Factors influencing variation in basal metabolic rate include fat-free mass, fat mass, age, and circulating thyroxine but not sex, circulating leptin, or triiodothyronine
Open accessAbstract
Background Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the largest component of daily energy demand in Western societies. Previous studies indicated that BMR is highly variable, but the cause of this variation is disputed. All studies agree that variation in fat-free mass (FFM) plays a major role, but effects of fat mass (FM), age, sex, and the hormones leptin, triiodothyrionine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) remain uncertain.Objective We partitioned the variance in BMR into within- and between-subject effects and explored the roles of FFM, FM, bone mineral content, sex, age, and circulating concentrations of plasma leptin, T3, and T4.Design This was a cross-sectional study of 150 white adults from northeast Scotland, United Kingdom.Results Only 2% of the observed variability in BMR was attributable to within-subject effects, of which 0.5% was analytic error. Of the remaining variance, which reflected between-subject effects, 63% was explained by FFM, 6% by FM, and 2% by age. The effects of sex and bone mineral content were not significant (P > 0.05). Twenty-six percent of the variance remained unexplained. This variation was not associated with concentrations of circulating leptin or T3. T4 was not significant in women but explained 25% of the residual variance in men.Conclusions Our data confirm that both FFM and FM are significant contributors to BMR. When the effect of FM on BMR is removed, any association with leptin concentrations disappears, which suggests that previous links between circulating leptin concentrations and BMR occurred only because of inadequate control for the effects of FM.
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Elevated plasma concentrations of T4 are associated with increased BMR.
“A recent study demonstrated that elevated plasma concentrations of T4 were associated with increased BMR.”
From Diet and physical exercise as key players to tackle MASLD through improvement of insulin resistance and metabolic flexibility (2024) · cites this paper as [23]
Exercise, height, general weight, age, and circulating thyroid hormones are influential in modulating BMR.
“Additional factors that have emerged in the literature as influential in modulating BMR include exercise, height, general weight, age, and circulating thyroid hormones (23).”
From Diet and physical exercise as key players to tackle MASLD through improvement of insulin resistance and metabolic flexibility (2024) · cites this paper as [23]
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- Authors
- Johnstone, A. M., Murison, S. D., Duncan, J. S., Rance, K. A., & Speakman, J. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Aberdeen (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Johnstone, Alexandra M
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-11
- Volume
- 82
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 941-948
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2132499198
- Cited by
- 514
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 60 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 3.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Keywords
- basal metabolic rate, fat-free mass, fat mass, age, sex differences, bone mineral content, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, leptin, daily energy expenditure
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Adult, Age Factors, Basal Metabolism, Body Composition, Body Constitution, Calorimetry, Indirect, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Oxygen Consumption, Scotland, Sex Factors, Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine, Absorptiometry, Photon, Muscle, Skeletal, Leptin
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