Time to Face It! Facebook Intrusion and the Implications for Romantic Jealousy and Relationship Satisfaction

“Excessive use of Facebook shows negative behavioral consequences including hyperactivity, attention deficit, depression, jealousy, and multi-tasking mania (Sharifah et al. 2011; Elphinston and Noller 2011).”

“© Taylor & Francis Group, LLC such as trust, relationship satisfaction, and jealousy (Elphinston & Noller, 2011; Hand, Thomas, Buboltz, Deemer, & Buyanjargal, 2013).”

“For example, the Facebook Addiction Scale [19–21] is a modified version of Young’s Internet Addiction Test [22], whereas the Facebook Intrusion Questionnaire [12] is based on the Mobile Phone Involvement Questionnaire [23].”

“Andreassen and Pallesen (2014) believe that Facebook addiction could be referred to as a subcategory of Internet addiction that is applicable to people who use social networking through Facebook to excess, with damaging impacts on their lives (Elphinston and Noller 2011).”

“It is defined as unnecessary association with SNS activities or overuse of SNS with different activities [37].”

“The latter demonstrated greater reliability than other questionnaires that measure the addictive use of SNs, such as the short version of the Social Media Disorder Scale (Van Den Eijnden et al., 2016), the Facebook Intrusion Questionnaire (Elphinston & Noller, 2011), the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (Andreassen et…”

“The presence of attractive alternatives in the guise of social media friends undermine constraint and is linked with romantic relationship discord (Clayton et al., 2013; Elphinston & Noller, 2011; Muise, Christofides, & Desmarais, 2009).”

“Variables M SD [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24]”

“…(e.g., perceived partner infidelity), impelling (e.g., trait jealousy), and inhibitory/ disinhibitory (e.g., acute alcohol intoxication) factors that researchers suggested may predict CDA perpetration (Brem et al., 2015; Crane et al., 2018; Deans & Bhogal, 2019; Elphinston & Noller, 2011).”

“…of a partner’s fidelity become more abundant with the use of technology (e.g., social networking sites, smartphones, etc.; Brem et al., 2015; Elphinston & Noller, 2011; Tokunaga, 2011), intervention efforts will benefit from continued exploration of ways to intervene with the…”

“In relation to the measurements used, the variance accounted for by the FIQ with the present sample is similar to the findings of the original study, which documented that the same scale accounted for 49.23% of the variance (Elphinston & Noller, 2011).”

“…been termed “interpersonal electronic surveillance” (IES), where romantic partners will spend quite a large amount of time monitoring the other constituent’s online behavior without her direct knowledge (Elphinston and Noller 2011; Fox and Warber 2014; Marshall 2012; Tokunaga and Gustafson 2014).”

“Elphinston and Noller (2011) explained that Facebook is a logical breeding ground for jealousy because this SNS “provides people with a visible interpersonal forum in which the information shared between Facebook friends can be ambiguous and perceived by a relationship partner as threatening” (p.…”

“Intrusiveness in romantic contexts has typically been studied within the context of obsessive love (e.g., Sinclair, Ladny, & Lyndon, 2011), pathological jealousy (e.g., Elphinston & Noller, 2011), and domestic violence (e.g., Bartholomew & Allison, 2006).”

“The Internet Addiction Scale, derived from the Face-book Addiction Questionnaire (FAQ) [62] and validated by Wei Qi [63], was used in this study.”

“Some results indicate that Facebook dependency is related to relationship dissatisfaction (Elphinston & Noller, 2011).”

“This tool has been utilized in previous research [79][26].”

“, 2014; Fox and Moreland, 2015; Sun and Zhang, 2021), in addition to cultivating feelings of jealousy, depression, and anxiety (Elphinston and Noller, 2011; Pantic, 2014).”

“FB intrusion is characterized by an individual’s constant need to access FB, which interferes with its daily functioning, and as a result, interpersonal relationships are impacted [6].”

“Similarly, some studies prove that social networks have a negative effect in spouses’ relations and decrease the quality of their communication [20, 26], caused negligence of their cooperation [29] and responsibility [23].”

“Moreover, the results of other research studies have suggested that Facebook addiction is associated with relationship dissatisfaction (Elphinston & Noller, 2011), depression (Hong, Huang, Lin, & Chin, 2014; Koc & Gulyagci, 2013), anxiety (Koc & Gulyagci, 2013), and low levels of subjective…”

“Also, Elphinston and Noller (2011) show the excessive use of social media influences romantic relationships, resulting in problems such as jealousy and dissatisfaction.”

“Social self-efficacy was measured by five items developed by Wright et al. (2013), social media addiction used five items adapted by Elphinston & Noller (2011), social media self-control failure was measured by three items developed by Du et al. (2018), social-esteem used a scale originated by…”

“At least two studies have shown that surveillance is negatively associated with relational satisfaction (Bevan, 2008; Elphinston & Noller, 2011), whereas another study found the association to be nonsignificant (Elphinston, Feeney, Noller, Connor, & Fitzgerald, 2013).”

“An increase in the duration of social media use leads to increased isolation from real life, damage to personal relationships (Elphinston and Noller 2021), depression (Vogel et al. 2021; Jolliff et al. 2020), anxiety (Jolliff et al. 2020), poor sleep quality, and negative consequences for mental…”

“We administered the Facebook Intrusion Questionnaire (FIQ; Elphinston & Noller, 2011), which assesses excessive attachment to Facebook and how this interferes with daily activities and relationship functioning.”

“Among these, Facebook is believed to be the most commonly used SNS. Facebook as a social network was the 4th most visited website in 2010 (Bowe, 2010) attracting over 800 million users to date (Elphinston & Noller, 2011).”

“Many SNS scales were developed based on Brown’s behavioral addiction symptoms, Griffiths components model of addiction, and diagnostic addiction criteria [17, 28,25,37,58,79,81,93].”

“FIQ is an eight-item scale developed by Elphinston and Noller (2011).”

“In the context of couple relationships, the use of Facebook has been associated with feelings of jealousy (with women reporting higher levels) (Elphinston & Noller, 2011; McAndrew & Shah, 2013, Morris et al., 2010; Utz & Beukeboom, 2011), conflicts, loss of privacy, rupture or divorce, physical…”

“Partner surveillance behavior and cognitive jealousy promote relationship dissatisfaction among undergraduate college students who are currently in a relationship (Elphinston & Noller, 2011).”

“Evidence shows that time on Facebook is positively correlated with more frequent episodes of jealousy-related feelings and behaviors, especially among women (Elphinston & Noller, 2011; Morris, et al, 2009; Muise, Christofides, & Desmarais, 2009; Utz & Beukeboom, 2011).”

“That is particularly important when primary care physicians and mental health providers are treating adolescents with generalized anxiety symptoms [7,22].”

“Consistently, empirical studies found that problematic Facebook use is associated with negative outcomes including insomnia [65], stress [66], relationship dissatisfaction [67], anxiety [65], social anxiety [68, 69], and depressive symptoms [65, 69, 70].”

“In addition, evidence suggests that these pitfalls related to social media use are linked to lower relationship quality and satisfaction (Arikewuyo et al. 2020; Elphinston and Noller 2011; Evasiuk 2016; Aníbal González ‐ Rivera et al. 2022).”

“Partner monitoring research also looks at partners monitoring their partners’ social media accounts without accessing their devices [1, 8, 17, 25, 64].”

“In our research, we refer to Facebook intrusion, which is defined as excessive Facebook use manifesting itself, among other symptoms, in the loss of control, tolerance, and disruption of everyday routine (10).”

“: pathological use of social networking sites in emerging adulthood," Addiction Research & Theory, 25, 5, 2017, pp. 375-382 [11] C. S. Andreassen et al., "The Relationship Between Addictive Use of Social Media and Video Page 6688 Games and Symptoms of Psychiatric Disorders: A Large-Scale Cross-Sectional Study," Psycho…”

“Some research found that users ’ engagement with social media contributes to tension and jealousy that far exceed offline relationship dynamics (Christofides, Muise, & Desmarais, 2009; Elphinston & Noller, 2011).”

“Exploratory and confi rmatory analyses showed that the FIQ-S has a one-factor structure consistent with that of the original questionnaire (Elphinston & Noller, 2011).”

“, 2019), which was modified from the Facebook Intrusion Questionnaire (Elphinston and Noller, 2011).”

“According to Elphinston and Noller (2011), Facebook addiction is defined as excessive participation * Thi Truc Quynh Ho httquynh@hueuni.edu.vn 1 Department of Psychology—Education, University of Education, Hue University, 34 Le Loi, Hue City, Vietnam in Facebook activities and is a common cause of…”

“Some individuals actively prefer communicating via SM to face-to-face interaction (Kujath, 2011) which may lead to its maladaptive use, and the risk of exacerbated offline social anxiety and isolation (Elphinston and Noller, 2011).”

“Las redes sociales constituyen alternativas no solo de la propia exposición, sino también para la exposición de las relaciones mediadas por la virtualidad, lo cual propicia una serie de conflictos que están fundamentalmente asociados a la vigilancia y control de la pareja (Nolle & Elphinston, 2011).”

“On the same line, Elphinston and Noller (2011) showed that intrusive behavior over the partner in social networks was linked to relationship dissatisfaction and jealousy, reflecting a relational romantic dynamic laden with insecurities and fears (Lavy, Mikulincer, & Shaver, 2010).”

“Short‑Form Video Addiction Short-form video addiction was measured by the modified version of the Facebook Intrusion Questionnaire (Elphinston & Noller, 2011).”

“…media, and especially of machine learning algorithms designed to capture user attention on those platforms, has been blamed for relationship disruption [17] or “ technoference ” [6, 7, 18], a recent rise in adolescent and youth mood disorders [19], and political polarisation and violence [20].”

“Kopiś-Posiej et al. (2021) studied empathy in association with problematic Facebook use as assessed by the Facebook Intrusion Scale (Elphinston & Noller, 2011).”

“An adapted version of the Facebook Intrusion Questionnaire (FIQ, Elphinston & Noller, 2011) was adopted to measure adolescents ’ PSNSU.”

“Facebook intrusion is also associated with a loss of control over time spent on social networking websites (Elphinston & Noller, 2011).”

“For instance, previous research has shown that Facebook addiction can negatively impact romantic relationship satisfaction (Elphinston & Noller, 2011) and lead to decreased well-being through impaired general health, poor sleep quality, and higher perceived stress (Atroszko et al., 2018).”

“Research finds that users’ engagement with social media contributes to tension and jealousy beyond the offline relationship dynamics (Elphinston & Noller, 2011; Muise, Christofides, & Desmarais, 2009).”

“The measurement of PSVU was adapted from the Facebook Intrusion Questionnaire (FIQ) 61 in which the word “Facebook” was replaced by “short-video applications”.”