Cited by 1,168Food composition and propertiesDiabetes Management and ResearchDiet, Metabolism, and Disease

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 57 of the 58 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The glycemic index: methodology and clinical implications

Wolever, TM, Jenkins, DJ, Jenkins, AL, Josse, RG·1991·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

There is controversy regarding the clinical utility of classifying foods according to their glycemic responses by using the glycemic index (GI). Part of the controversy is due to methodologic variables that can markedly affect the interpretation of glycemic responses and the GI values obtained. Recent studies support the clinical utility of the GI. Within limits determined by the expected GI difference and by the day-to-day variation of glycemic responses, the GI predicts the ranking of the glycemic potential of different meals in individual subjects. In long-term trials, low-GI diets result in modest improvements in overall blood glucose control in patients with insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Of perhaps greater therapeutic importance is the ability of low-GI diets to reduce insulin secretion and lower blood lipid concentrations in patients with hypertriglyceridemia.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1093/ajcn/54.5.846

Cites

57 of 57 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Glycemic index of foods: a physiological basis for carbohydrate exchange
Jenkins, D. J., Wolever, T. M., Taylor, R. H., Barker, H., Fielden, H., Baldwin, J. M., Bowling, A. C., Newman, H. C., Jenkins, A. L., & Goff, D. V. (1981) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/34.3.362 · Cited by 3,857
Self-citation
Sources of variance in 24-hour dietary recall data: implications for nutrition study design and interpretation
Beaton, G. H., Milner, J., Corey, P., McGuire, V. M., Cousins, M., Stewart, E., de Ramos, M., Hewitt, D., Grambsch, P. V., Kassim, N., et al. (1979) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/32.12.2546 · Cited by 986
Regulation of HMG-CoA Reductase
Rodwell, V. W., Nordstrom, J. L., & Mitschelen, J. J. (1976) · Advances in lipid research · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-024914-5.50008-5 · Cited by 742
The use of the glycemie Index in predicting the blood glucose response to mixed meals
Wolever, T., & Jenkins, D. (1986) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/43.1.167 · Cited by 645
Self-citation
Nibbling versus gorging: metabolic advantages of increased meal frequency
Jenkins, D. J. A., Wolever, T. M. S., Vuksan, V., Brighenti, F., Cunnane, S. C., Rao, A. V., Jenkins, A. L., Buckley, G., Patten, R., Singer, W., et al. (1989) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198910053211403 · Cited by 467
Self-citation
Effect of Protein Ingestion on the Glucose and Insulin Response to a Standardized Oral Glucose Load
Nuttall, F. Q., Mooradian, A. D., Gannon, M. C., Billington, C. J., & Krezowski, P. A. (1984) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.7.5.465 · Cited by 439
Postprandial Plasma-glucose and -insulin Responses to Different Complex Carbohydrates
Crapo, P. A., Reaven, G. M., & Olefsky, J. M. (1977) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.26.12.1178 · Cited by 320
Low-Glycemic Index Foods Improve Long-Term Glycemic Control in NIDDM
Brand-Miller, J. C., Colagiuri, S., Crossman, S., Allen, A., Roberts, D. C. K., & Truswell, A. S. (1991) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.14.2.95 · Cited by 320
Metabolic effects of a low-glycemic-index diet
Jenkins, D. J. A., Wolever, T. M. S., Collier, G. R., Ocana, A., Rao, A. V., Buckley, G., Lam, Y. L., Mayer, A., & Thompson, L. U. (1987) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/46.6.968 · Cited by 312
Self-citation
Postprandial Glucose and Insulin Responses to Meals Containing Different Carbohydrates in Normal and Diabetic Subjects
Bantle, J. P., Laine, D. C., Castle, G., Thomas, J. W., Hoogwerf, B. J., & Goetz, F. C. (1983) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198307073090102 · Cited by 306

Show all 58 references

Research works printed but not linked: 6

Otto, 1980, Different glycemic responses to carbohydrate-containing foods. Implications for the dietary treatment of diabetes mellitus., Hyg (Geneve), 38, 3424
Wolever, 1988, Metabolic response to test meals containing different carbohydrate foods: 1, relationship between rate of digestion and plasma insulin response. Nutr Res, 8, 573
Wolever, 1990, The glycemic index, Bourne GH Aspects of some vitamins, minerals and enzymes in health and disease. World Rev Nutr Diet, 62, 120
Collier, 1988, Low glycaemic index starchy foods improve glucose control and lower serum cholesterol in diabetic children, Diabetes Nutr Metab, 1, 11
Fontvieille, 1988, A moderate switch from high to low glycaemi-cindex foods for 3 weeks improves metabolic control of Type I (IDDM) diabetic subjects, Diabetes Nutr Metab, 1, 139
Brand, 1990, Plasma glucose correlates inversely with satiety and CCK., Proc Nutr Soc Aust, 15, 209

Sorted by citations

Items 601–700 of 1,000

Dietary Determinants of Obesity
Du, H. (2009) · Research Publications (Maastricht University) · doi:10.26481/dis.20091211hd · Cited by 16
The Association between the Glycaemic Index of Some Traditional Saudi Foods and the Prevalence of Diabetes in Saudi Arabia: A Review Article
Al-Mssallem, M. Q. (2014) · Journal of Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.4172/2155-6156.1000452 · Cited by 15
Predictive Validity of Image-Based Motivation-to-Eat Visual Analogue Scales in Normal Weight Children and Adolescents Aged 9–14 Years
Hammond, L., Morello, O., Kucab, M., de Zepetnek, J. O. T., Lee, J. J., Doheny, T., & Bellissimo, N. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14030636 · Cited by 15
Serum glucose and insulin response to mango and papaya in type 2 diabetic subjects
Fatema, K., Ali, L., Rahman, M. H., Parvin, S., & Hassan, Z. (2003) · Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/s0271-5317(02)00492-x · Cited by 15
Effect of potatoes and other carbohydrate-containing foods on cognitive performance, glycemic response, and satiety in children
Lee, J. J., Brett, N. R., Wong, V. C. H., de Zepetnek, J. O. T., Fiocco, A. J., & Bellissimo, N. (2019) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2018-0792 · Cited by 15
Effect of traditional Arabic coffee consumption on the glycemic index of Khalas dates tested in healthy and diabetic subjects.
Alkaabi, J., Al-Dabbagh, B., Saadi, H., Gariballa, S., & Yasin, J. (2013) · PubMed · doi:10.6133/apjcn.2013.22.4.09 · Cited by 15
Effects of ingesting low glycemic index carbohydrate food for thesahurmeal on subjective, metabolic and physiological responses, and endurance performance in Ramadan fasted men
Png, W., Bhaskaran, K., Sinclair, A. J., & Aziz, A. R. (2014) · International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition · doi:10.3109/09637486.2014.886187 · Cited by 15
Carbohydrate and Phytochemical Digestibility in Pasta
Camelo‐Méndez, G. A., Ferruzzi, M. G., González-Aguilar, G. A., & Bello‐Pérez, L. A. (2015) · Food Engineering Reviews · doi:10.1007/s12393-015-9117-z · Cited by 15
A green tea-containing starch confection increases plasma catechins without protecting against postprandial impairments in vascular function in normoglycemic adults
Sapper, T. N., Mah, E., Ahn‐Jarvis, J. H., McDonald, J. D., Chitchumroonchokchai, C., Reverri, E. J., Vodovotz, Y., & Bruno, R. S. (2016) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/c6fo00639f · Cited by 15
Starch Digestion and Applications of Slowly Available Starch
Priebe, M. G., Eelderink, C., Wachters-Hagedoorn, R. E., & Vonk, R. J. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100868-3.00021-4 · Cited by 17
Acute effect of equicaloric meals varying in glycemic index and glycemic load on arterial stiffness and glycemia in healthy adults: a randomized crossover trial
Zurbau, A., Jenkins, A. L., Jovanovski, E., Au‐Yeung, F., Bateman, E. A., Brissette, C., Wolever, T. M. S., Hanna, A., & Vuksan, V. V. V. (2018) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/s41430-018-0182-2 · Cited by 15
Self-citation
[Glycemic, insulinemic index, glycemic load of soy beverage with low and high content of carbohydrates].
Torres, N., Palacios‐González, B., Noriega, L. G., & Tovar-Palacio, A. R. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 15
Glycaemic index of four commercially available breads in Malaysia
Yusof, B. N. M., Talib, R. A., Karim, N. A., Kamarudin, N. A., & Arshad, F. (2008) · International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/09637480701804268 · Cited by 15
Overall Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load of Vegan Diets in Relation to Plasma Lipoproteins and Triacylglycerols
Waldmann, A., Ströhle, A., Koschizke, J. W., Leitzmann, C., & Hahn, A. (2007) · Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1159/000107676 · Cited by 15
Postprandial blood glucose and insulin responses to breads formulated with different wheat evolutionary populations (Triticum aestivum L.): A randomized controlled trial on healthy subjects
Dall’Asta, M., Dodi, R., Pede, G. D., Marchini, M., Spaggiari, M., Gallo, A., Righetti, L., Brighenti, F., Galaverna, G., Dall’Asta, C., et al. (2021) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2021.111533 · Cited by 14
In vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and in vivo anti-hyperglycemia potentials of cookies made from sorghum, orange-flesh-sweet-potato and mushroom protein isolate flour blends fed to Wistar rats
Akinbode, B. A., Malomo, S. A., & Asasile, I. I. (2023) · Food Chemistry Advances · doi:10.1016/j.focha.2023.100263 · Cited by 14
Potato consumption, polygenic scores, and incident type 2 diabetes: An observational study
Wan, X., Liu, X., Zhang, L., Zhuang, P., Jiao, J., & Zhang, Y. (2023) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112936 · Cited by 14
Development of a national database for dietary glycemic index and load for nutritional epidemiologic studies in the United States
Corte, K. W. D., Corte, D. D., Titensor, S., Yang, B., & Liu, S. (2024) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.06.001 · Cited by 15
Novel hydrothermal modification to alter functionality and reduce glycemic response of pea starch
Cheng, F., Sun, G., Li, X., Warkentin, T. D., & Ai, Y. (2024) · Carbohydrate Polymers · doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122861 · Cited by 14
Testing the carbohydrate-insulin model: Short-term metabolic responses to consumption of meals with varying glycemic index in healthy adults
Liu, Y., Mei, H., Li, X., Cheng, C., Wu, Y., Zou, C., Yu, Y., Gao, L., Zhang, H., Gao, X., et al. (2025) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2025.01.015 · Cited by 14
Glycemic Responses of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes to Individual Carbohydrate-Rich Foods and Mixed Meals
Robert, S. D., & Ismail, A. A.-S. (2011) · Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1159/000335224 · Cited by 14
Responses to oral glucose challenge differ by physical activity volume and intensity: A pilot study
Simper, T. N., Morris, C., Lynn, A., O’Hagan, C., & Kilner, K. (2017) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2017.04.010 · Cited by 15
Glycemic response in nonracing sled dogs fed single starch ingredients and commercial extruded dog foods with different carbohydrate sources
Rankovic, A., Adolphe, J. L., Ramdath, D. D., Shoveller, A. K. K., & Verbrugghe, A. (2020) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.1093/jas/skaa241 · Cited by 14
Effect of Increasing the Dietary Protein Content of Breakfast on Subjective Appetite, Short-Term Food Intake and Diet-Induced Thermogenesis in Children
Bellissimo, N., Fansabedian, T., Wong, V. C. H., de Zepetnek, J. O. T., Brett, N. R., Schwartz, A., Cassin, S. E., Suitor, K., & Rousseau, D. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12103025 · Cited by 15
The application of continuous glucose monitoring technology to eating disorders research: An idea worth researching
Presseller, E. K., Parker, M. N., Lin, M., Weimer, J. E., & Juarascio, A. S. (2020) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.23404 · Cited by 14
Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Curcuma longa incorporated dairy yoghurts with hindered glycaemic properties for healthy people
Pavalakumar, D., Jayasinghe, M. A., Edirisinghe, M., Wijesekara, I., & Senadheera, S. P. A. S. (2021) · Journal of Future Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jfutfo.2021.09.006 · Cited by 14
Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, and cause-specific mortality: two population-based prospective cohort studies
Zhao, L., Li, H., Liu, D., Fang, J., Wang, J., Tan, Y., & Xiang, Y. (2022) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/s41430-022-01083-9 · Cited by 14
Sugar composition and glycemic indices of frequently consumed fruits in Korea
Ryu, J.-H., Yim, J., Suk, W.-H., Lee, H., Ahn, H., Kim, Y.-S., Park, C., & Choue, R. (2012) · Journal of Nutrition and Health · doi:10.4163/kjn.2012.45.2.192 · Cited by 14
Effect of Biscuits and Muffins Added with Cornlettes Powder on the Glycemic Responses of Healthy Individuals
Zin, C. A. J. C. M., Robert, S. D., & Ishak, W. R. W. (2014) · Food and Nutrition Sciences · doi:10.4236/fns.2014.522232 · Cited by 14
When a placebo is not a ‘placebo’: a placebo effect on postprandial glycaemia
Sievenpiper, J. L., Ezatagha, A., Dascalu, A., & Vuksan, V. V. V. (2007) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2007.02929.x · Cited by 14
Goal difficulty and goal commitment affect adoption of a lower glycemic index diet in adults with type 2 diabetes
Miller, C. K., Headings, A., Peyrot, M. F., & Nagaraja, H. N. (2011) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2011.03.009 · Cited by 14
Glycemic Index of Popular Sport Drinks and Energy Foods
Gretebeck, R. J., Gretebeck, K. A., & Tittelbach, T. J. (2002) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(02)90097-0 · Cited by 14
Effect of dietary curries on the glycaemic index
Pirasath, S., Thayaananthan, K., Balakumar, S., & Arasaratnam, V. (2010) · Ceylon Medical Journal · doi:10.4038/cmj.v55i4.2629 · Cited by 14
Relation of Dietary Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load to Coronary Artery Calcium in Asymptomatic Korean Adults
Choi, Y., Chang, Y., Ryu, S., Cho, J., Kim, M. K., Ahn, Y., Lee, J. E., Sung, E., Kim, B., Ahn, J., et al. (2015) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.05.005 · Cited by 15
Gluten Free Bread in a Diet of Celiacs
Litwinek, D., Ziobro, R., Gambuś, H., & Sikora, M. (2016) · International Journal of Celiac Disease · doi:10.12691/ijcd-2-1-4 · Cited by 15
Effect of Wheat Flour Noodles with Bombyx mori Powder on Glycemic Response in Healthy Subjects
Suk, W.-H., Kim, J., Kim, D., Lim, H., & Choue, R. (2016) · Preventive Nutrition and Food Science · doi:10.3746/pnf.2016.21.3.165 · Cited by 14
Mass transfer approach to in‐vitro glycemic index of different biscuit compositions
Priyadarshini, S., Suriyamoorthy, P., Moses, J. A., & Anandharamakrishnan, C. (2020) · Journal of Food Process Engineering · doi:10.1111/jfpe.13559 · Cited by 14
Glycemic responses to glycemia-targeted specialized-nutrition beverages with varying carbohydrates compared to a standard nutritional beverage in adults with type 2 diabetes
Devitt, A. A., Williams, J. A. S., Choe, Y. S., Hustead, D. S., & Mustad, V. A. (2013) · Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology · doi:10.4236/abb.2013.49a001 · Cited by 14
Effect of Dietary Carbohydrate Source on the Development of Obesity in Agouti Transgenic Mice**
Morris, K. L., & Zemel, M. B. (2005) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1038/oby.2005.5 · Cited by 14
Effects of Stabilized Rice Bran on Obesity and Antioxidative Enzyme Activity in High Fat Diet-induced Obese C57BL/6 Mice
Kim, J.-Y., Shin, M.-S., & Heo, Y. (2014) · Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.3746/jkfn.2014.43.8.1148 · Cited by 13
A Mechanistic Model of Intermittent Gastric Emptying and Glucose-Insulin Dynamics following a Meal Containing Milk Components
Stahel, P., Cant, J., MacPherson, J., Berends, H., & Steele, M. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0156443 · Cited by 15
Nutritional, antioxidant, carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzyme inhibitory activities, and glyceamic index of wheat bread as influence by bambara groundnut substitution
Oguntuase, S. O., Ijarotimi, O. S., Oluwajuyitan, T. D., & Oboh, G. (2022) · SN Applied Sciences · doi:10.1007/s42452-022-05018-8 · Cited by 14
Glycemic Index, Insulinemic Index, and Satiety Index of Kefir
Kong, K. L., & Hendrich, S. (2012) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2012.10720435 · Cited by 13
Bioavailability of carotenoids from chlorella powder in healthy subjects: A comparison with marigold petal extract
Jung, H. Y., Ok, H. M., Park, M. Y., Kim, J. Y., & Kwon, O. (2015) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2015.11.036 · Cited by 13
Genetic Disorders Causing Hypertriglyceridemia in Children and Adolescents
SHAH, A. S., & Wilson, D. P. (2016) · MDText.com, Inc. eBooks · Cited by 13
Association between glycemic index and Helicobacter pylori infection risk among adults: A case-control study
Sohouli, M. H., Haghshenas, N., Pouladi, F., Sayyari, A., Olang, B., Găman, M., Kord‐Varkaneh, H., & Fatahi, S. (2020) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2020.111069 · Cited by 13
Glycemic Index in the Treatment of Diabetes: The Debate Continues
Sievenpiper, J. L., & Vuksan, V. V. V. (2004) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2004.10719337 · Cited by 13
No difference between venous and capillary blood sampling and the Minimed continuous glucose monitoring system for determining the blood glucose response to food
Wallace, A. J., Willis, J. A., Monro, J. A., Frampton, C. M., HEDDERLEY, D. I., & Scott, R. S. (2006) · Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2006.07.007 · Cited by 13
Quality Analysis of Soy Bread and Its Effects on Glycemic Index
Haque, M. M., Hossain, M. A., Zim, A. F. M. I. U., Aziz, M. A., & Hoque, M. A. (2020) · Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal · doi:10.12944/crnfsj.8.1.07 · Cited by 12
Comparative Study on Nutrient Composition, Functional Property and Glycaemic Index of “Ogi” in Healthy Rats Prepared from Selected Cereal Grains
Ijarotimi, O. S., David, O. T., Olugbuyi, A. O., & Bolawa, M. S. (2022) · Journal of Future Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jfutfo.2022.08.010 · Cited by 12
Longer-Term Effects of the Glycaemic Index on Substrate Metabolism and Performance in Endurance Athletes
Moitzi, A. M., & König, D. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15133028 · Cited by 14
Effect of the Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Moringa oleifera on Insulin Resistance in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats
Chinedu., A. A., Salako, O. A., & Olaide., A. O. (2015) · doi:10.11648/j.jps.s.2014020601.12 · Cited by 12
Motoric self-regulation by sled dogs and pet dogs and the acute effect of carbohydrate source in sled dogs
Kelly, D. M., Adolphe, J. L., Vernouillet, A., McCausland, J. A., Rankovic, A., & Verbrugghe, A. (2019) · Animal Cognition · doi:10.1007/s10071-019-01285-y · Cited by 14
Association between dietary glycemic load and metabolic syndrome in obese children and adolescents
Monthedoro, A. P. C., Negreiros-Sánchez, I., Villar, C. D. Á., Marlit Ysla, M., & Mayta‐Tristán, P. (2017) · Archivos Argentinos de Pediatria · doi:10.5546/aap.2017.eng.323 · Cited by 12
The glycaemic index and sports nutrition
Wright, H. H. (2005) · South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1080/16070658.2005.11734071 · Cited by 11
Effect of Acute Prior Exercise on Glycemic and Insulinemic Indices
Englert, V., Wells, K. M., Long, W., Hickey, M. S., & Melby, C. L. (2006) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2006.10719532 · Cited by 12
Influence of Fiber on Glycemic Index of Enteral Nutrition
Víšek, J., Žourek, M., Lacigová, S., & Rušavý, Z. (2007) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1177/0148607107031006491 · Cited by 12
Dietary starch and fiber: potential benefits to body weight and glucose metabolism
Chambers, E. S., Guess, N. D., Viardot, A., & Frost, G. S. (2011) · Diabetes Management · doi:10.2217/dmt.11.40 · Cited by 12
Nutritional Therapy for Diabetes Mellitus
Ihle, S. L. (1995) · Veterinary Clinics of North America Small Animal Practice · doi:10.1016/s0195-5616(95)50055-5 · Cited by 12
Papel do índice glicêmico e da carga glicêmica na prevenção e no controle metabólico de pacientes com diabetes melito tipo 2
Silva, F. M., Steemburgo, T., Azevedo, M. J. D., & de Mello, V. D. (2009) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia · doi:10.1590/s0004-27302009000500009 · Cited by 12
Measurement of Postprandial Incremental Glucose and Insulin Changes in Healthy Dogs: Influence of Food Adaptation and Length of Time of Blood Sampling
Nguyen, P., Dumon, H., Biourge, V. C., & Pouteau, E. B. (1998) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/128.12.2659s · Cited by 12
Glycemia Targeted Specialized Nutrition (GTSN) improves postprandial glycemia and GLP-1 with similar appetitive responses compared to a healthful whole food breakfast in persons with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, controlled trial
Devitt, A. A., Oliver, J. S., Hegazi, R. A. F., & Mustad, V. A. (2012) · journal of Diabetes Research and Clinical Metabolism · doi:10.7243/2050-0866-1-20 · Cited by 12
Glycemic, insulinemic, and breath hydrogen responses to pullulan in healthy humans
Spears, J. K., Karr‐Lilienthal, L. K., Grieshop, C. M., Flickinger, E. A., Wolf, B. W., & Fahey, G. C., Jr. (2005) · Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2005.09.011 · Cited by 12
Evaluación nutricional y sensorial de polvos para bebidas a base de papaya, plátano verde y salvado de arroz: Índice glucémico
Pacheco-Delahaye, E., Pérez‐Esparza, R., & Schnell, M. (2004) · Interciencia · Cited by 12
Is there an optimal macronutrient mix for weight loss and weight maintenance?
Wilkinson, D. L., & McCargar, L. J. (2004) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2004.06.024 · Cited by 12
Nutrition and Human Health Benefits of Dry Beans and Pulses
Rondini, E. A., Barrett, K. G., & Bennink, M. R. (2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118448298.ch14 · Cited by 13
Royaume du Maroc
Benhima (1962) · Présence Africaine · doi:10.3917/presa.042.0147 · Cited by 13
Glycemic indices and effect of bitter leaf ( Vernonia amygdalina ) flavored non‐alcoholic wheat beer ( NAWB ) on key carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes in high fat diet fed ( HFD )/ STZ ‐induced diabetic Wistar rats
Akerele, G. P., Adedayo, B. C., Oboh, G., Ademosun, A. O., & Oyeleye, S. I. (2022) · Journal of Food Biochemistry · doi:10.1111/jfbc.14511 · Cited by 11
Nutritional values, Nutraceutical properties, and health benefits of Arabian Date Palme fruit
AlFaris, N. A., AlTamimi, J. Z., ALMOUSA, L. A., Albarid, N. A., & Alghamdi, F. (2023) · Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture · doi:10.9755/ejfa.2023.v35.i6.3098 · Cited by 11
Development of Whole-Grain Rice Lines Exhibiting Low and Intermediate Glycemic Index with Decreased Amylose Content
Ruengphayak, S., Chaichoompu, E., Wattanavanitchakorn, S., Wansuksri, R., Yonkoksung, U., Suklaew, P. O., Chotineeranat, S., Raungrusmee, S., Vanavichit, A., Toojinda, T., et al. (2024) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods13223627 · Cited by 11
Calidad de cocción, aceptabilidad e índice glicémico de pasta larga enriquecida con leguminosas
Granito, M., Pérez, S., & Valero, Y. (2014) · Revista chilena de nutrición · doi:10.4067/s0717-75182014000400012 · Cited by 11
Glycaemic responses of staple S outh A sian foods alone and combined with curried chicken as a mixed meal
George, R., García, A. L., & Edwards, C. A. (2014) · Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1111/jhn.12232 · Cited by 11
Neither low salivary amylase activity, cooling cooked white rice, nor single nucleotide polymorphisms in starch-digesting enzymes reduce glycemic index or starch digestibility: a randomized, crossover trial in healthy adults
Wolever, T. M. S., El‐Sohemy, A., Ezatagha, A., Zurbau, A., & Jenkins, A. L. (2021) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqab228 · Cited by 12
Self-citation
Glucose variability: A physiological correlate of eating disorder behaviors among individuals with binge-spectrum eating disorders
Presseller, E., Patarinski, A. G. G., Zhang, F., Page, K., Srivastava, P., Manasse, S., & Juarascio, A. (2022) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.23838 · Cited by 13
Mature green plantain-amaranth flour inclusion improved wheat bread nutrients, antioxidant activities, glycemic index/load and carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzyme inhibitory activities
Olugbuyi, A. O., Adepeju, A. B., Ayodele, B. O., & Oluwajuyitan, T. D. (2023) · Food Chemistry Advances · doi:10.1016/j.focha.2023.100455 · Cited by 11
Randomized Clinical Trial in Healthy Individuals on the Effect of Viscous Fiber Blend on Glucose Tolerance When Incorporated in Capsules or into the Carbohydrate or Fat Component of the Meal
Jenkins, A. L., Morgan, L., Bishop, J., Jovanovski, E., & Vuksan, V. V. V. (2014) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2014.905762 · Cited by 11
Self-citation
Glucose regulation is associated with attentional control performances in nondiabetic older adults
Gagnon, C., Greenwood, C. E., & Bherer, L. (2011) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803395.2011.589372 · Cited by 11
The extraction, identification and quantification of hypoglycemic active ingredients from stinging nettle (Urtica angustifolia)
Haiyue, Z., XiaoJuan, Y., Jiang, Y., Yongshuang, H., & Zhou, Y. (2011) · AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY · doi:10.5897/ajb10.1981 · Cited by 11
Nutritional value and glycemic index of Bario rice varieties.
Nicholas, D. J. D., Hazila, K. K., Chua, H. P., & Rosniyana, A. (2014) · Simulating the effects of changing planting date towards rice production in MADA area Malaysia · Cited by 11
Predicted Glycemic Index and Glycemic Index of Rice Varieties Grown in Taiwan
Lai, M., Liu, K., Chen, P., Ke, N., Chen, J.-J., Sung, J. M., Wu, Y., & Lin, S. (2015) · Cereal Chemistry · doi:10.1094/cchem-07-15-0144-r · Cited by 12
CONSENSO SOBRE BEBIDAS PARA EL DEPORTISTA. COMPOSICIÓN Y PAUTAS DE REPOSICIÓN DE LÍQUIDOS
Franco, L. (2008) · Hispana · Cited by 11
In vitro Starch Digestibility and Nutritional Composition of Improved Rice Varieties from Cameroun
Odenigbo, A. M. (2013) · European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety · doi:10.9734/ejnfs/2013/5096 · Cited by 11
Clinical Characteristics and Associated Risk Factors of Prediabetes in the Southwestern Region of Korea from 2010–2019
Oh, M., Jung, S., Bae, E. J., Park, B., & Chae, S. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm9041114 · Cited by 11
Amino Acids Profile,Glyceamic Index/load, In-vitro Antioxidant and Sensory Attributes of Optimized Dough Meal from the Blends of Plantain, Soycake and Rice-bran Flours
Olugbuyi, A. O., Malomo, S. A., Ijarotimi, O. S., & Fagbemi, T. N. (2021) · Journal of Culinary Science & Technology · doi:10.1080/15428052.2021.2016530 · Cited by 12
Acute Effects of Split Pea-Enriched White Pan Bread on Postprandial Glycemic and Satiety Responses in Healthy Volunteers—A Randomized Crossover Trial
Fahmi, R., Blewett, H., Stebbing, J.-A., Olson, N., Ryland, D., & Aliani, M. (2022) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods11071002 · Cited by 11
The Zone Diet: An Anti-Inflammatory, Low Glycemic-Load Diet
Sears, B., & Bell, S. J. (2004) · Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders · doi:10.1089/1540419041978854 · Cited by 11
Efeitos do índice glicêmico no balanço energético
Guttierres, A. P. M., & Alfenas, R. D. C. G. (2007) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia · doi:10.1590/s0004-27302007000300005 · Cited by 11
Measuring glycaemic responses: duplicate fasting samples or duplicate measures of one fasting sample?
Wolever, T. M. S., Ip, B. C., & Moghaddam, E. (2006) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/bjn20061914 · Cited by 11
Self-citation
Alcohol and postexercise metabolic responses in type 2 diabetes
Rasmussen, B. M., Christiansen, C. F., Rasmussen, O., Hansen, C. P., & Hermansen, K. (1999) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s0026-0495(99)90057-4 · Cited by 11
Nutrient Composition and Predicted Glycemic Index of Rice Varieties from Nigeria
Odenigbo, A. M. (2014) · British Journal of Applied Science & Technology · doi:10.9734/bjast/2014/6203 · Cited by 12
Calorically restricted diets decrease PCSK9 in overweight adolescents
Levenson, A. E., Milliren, C. E., Biddinger, S. B., Ebbeling, C. B., Feldman, H. A., Ludwig, D. S., & de Ferranti, S. D. (2017) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2016.12.010 · Cited by 11
Position of the American Dietetic Association: Nutrition monitoring of the home parenteral and enteral patient
Davey-McCrae, J., Raymond, J. L., Udine, L. M., Lysen, L. K., & Ireton-Jones, C. S. (1994) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/0002-8223(94)90170-8 · Cited by 11
Glycemic index of dietary formula may not be predictive of postprandial endothelial inflammation: a double-blinded, randomized, crossover study in non-diabetic subjects
Lee, E., Kim, J. Y., Kim, D. R., Kim, K. S., Kim, M. K., & Kwon, O. (2013) · Nutrition Research and Practice · doi:10.4162/nrp.2013.7.4.302 · Cited by 10
Association between dietary glycemic index and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Salavatizadeh, M., Soltanieh, S., Kachouei, A. A., Fallahi, Z., Kord‐Varkaneh, H., Poustchi, H., Mansour, A., Khamseh, M. E., Alaei-Shahmiri, F., Santos, H. O., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1228072 · Cited by 11
Structuring white rice with gellan gum reduces the glycemic response in healthy humans
Alshammari, N. A., Riches, K. R., Muttakin, S., Hoad, C. L., Štrkalj, L., Gouseti, O., Bakalis, S., Lovegrove, A., Spiller, R. E., Gowland, P. A., et al. (2024) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2024.115090 · Cited by 10
Heritage to health: The socio-cultural and health impacts of traditional ethnic foods in Saudi Arabian society
Mir, M. A., Hefni, D., & Chauhan, N. (2025) · Food Chemistry Advances · doi:10.1016/j.focha.2025.100927 · Cited by 10
Glycemic indices of dates “Ramadan Symbolic Food” in patients with type 2 diabetes using continuous glucose monitoring system
Khalil, S. A., Amin, N. G., Ibrahim, A. M., Zaky, D. Z., & Bishay, M. M. (2020) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108563 · Cited by 10
Sex-specific effects of maternal dietary carbohydrate quality on fetal development and offspring metabolic phenotype in mice
Campbell, G. J., Fisher, S. L., Brandon, A. E., Senior, A. M., & Bell-Anderson, K. S. (2022) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.917880 · Cited by 10
Glycemic index and glycemic load in relation to glucose intolerance among Greenland's Inuit population
van Aerde, M. A., Witte, D. R., Jeppesen, C., Soedamah‐Muthu, S. S., Bjerregaard, P., & Jørgensen, M. E. (2012) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2012.05.005 · Cited by 11
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Update and Review of Literature
Cheung, K. W., & Wong, S.-N. (2018) · Reproductive System & Sexual Disorders · doi:10.4172/2161-038x.s2-008 · Cited by 10

Authors: Wolever, T., Jenkins, D., Jenkins, A., & Josse, R.
Affiliations: St. Michael's Hospital (CA)
Venue: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1991-11
Volume: 54
Issue: 5
Pages: 846-854
ISSN: 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/54.5.846
OpenAlex: W1962752397
Cited by: 1,168
References: 58
Citations by year: 2026: 16 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 43 · 2014: 50 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 54
FWCI: 1.65
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
Keywords: glycemic index, glycemic response, low glycemic index diet, glycemic control, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, insulin secretion, hypertriglyceridemia, serum lipids
MeSH terms: Blood Glucose, Blood Specimen Collection, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Dietary Fats, Dietary Proteins, Fasting, Food, Humans, Methods, Models, Biological, Reference Standards, Time Factors

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The glycemic index: methodology and clinical implications

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks