Association of Serum Vitamin D with Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety in Early Pregnancy
Open accessAbstract
UNLABELLED: Abstract Objective: To evaluate associations between early pregnancy 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations and antepartum depression and anxiety symptoms and potential modifiers thereof. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a pregnancy cohort (N=498), we examined cross-sectional associations of early pregnancy (mean=15.4 weeks gestation) serum 25[OH]D concentrations and depression and anxiety symptoms. Symptoms were measured using Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS-21) and Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Module (PHQ-9) instruments. Regression models were fit and effect modification by prepregnancy body mass index and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) were assessed using interaction terms and stratified analyses. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Mean 25[OH]D concentration was 34.4 ng/mL. Approximately 12% had "moderate" anxiety (score ≥ 10) and depression (score ≥ 10) symptoms by DASS-21 Anxiety and PHQ-9 instruments, respectively. A 1 ng/mL lower 25[OH]D was associated with 0.043 and 0.040 higher DASS-21 Anxiety and PHQ-9 Scores (p-values=0.052 and 0.029, respectively). Participants in the lowest quartile of 25[OH]D (<28.9 ng/mL) had 1.11 higher PHQ-9 scores than those in the highest quartile (≥ 39.5 ng/mL, p<0.05). However, associations were attenuated and statistically insignificant in fully adjusted models. Inverse associations of 25[OH]D with depression symptoms were significant among participants who reported no LTPA, but not among women who reported any LTPA (interaction p=0.018). CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides modest evidence for inverse cross-sectional associations of early pregnancy maternal vitamin D concentrations with antepartum depression symptoms. We also observed that these associations may be modified by physical activity.
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Decreased levels of 20-oxo-22,23,24,25,26,27-hexanorvitamin D3 accompanied anxiety symptomatology.
“Thus, decreased levels of 20-oxo-22,23,24,25,26,26,27-hexanorvitamin D3 accompanied anxiety symptomatology [76,77].”
From Lipids in Psychiatric Disorders: Functional and Potential Diagnostic Role as Blood Biomarkers (2024) · cites this paper as [76]
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- Authors
- Huang, J. Y., Arnold, D., Qiu, C.-F., Miller, R. S., Williams, M. A., & Enquobahrie, D. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Swedish Medical Center (US)
- Swedish Medical Center
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Huang, Jonathan Y.
- Venue
- Journal of Women s Health
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2014-07
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 588-595
- ISSN
- 1059-7115 (ISSN-L)
- 1540-9996
- 1931-843X
- PMC
- PMC4089018
- OpenAlex
- W2331508675
- Cited by
- 126
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 59 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 23.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Women s Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (K01HL103174)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD/HL 355566, T32HD052462)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Vitamin D Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Pregnancy-related medical research
- Keywords
- vitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, antenatal depression, anxiety, early pregnancy, maternal mental health, physical activity, body mass index, effect modification, pregnancy cohort
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anxiety, Calcifediol, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Female, Humans, Leisure Activities, Motor Activity, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Pregnancy Trimester, Second, Prospective Studies, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Risk Factors, Vitamin D, Vitamin D Deficiency, Washington, Body Mass Index, Self Report
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