Depression and posttraumatic stress disorder among women with vulvodynia: evidence from the population-based woman to woman health study
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BACKGROUND: Psychological disorders may affect the pain experience of women with vulvodynia, but evidence remains limited. The present study aimed to describe the magnitude of the association of depression and posttraumautic stress disorder (PTSD) with the presence of vulvodynia in a nonclinical population from southeastern Michigan. METHODS: Baseline data from 1,795 women participating in the Woman to Woman Health Study, a multiethnic population-based study, was used for this analysis. Validated screening questionnaires were conducted to assess vulvodynia, depression, and PTSD. Modified Poisson regression models with a robust variance estimation were used to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between vulvodynia status and two mental health conditions, depression and PTSD. RESULTS: In the adjusted models, women who screened positive for depression had a 53% higher prevalence of having vulvodynia (PR=1.53; 95% CI: 1.12, 2.10) compared with women who screened negative for depression. Women who screened positive for PTSD had more than a two-fold increase in the prevalence of having vulvodynia (PR=2.37; 95% CI: 1.07, 5.25) compared with women who screened negative for PTSD. CONCLUSIONS: The increased prevalence of vulvodynia among those screening positive for depression or PTSD suggests that these disorders may contribute to the likelihood of reporting vulvodynia. Alternatively, vulvodynia, depression, and PTSD may have a common pathophysiological and risk profile. Prospective studies are needed to improve our understanding of the temporal relation between mental health conditions and vulvar pain.
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Provoked vulvodynia is associated with other conditions, such as irritable bowel syndrome, fibromyalgia, posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and depressive symptoms.
“Provoked vulvodynia is associated with other conditions, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), fibromyalgia, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depressive symptoms. 5,8,9”
From Internet-based treatment for provoked vulvodynia: Factors associated with treatment outcomes (2025) · cites this paper as [9]
The Discussion (page not available in our copy) reports associations of PTSD and depression with vulvodynia, and the Introduction discusses anxiety in relation to vulvar pain. The paper does not establish these associations specifically for provoked vulvodynia, and the retrieved passages do not address irritable bowel syndrome or fibromyalgia. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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Harlow, B. L., Mühlrad, H., Yan, J., Linnros, E., Lu, D., Fox, M. P., & Bohm‐Starke, N. (2024) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1093/jsxmed/qdae082 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Involvement of Glutamate-mGluR5 Signaling in the Development of Vulvar Hypersensitivity
Awad-Igbaria, Y., Abu-Ata, S., Sakas, R., Bang, S., Fishboom, T., Shamir, A., Bornstein, J., Lowenstein, L., & Palzur, E. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26020523 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Spinoni, M., Giorgia, C., Porpora, M. G., & Grano, C. (2025) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1093/jsxmed/qdaf046 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Nouveau regard sur les vulvodynies spontanées
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Le syndrome d’excitation génitale permanente : hypothèses neurodéveloppementales
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Psychosocial Assessment of Vulvodynia
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Survey of the Literature December 2015
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Kartoitus vulvodynian taustatekijöistä ja vaikutuksista elämänlaatuun kyselylomaketutkimus
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Mindfulness and cognitive behavioral therapy for managing vulvodynia : a literature review
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VULVODYNIA AND ITS IMPACT ON WOMEN’S QUALITY OF LIFE
Fitas, A., Kieloch, F., Sewruk, D., Kanon, K., Głowacka, J., Spitaleri, M., Gąska, W., Dębek-Kalinowska, K., Gąska, W., & Sienkiel, O. (2025) · International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science · doi:10.31435/ijitss.3(47).2025.3719
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Psychological considerations for pelvic floor dysfunction and pelvic conditions
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Psychodermatology: A comprehensive review of mental health and skin disease
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10 Facts overlooking co-morbitities associated with vulvodynia
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- Authors
- Iglesias-Rios, L., Harlow, S. D., & Reed, B. D.
- Affiliations
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
- University of Michigan (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Women s Health
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2015-07
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 557-562
- ISSN
- 1059-7115 (ISSN-L)
- 1540-9996
- 1931-843X
- PMC
- PMC4628213
- OpenAlex
- W1692927833
- Cited by
- 57
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 4.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Women s Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD054767, R01HD054767)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Sexual function and dysfunction studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Pelvic floor disorders treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Keywords
- vulvodynia, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, vulvar pain, women's mental health, prevalence, psychological comorbidity
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Black or African American, Depression, Ethnicity, Female, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Michigan, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Prevalence, Women's Health, Black People, White People, Young Adult, Vulvodynia
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