Cited by 126Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and PostpartumVitamin D Research StudiesPregnancy-related medical research

Association of Serum Vitamin D with Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety in Early Pregnancy

Open access
Huang, Jonathan Y., Arnold, Dodie, Qiu, Chun-fang, Miller, Raymond S., Williams, Michelle A., Enquobahrie, Daniel A.·2014·Journal of Women s Health

Abstract

UNLABELLED: Abstract Objective: To evaluate associations between early pregnancy 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations and antepartum depression and anxiety symptoms and potential modifiers thereof. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a pregnancy cohort (N=498), we examined cross-sectional associations of early pregnancy (mean=15.4 weeks gestation) serum 25[OH]D concentrations and depression and anxiety symptoms. Symptoms were measured using Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS-21) and Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Module (PHQ-9) instruments. Regression models were fit and effect modification by prepregnancy body mass index and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) were assessed using interaction terms and stratified analyses. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Mean 25[OH]D concentration was 34.4 ng/mL. Approximately 12% had "moderate" anxiety (score ≥ 10) and depression (score ≥ 10) symptoms by DASS-21 Anxiety and PHQ-9 instruments, respectively. A 1 ng/mL lower 25[OH]D was associated with 0.043 and 0.040 higher DASS-21 Anxiety and PHQ-9 Scores (p-values=0.052 and 0.029, respectively). Participants in the lowest quartile of 25[OH]D (<28.9 ng/mL) had 1.11 higher PHQ-9 scores than those in the highest quartile (≥ 39.5 ng/mL, p<0.05). However, associations were attenuated and statistically insignificant in fully adjusted models. Inverse associations of 25[OH]D with depression symptoms were significant among participants who reported no LTPA, but not among women who reported any LTPA (interaction p=0.018). CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides modest evidence for inverse cross-sectional associations of early pregnancy maternal vitamin D concentrations with antepartum depression symptoms. We also observed that these associations may be modified by physical activity.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1089/jwh.2013.4598

Cites

43 of 43 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Huang, J. Y., Arnold, D., Qiu, C.-F., Miller, R. S., Williams, M. A., & Enquobahrie, D. A.
Affiliations
  • University of Washington (US)
  • Swedish Medical Center (US)
  • Swedish Medical Center
  • Harvard University (US)
Corresponding author
Huang, Jonathan Y.
Venue
Journal of Women s Health
Published
2014-07
Volume
23
Issue
7
Pages
588-595
ISSN
  • 1059-7115 (ISSN-L)
  • 1540-9996
  • 1931-843X
OpenAlex
W2331508675
Cited by
126
References
43
Citations by year
2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 59 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 1
FWCI
23.88
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Women s Health (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (K01HL103174)
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD/HL 355566, T32HD052462)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Vitamin D Research Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Pregnancy-related medical research
Keywords
vitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, antenatal depression, anxiety, early pregnancy, maternal mental health, physical activity, body mass index, effect modification, pregnancy cohort
MeSH terms
Adult, Anxiety, Calcifediol, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Female, Humans, Leisure Activities, Motor Activity, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Pregnancy Trimester, Second, Prospective Studies, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Risk Factors, Vitamin D, Vitamin D Deficiency, Washington, Body Mass Index, Self Report

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review