Cited by 155Immune Response and InflammationImmune cells in cancerNeutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms

The proinflammatory cytokine-induced IRG1 protein associates with mitochondria

Degrandi, Daniel, Hoffmann, Reinhard, Beuter-Gunia, Cornelia, Pfeffer, Klaus·2009·Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research

Abstract

Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) are essential cytokines for successful clearance of microbial infections. Activation of macrophages by synergistic effects of these cytokines leads to induction of antimicrobial effector systems like reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen intermediates. Strikingly, IFN-gammaR(-/-) and TNFRp55(-/-) mice are considerably more susceptible to infections than inducible nitric oxide synthase(-/-) and p47phox(-/-) mice. Thus we applied transcriptome-profiling studies to identify genes synergistically upregulated by IFN-gamma and TNF in macrophages which are potentially involved in the defense against intracellular pathogens. From a total of 234 regulated genes we found 35 genes that were upregulated by combined effects of IFN-gamma and TNF and were at least 2-fold induced. The majority of these genes are involved in signal transduction and transcriptional regulation. However, we found several genes were poorly characterized with regard to immunological functions. As a prototypic TNF- and IFN-gamma-coregulated gene we characterized the expression and the subcellular localization of immunoresponsive gene 1 (IRG1) in murine macrophages. IRG1 is highly upregulated in murine ANA-1 macrophages by several proinflammatory cytokines and Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, as well as in spleen and lung of Listeria monocytogenes or Toxoplasma gondii infected mice, respectively. Furthermore, this study identifies 35 genes that constitute the IFN-gamma/TNF-triggered effector program in innate immunity.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1089/jir.2008.0013

Cites

43 of 43 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Degrandi, D., Hoffmann, R., Beuter-Gunia, C., & Pfeffer, K.
Affiliations
  • Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf (DE)
  • Technical University of Munich (DE)
Venue
Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research
Published
2009-01
Volume
29
Issue
1
Pages
55-68
ISSN
  • 1079-9907 (ISSN-L)
  • 1557-7465
OpenAlex
W1994691573
Cited by
155
References
43
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 3
FWCI
0.83
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • OPUS (Augsburg University) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms
Keywords
IRG1, interferon-gamma, TNF-α, macrophages, inflammatory cytokines, gene co-regulation, subcellular localization, mitochondria, innate immunity, intracellular pathogens, Listeria monocytogenes, Toxoplasma gondii, TLR agonists, gene expression profiling
MeSH terms
Animals, Cell Line, Hydro-Lyases, Interferon-gamma, Listeriosis, Listeria monocytogenes, Macrophages, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mitochondria, Toxoplasma, Toxoplasmosis, Animal, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Up-Regulation, Gene Expression Profiling, Mice

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review