Heart rate variability: measurement and clinical utility.

Kleiger, Robert E.; Stein, Phyllis K.; Bigger, J. Thomas

doi:10.1111/j.1542-474x.2005.10101.x

Cited by 1,290Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic ControlCardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmiasECG Monitoring and Analysis

Heart rate variability: measurement and clinical utility.

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Kleiger, Robert E., Stein, Phyllis K., Bigger, J. Thomas·2005·Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology

DOI 10.1111/j.1542-474x.2005.10101.xPMC PMC6932537

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Abstract

Electrocardiographic RR intervals fluctuate cyclically, modulated by ventilation, baroreflexes, and other genetic and environmental factors that are mediated through the autonomic nervous system. Short term electrocardiographic recordings (5 to 15 minutes), made under controlled conditions, e.g., lying supine or standing or tilted upright can elucidate physiologic, pharmacologic, or pathologic changes in autonomic nervous system function. Long‐term, usually 24‐hour recordings, can be used to assess autonomic nervous responses during normal daily activities in health, disease, and in response to therapeutic interventions, e.g., exercise or drugs. RR interval variability is useful for assessing risk of cardiovascular death or arrhythmic events, especially when combined with other tests, e.g., left ventricular ejection fraction or ventricular arrhythmias.

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ULF can be only assessed with 24 h recordings.
“It can be only assessed with 24 h recordings (Kleiger et al., 2005).”
From Heart Rate Variability and Cardiac Vagal Tone in Psychophysiological Research – Recommendations for Experiment Planning, Data Analysis, and Data Reporting (2017) · cites this paper as Kleiger et al., 2005
The Spectral Analysis of R-R Intervals section (page unavailable) says ULF power is best calculated from the entire 24-hour recording and describes it as a band in the 24-hour spectrum. It does not say that ULF can only be assessed with a 24-hour recording; the claim makes the recommendation absolute. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Heart rate variability is reliable in quantifying risk of cardiac and non-cardiac disorders such as stroke, myocardial infarction, ischaemic heart disease, and diabetes mellitus, and can assess autonomic effects of drugs including psychotropic agents.
“In addition, it is reliable in quantifying the risk of a variety of cardiac and non-cardiac disorders, such as stroke, myocardial infarction, ischaemic heart disease, and diabetes mellitus, and can also be used to assess the autonomic effects of drugs, including psychotropic agents20.”
From Autonomic nervous system dysfunction in schizophrenia: impact on cognitive and metabolic health (2021) · cites this paper as [20]
Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
RMSSD is highly correlated with HF HRV.
“The root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) reflects vagal tone (Thayer and Lane, 2000; Kleiger et al., 2005) and is highly correlated with high-frequency (HF) HRV (Kleiger et al., 2005).”
From Heart Rate Variability and Cardiac Vagal Tone in Psychophysiological Research – Recommendations for Experiment Planning, Data Analysis, and Data Reporting (2017) · cites this paper as Kleiger et al., 2005
RMSSD reflects vagal tone.
“The root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) reflects vagal tone (Thayer and Lane, 2000; Kleiger et al., 2005) and is highly correlated with high-frequency (HF) HRV (Kleiger et al., 2005).”
From Heart Rate Variability and Cardiac Vagal Tone in Psychophysiological Research – Recommendations for Experiment Planning, Data Analysis, and Data Reporting (2017) · cites this paper as Kleiger et al., 2005

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Authors: Kleiger, R. E., Stein, P. K., & Bigger, J. T.
Affiliations: Washington University in St. Louis (US)
Columbia University (US)
Corresponding author: Bigger, J. Thomas
ORCID: Stein, Phyllis K.
Venue: Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2005-01
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Pages: 88-101
ISSN: 1082-720X (ISSN-L)
1542-474X
DOI: 10.1111/j.1542-474x.2005.10101.x
PMC: PMC6932537
OpenAlex: W2082227074
Cited by: 1,290
References: 118
Citations by year: 2026: 50 · 2025: 80 · 2024: 100 · 2023: 104 · 2022: 85 · 2021: 99 · 2020: 82 · 2019: 75 · 2018: 56 · 2017: 60 · 2016: 63 · 2015: 53 · 2014: 61 · 2013: 49 · 2012: 60
FWCI: 4.56
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 12 d)
Locations: Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › ECG Monitoring and Analysis
Keywords: heart rate variability, RR interval variability, autonomic nervous system, baroreflex, autonomic function testing, 24-hour Holter monitoring, cardiovascular risk, arrhythmia risk, exercise testing
MeSH terms: Autonomic Nervous System, Cardiovascular Diseases, Electrocardiography, Heart Conduction System, Heart Rate, Humans, Time Factors

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