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Cited by 256Child Nutrition and Water AccessIron Metabolism and DisordersTrace Elements in Health

Iron and zinc supplementation promote motor development and exploratory behavior among Bangladeshi infants

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Black, Maureen M, Baqui, Abdullah H, Zaman, K, Ake Persson, Lars, El Arifeen, Shams, Le, Katherine, McNary, Scot W, Parveen, Monowara +2 more·2004·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
DOI 10.1093/ajcn/80.4.903
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Abstract

Background Iron and zinc deficiency are prevalent during infancy in low-income countries.Objectives The objectives were to examine whether a weekly supplement of iron, zinc, iron+zinc, or a micronutrient mix (MM) of 16 vitamins and minerals would alter infant development and behavior.Design The participants were 221 infants from rural Bangladesh at risk of micronutrient deficiencies. Development and behavior were evaluated at 6 and 12 mo of age by using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II and the Home Observation Measurement of Environment (HOME) scale. In this double-blind trial, the infants were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 treatment conditions: iron (20 mg), zinc (20 mg), iron+zinc, MM (16 vitamins and minerals, including iron and zinc), or riboflavin weekly from 6 to 12 mo. Multivariate analyses were conducted to examine the change in development and behavior for each supplementation group, with control for maternal education, HOME score, months breastfed, anemia, growth at 6 mo, and change in growth from 6 to 12 mo.Results Iron and zinc administered together and with other micronutrients had a beneficial effect on infant motor development. Iron and zinc administered individually and in combination had a beneficial effect on orientation-engagement. Two-thirds of the infants were mildly anemic, no treatment effects on hemoglobin concentration were observed, and hemoglobin was not associated with measures of development or behavior.Conclusion The beneficial effects of weekly iron and zinc supplementation on motor development and orientation-engagement suggest that infants benefit from these minerals when administered together.

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  • Early-life iron deficiency impairs cognition, motor development, social orientation and engagement, and language development, with improvements observed upon iron supplementation.

    “Iron de fi ciency early in life has been shown to impair cognition, motor development, social orientation and engagement, and language development, with improvements being observed upon iron supplementation (15 -19).”

    From Maternal Intake of Supplemental Iron and Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder (2014) · cites this paper as [16]

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Authors
Black, M. M., Baqui, A. H., Zaman, K., Ake Persson, L., El Arifeen, S., Le, K., McNary, S. W., Parveen, M., Hamadani, J. D., & Black, R. E.
Affiliations
University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
ORCID
Venue
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2004-10
Volume
80
Issue
4
Pages
903-910
ISSN
0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1093/ajcn/80.4.903
OpenAlex
W1880884476
Cited by
256
References
39
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 6
FWCI
10.92
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Child Nutrition and Water Access
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Iron Metabolism and Disorders
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Trace Elements in Health
Keywords
infant iron supplementation, infant motor development, exploratory behavior, infant anemia, hemoglobin, infant development, infant behavior, low-income infants, Bangladesh
MeSH terms
Bangladesh, Child Development, Double-Blind Method, Drug Combinations, Drug Synergism, Exploratory Behavior, Female, Growth, Humans, Infant, Infant Nutrition Disorders, Male, Psychomotor Performance, Riboflavin, Rural Population, Zinc, Infant Behavior, Anemia, Iron-Deficiency, Micronutrients, Iron, Dietary, Dietary Supplements

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