Glycemic index: overview of implications in health and disease,,,
Open accessAbstract
The glycemic index concept is an extension of the fiber hypothesis, suggesting that fiber consumption reduces the rate of nutrient influx from the gut. The glycemic index has particular relevance to those chronic Western diseases associated with central obesity and insulin resistance. Early studies showed that starchy carbohydrate foods have very different effects on postprandial blood glucose and insulin responses in healthy and diabetic subjects, depending on the rate of digestion. A range of factors associated with food consumption was later shown to alter the rate of glucose absorption and subsequent glycemia and insulinemia. At this stage, systematic documentation of the differences that exist among carbohydrate foods was considered essential. The resulting glycemic index classification of foods provided a numeric physiologic classification of relevant carbohydrate foods in the prevention and treatment of diseases such as diabetes. Since then, low-glycemic-index diets have been shown to lower urinary C-peptide excretion in healthy subjects, improve glycemic control in diabetic subjects, and reduce serum lipids in hyperlipidemic subjects. Furthermore, consumption of low-glycemicindex diets has been associated with higher HDL-cholesterol concentrations and, in large cohort studies, with decreased risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Case-control studies have also shown positive associations between dietary glycemic index and the risk of colon and breast cancers. Despite inconsistencies in the data, sufficient, positive findings have emerged to suggest that the dietary glycemic index is of potential importance in the treatment and prevention of chronic diseases.
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- Authors
- Jenkins, D. J., Kendall, C. W., Augustin, L. S., Franceschi, S., Hamidi, M., Marchie, A., Jenkins, A. L., & Axelsen, M.
- Affiliations
- St. Michael's Hospital (CA)
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-07
- Volume
- 76
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 266S-273S
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2097392646
- Cited by
- 379
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 6.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- glycemic index, low glycemic index diet, dietary fiber, postprandial blood glucose, insulin response, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, HDL cholesterol, cardiovascular disease, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, chronic disease prevention, C-peptide
- MeSH terms
- Blood Glucose, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Dietary Carbohydrates, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, Food, Humans, Insulin, Kinetics, Neoplasms
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