control group. INTERVENTION: MBSR is an 8-week course that introduces mindfulness meditation practices. No intervention was offered to the control group. All participants were employees (or relatives of employees) at UTMB. DESIGN: All MBSR participants completed Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale, the SCL-90, the SF-36 Measure of Health and Well-Being, the Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale, and a 5-minute measure of pulse rate coherence. This testing was done before and after the MBSR course and 1 year later. Ninety-four (94) neonatal health care providers completed the same series of questionnaires and pulse rate variability (PRV) measures, with 49 of the 94 completing the questionnaires 2 months and 1 year later. RESULTS: MBSR participants improved on all measures except the physical component score of the SF-36 upon completion of the MBSR course, and these results were maintained at the 1-year follow-up. The control group did not significantly change on any of the measures. PRV as measured by the Heart Math system did not correlate with any of the self-report questionnaires. CONCLUSIONS: MBSR effectively reduces self-report measures of stress and increases daily spiritual experiences in employees in an academic health care setting, and these effects are stable for at least 1 year. Using a simple measure of PRV was not a clinically reliable biologic measure of stress.
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Significant improvements in mental wellbeing were reported at one-year follow-up compared to controls.
“significant improvements of mental wellbeing were also reported at one-year follow-up compared to controls (Geary and Rosenthal 2011).”
From The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on the Psychological Functioning of Healthcare Professionals: a Systematic Review (2021) · cites this paper as Geary and Rosenthal 2011
Four studies reported ethnicity; three had mostly Caucasian participants and one had mostly Chinese participants.
“Four studies detailed ethnicity information of participants, and there was an overrepresentation of Caucasian participants in three studies (Crowder and Sears 2017; Fortney et al. 2013; Geary and Rosenthal 2011) and an overrepresentation of Chinese participants in another study (Suyi et al. 2017).”
From The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on the Psychological Functioning of Healthcare Professionals: a Systematic Review (2021) · cites this paper as Geary and Rosenthal 2011
Significant stress reductions were maintained at follow-ups ranging from 2 months to 1 year.
“Significant reductions in stress were also maintained ranging from 2 months (Hallman et al. 2017) to 1-year (Geary and Rosenthal 2011) follow-up.”
From The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on the Psychological Functioning of Healthcare Professionals: a Systematic Review (2021) · cites this paper as Geary and Rosenthal 2011
Significant improvements in psychological distress were maintained at 3-month and 1-year follow-up, with the 1-year result compared to controls.
“Significant improvements in psychological distress were maintained at 3-month (Martin-Asuero and Garcia-Banda 2010) and 1-year follow-up (Geary and Rosenthal 2011; compared to controls)”
From The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on the Psychological Functioning of Healthcare Professionals: a Systematic Review (2021) · cites this paper as Geary and Rosenthal 2011
Mindfulness training lowers subjective stress, and the reduction persists over time.
“considerable evidence that mindfulness training can decrease subjective measures of stress and that stress reduction effects endure over time [4–7]”
From Mindfulness and physical disease: a concise review (2019) · cites this paper as [6]
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Effects of Mindfulness Practices on Perceived Stress Levels
Ginn, K. (2014)
- Authors
- Geary, C., & Rosenthal, S. L.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (US)
- Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Geary, Cara
- ORCID
- Rosenthal, Susan L.
- Venue
- The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2011-10
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 939-944
- ISSN
- 1075-5535 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-7708
- OpenAlex
- W2060612271
- Cited by
- 95
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 5.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Massachusetts Amherst
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health, psychology, and well-being
- Keywords
- mindfulness-based stress reduction, mindfulness meditation, occupational stress, well-being, daily spiritual experiences, pulse rate variability, healthcare workers, long-term intervention effects, perceived stress
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Female, Health Personnel, Health Status, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Pulse, Surveys and Questionnaires, Relaxation, Stress, Psychological, Texas, Meditation, Mind-Body Relations, Metaphysical, Spirituality, Self Report
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