Concurrent physical activity increases fat oxidation during the shift to a high-fat diet
Open accessAbstract
Background It takes several days to adapt to a high-fat diet. In an earlier study, we observed a large degree of interindividual variation in the capacity to adapt to a high-fat diet. We hypothesized that concurrent physical activity would accelerate fat oxidation during an isoenergetic high-fat diet.Objective The objective of this study was to determine the effect of increased physical activity on the ability of young healthy men to increase fat oxidation during the shift to a high-fat diet.Design Six young healthy men participated in a randomized, single-blind crossover study. The volunteers consumed a diet contributing 37% of energy as fat, 14% as protein, and 49% as carbohydrate for 4 d. Energy expenditure and macronutrient balance were then measured in a respiration chamber as the energy content of the isoenergetic diet was changed to 50% fat, 14% protein, and 36% carbohydrate. Treadmill walking, as the physical activity, was used to increase total daily energy expenditure to 1.8 times the resting metabolic rate during 1 of 2 stays in the metabolic chamber. Total daily energy expenditure was maintained at 1.4 times the resting metabolic rate for the other stay.Results Energy balance was not significantly different between the 2 conditions. The 24-h respiratory quotient decreased more rapidly and to a greater extent under conditions of increased energy expenditure. Further, there was a decrease in the interindividual variability in the response of the respiratory quotient to a high-fat diet with increased energy expenditure (physical activity). Cumulative carbohydrate and protein balances were greater under conditions of increased physical activity. Conversely, cumulative fat balance was greater under sedentary conditions.Conclusion Concurrent physical activity increases fat oxidation during the shift to a high-fat diet.
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Fatty acid flux through the muscle was increased in these subjects, as demonstrated by a decrease in 24-h respiratory quotient to match fat intake.
“fatty acid flux through the muscle is by necessity increased in these subjects as demonstrated by a decrease in 24-h respiratory quotient (data not shown) to match fat intake in this experimental paradigm (14).”
From A High-Fat Diet Coordinately Downregulates Genes Required for Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation in Skeletal Muscle (2005) · cites this paper as [14]
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- Authors
- Smith, S. R., de Jonge, L., Zachwieja, J. J., Roy, H., Nguyen, T., Rood, J., Windhauser, M., Volaufova, J., & Bray, G. A.
- Affiliations
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2000-07
- Volume
- 72
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 131-138
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1955720229
- Cited by
- 81
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 1.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Diet and metabolism studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Keywords
- high-fat diet, fat oxidation, physical activity, treadmill walking, energy expenditure, respiratory quotient, dietary adaptation, macronutrient balance, interindividual variability, energy balance, fat balance
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Physiological, Adult, Body Composition, Dietary Fats, Energy Metabolism, Exercise Test, Humans, Male, Oxidation-Reduction, Reference Values, Respiration, Rest, Exercise, Single-Blind Method, Cross-Over Studies
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