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Cited by 208Regulation of Appetite and ObesityObesity, Physical Activity, DietBariatric Surgery and Outcomes

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 46 of the 46 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Do adaptive changes in metabolic rate favor weight regain in weight-reduced individuals? An examination of the set-point theory

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Weinsier, Roland L, Nagy, Tim R, Hunter, Gary R, Darnell, Betty E, Hensrud, Donald D, Weiss, Heidi L·2000·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
DOI 10.1093/ajcn/72.5.1088
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Abstract

Background Obese persons generally regain lost weight, suggesting that adaptive metabolic changes favor return to a preset weight.Objective Our objective was to determine whether adaptive changes in resting metabolic rate (RMR) and thyroid hormones occur in weight-reduced persons, predisposing them to long-term weight gain.Design Twenty-four overweight, postmenopausal women were studied at a clinical research center in four 10-d study phases: the overweight state (phase 1, energy balance; phase 2, 3350 kJ/d) and after reduction to a normal-weight state (phase 3, 3350 kJ/d; phase 4, energy balance). Weight-reduced women were matched with 24 never-overweight control subjects. After each study phase, assessments included RMR (by indirect calorimetry), body composition (by hydrostatic weighing), serum triiodothyronine (T(3)), and reverse T(3) (rT(3)). Body weight was measured 4 y later, without intervention.Results Body composition-adjusted RMR and T(3):rT(3) fell during acute (phase 2) and chronic (phase 3) energy restriction (P: < 0.01), but returned to baseline in the normal-weight, energy-balanced state (phase 4; mean weight loss: 12.9 +/- 2.0 kg). RMR among weight-reduced women (4771 +/- 414 kJ/d) was not significantly different from that in control subjects (4955 +/- 414 kJ/d; P: = 0.14), and lower RMR did not predict greater 4-y weight regain (r = 0.27, NS).Conclusions Energy restriction produces a transient hypothyroid-hypometabolic state that normalizes on return to energy-balanced conditions. Failure to establish energy balance after weight loss gives the misleading impression that weight-reduced persons are energy conservative and predisposed to weight regain. Our findings do not provide evidence in support of adaptive metabolic changes as an explanation for the tendency of weight-reduced persons to regain weight.

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Crossref · 10.1093/ajcn/72.5.1088

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  1. Goldman, 1961, Underwater weighing and body density: a review of procedures, 78

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Metadata

Authors
Weinsier, R. L., Nagy, T. R., Hunter, G. R., Darnell, B. E., Hensrud, D. D., & Weiss, H. L.
Affiliations
Mayo Clinic (US)
Corresponding author
Weinsier, Roland L
ORCID
Venue
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2000-11
Volume
72
Issue
5
Pages
1088-1094
ISSN
0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1093/ajcn/72.5.1088
OpenAlex
W2140683236
Cited by
208
References
46
Citations by year
2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 15
FWCI
2.22
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (1r01dk038491-01a1, 5r01hl032098-03)
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL32098)
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK-49779, DK38491, R01DK049779)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Bariatric Surgery and Outcomes
Keywords
weight regain, set-point theory, resting metabolic rate, caloric restriction, thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine, reverse T3, postmenopausal women, obesity, energy balance, body composition, hypometabolism
MeSH terms
Aged, Basal Metabolism, Body Composition, Energy Intake, Calorimetry, Indirect, Diet, Reducing, Female, Humans, Kinetics, Middle Aged, Models, Biological, Obesity, Triiodothyronine, Triiodothyronine, Reverse, Weight Gain, Weight Loss, Body Mass Index, Postmenopause

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