Darwin —A Mission to Detect and Search for Life on Extrasolar Planets
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The discovery of extrasolar planets is one of the greatest achievements of modern astronomy. The detection of planets that vary widely in mass demonstrates that extrasolar planets of low mass exist. In this paper, we describe a mission, called Darwin, whose primary goal is the search for, and characterization of, terrestrial extrasolar planets and the search for life. Accomplishing the mission objectives will require collaborative science across disciplines, including astrophysics, planetary sciences, chemistry, and microbiology. Darwin is designed to detect rocky planets similar to Earth and perform spectroscopic analysis at mid-infrared wavelengths (6-20 mum), where an advantageous contrast ratio between star and planet occurs. The baseline mission is projected to last 5 years and consists of approximately 200 individual target stars. Among these, 25-50 planetary systems can be studied spectroscopically, which will include the search for gases such as CO(2), H(2)O, CH(4), and O(3). Many of the key technologies required for the construction of Darwin have already been demonstrated, and the remainder are estimated to be mature in the near future. Darwin is a mission that will ignite intense interest in both the research community and the wider public.
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Atmospheric chemical disequilibrium is a more general biosignature, evident in the coexistence of two or more long-term incompatible gases.
“A more general biosignature, which has not been considered for the early Earth, is atmospheric chemical disequilibrium, evident in the coexistence of two or more long-term incompatible gases (17–20).”
From Disequilibrium biosignatures over Earth history and implications for detecting exoplanet life (2018) · cites this paper as [19]
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- Authors
- Cockell, C. S., Léger, A., Fridlund, M., Herbst, T. M., Kaltenegger, L., Absil, O., Beichman, C., Benz, W., Blanc, M., Brack, A., Chelli, A., Colangeli, L., Cottin, H., Foresto, F. C. D., Danchi, W. C., Defrère, D., Herder, J.-W. D., Eiroa, C., Greaves, J., Henning, T., Johnston, K. J., Jones, H., Labadie, L., Lammer, H., Launhardt, R., Lawson, P., Lay, O. P., LeDuigou, J.-M., Liseau, R., Malbet, F., Martin, S. R., Mawet, D., Mourard, D., Moutou, C., Mugnier, L. M., Ollivier, M., Paresce, F., Quirrenbach, A., Rabbia, Y. D., Raven, J. A., Rottgering, H. J. A., Rouan, D., Santos, N. C., Selsis, F., Serabyn, E., Shibai, H., Tamura, M., Thiébaut, E., Westall, F., & White, G. J.
- Affiliations
- The Open University (GB)
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Université de Paris-Sud, Orsay, France.
- European Space Agency (FR)
- Max Planck Institute for Astronomy (DE)
- Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian (US)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- University of Bern (CH)
- Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (FR)
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire (FR)
- Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte (IT)
- LESIA—Observatoire de Paris, Meudon, France.
- Goddard Space Flight Center (US)
- University of Liège (BE)
- Space Research Organisation Netherlands (NL)
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (ES)
- University of St Andrews (GB)
- United States Naval Observatory (US)
- University of Hertfordshire (GB)
- Austrian Academy of Sciences (AT)
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory (US)
- Centre National d'Études Spatiales (FR)
- Chalmers University of Technology (SE)
- Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur (FR)
- Office National d'Études et de Recherches Aérospatiales (FR)
- Université Paris-Sud (FR)
- European Southern Observatory (DE)
- ZAH, Landerssternwarte, Koenigstuhl, Heidelberg, Germany.
- University of Dundee (GB)
- Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Observatoire de Paris (FR)
- Universidade do Porto (PT)
- Nagoya University (JP)
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (JP)
- Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, Centre de Recherche Astronomique de Lyon, Observatoire de Lyon, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (GB)
- ORCID
- Cockell, C.S.
- Fridlund, M.
- Herbst, T.M.
- Kaltenegger, L.
- Absil, O.
- Beichman, C.
- Benz, W.
- Blanc, M.
- Brack, A.
- Colangeli, L.
- Cottin, H.
- Danchi, W.C.
- Defrère, D.
- Herder, J.-W. den
- Eiroa, C.
- Greaves, J.
- Henning, T.
- Johnston, K.J.
- Jones, H.
- Labadie, L.
- Lammer, H.
- Launhardt, R.
- Lawson, P.
- Malbet, F.
- Martin, S.R.
- Mawet, D.
- Mourard, D.
- Moutou, C.
- Mugnier, L.M.
- Ollivier, M.
- Quirrenbach, A.
- Raven, J.A.
- Rouan, D.
- Santos, N.C.
- Selsis, F.
- Serabyn, E.
- Tamura, M.
- Westall, F.
- White, G.J.
- Venue
- Astrobiology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2009-01
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-22
- ISSN
- 1531-1074 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-8070
- OpenAlex
- W2116228691
- Cited by
- 115
- References
- 133
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 9.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hal.science
- Locations
- Astrobiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Bern Open Repository and Information System (University of Bern) (submittedVersion)
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
- UTS ePRESS (University of Technology Sydney) (submittedVersion)
- ORBi (University of Liège) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Open Research Online - ORO (The Open University) (submittedVersion)
- Oskar-Bordeaux (Universite de Bordeaux) (submittedVersion)
- Chalmers Publication Library (Chalmers University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Science and Technology Facilities Council (submittedVersion)
- Chalmers Research (Chalmers University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- Science and Technology Facilities Council (ST/G002533/1, ST/G001987/1, ST/G002622/1, ST/F003102/1, PP/D000963/1)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Instrumentation › Astronomy and Astrophysical Research
- Keywords
- Darwin mission, exoplanets, exoplanet characterization, biosignatures, search for life, terrestrial planets, mid-infrared spectroscopy, exoplanet atmospheres, space mission design
- MeSH terms
- Origin of Life, Astronomy, Bayes Theorem, Extraterrestrial Environment, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Space Flight, Spectrophotometry, Infrared, Planets, Spacecraft, Exobiology, Stars, Celestial
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