Effect of β-carotene on lymphocyte subpopulations in elderly humans: evidence for a dose-response relationship
Abstract
The effects of various doses (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 mg/d) of supplementary beta-carotene were evaluated. The percentage of lymphoid cells with surface markers for T-helper and natural killer (NK) cells and cells with interleukin 2 (IL-2) and transferrin receptors were significantly and substantially increased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from older human adult volunteers after supplementation with greater than or equal to 30 mg beta-carotene/d for 2 mo. The increase in the percentage of cells with markers of NK cells and in expression of IL-2 receptors was dose dependent. The plasma concentrations of beta-carotene were also elevated significantly; however, there was no increase in the amount of retinol present in plasma. This indicated that immunomodulation induced by beta-carotene may be due to the carotenoid rather than to an increased amount, and hence actions, of vitamin A. These results support the role of immunostimulation as a potential mechanism of action of beta-carotene with cancer-prevention potential.
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Watson et al. report that higher doses of β-carotene (30 and 60 mg/day; instead of 15, 30, and 45) increase T helper cells and NK cell number.
“Watson et al. report that higher doses of β-carotene (30 and 60 mg/day; instead of 15, 30, and 45) increase T helper cells and NK cells number (138).”
From Immunosenescence and Its Hallmarks: How to Oppose Aging Strategically? A Review of Potential Options for Therapeutic Intervention (2019) · cites this paper as [138]
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Meydani, S. N. (1991) · AGE · doi:10.1007/bf02435016 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
WATSON, R. R. (1992) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/122.suppl_3.744 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Bach, D., & Lee, S. K. (2018) · Current Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/0929867325666180726123339 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Sheehan, N. L., van Heeswijk, R. P. G., Foster, B. C., Akhtar, H., Singhal, N., Seguin, I., DelBalso, L., Bourbeau, M., Chauhan, B. M., Boulassel, M.-R., et al. (2012) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules17010688 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Chew, B. P., & Park, J. S. (2009) · Birkhäuser Basel eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-7643-7501-0_17 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
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Promotion of interleukin-2 activity as a strategy for ‘rejuvenating’ geriatric immune function
McCarty, M. F. (1997) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/s0306-9877(97)90023-2 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
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El-Sherbiny, G. M., & Kalaba, M. H. (2025) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/bmri/4147524 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Micronutrients and HIV Infection
Campa, A. L., & Baum, M. K. (2010) · HIV Therapy · doi:10.2217/hiv.10.36 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
- Authors
- Watson, R., Prabhala, R., Plezia, P., & Alberts, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Arizona (US)
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1991-01
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 90-94
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1910857921
- Cited by
- 158
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 10.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (1991-04-01)
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5p50aa008037-05, 5r01da004827-02)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA-08037)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA 04827)
- National Cancer Institute (CA-25702)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinoids in leukemia and cellular processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Keywords
- beta-carotene, lymphocyte subsets, natural killer cells, T helper cells, interleukin-2 receptor, transferrin receptor, dose-response relationship, immunomodulation, older adults, vitamin A, carotenoids, cancer prevention, dietary supplementation
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aging, Carotenoids, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer, Humans, Killer Cells, Natural, Male, Middle Aged, Receptors, Transferrin, Vitamin A, Receptors, Interleukin-2, T-Lymphocyte Subsets, beta Carotene, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory
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