Whole-grain and fiber intakes and periodontitis risk in men
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Background Diabetes and hyperglycemia increase periodontitis risk, severity, and extent. Increased whole-grain and fiber intakes are associated with improved insulin sensitivity and may therefore affect periodontitis risk.Objective The objective was to examine the associations between whole-grain and fiber intakes and periodontitis risk.Design We prospectively followed 34,160 male US health professionals aged 40-75 y at the outset. We updated medical and lifestyle information biennially with questionnaires and diet every 4 y by using a validated food-frequency questionnaire. We excluded men reporting periodontitis, myocardial infarction, stroke, and hypercholesterolemia before 1986 and those with incomplete dietary data. All diabetics were excluded. Periodontitis was determined by a report of professionally diagnosed disease and validated by a diagnosis of periodontitis by a periodontist from a blinded review of radiographs.Results Men in the highest quintile of whole-grain intake were 23% less likely to get periodontitis than were those in the lowest quintile (multivariate RR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.66, 0.89; P for trend < 0.001) after adjustment for age, smoking, body mass index, alcohol intake, physical activity, and total energy intake. Periodontitis was not associated with refined-grain intake (multivariate RR comparing extreme quintiles of intake: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.89, 1.23; P for trend = 0.37). Cereal fiber was inversely related to periodontitis risk (multivariate RR comparing extreme quintiles of intake: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.73, 0.99; P for trend = 0.03), but the association was not significant after adjustment for whole-grain intake.Conclusion Increasing whole grain in the diet without increasing total energy intake may reduce periodontitis risk.
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Consumption of high-glycemic foods alone might increase gingival and periodontal inflammation and bleeding.
“Recent evidence suggests that consumption of high-glycemic foods alone might increase gingival and periodontal inflammation and bleeding as well, while a diet abundant in complex carbohydrates, with no increase in total energy intake, may lower the risk of gingivitis and periodontitis [72,73,74,75,76,77].”
From A Cross-Talk between Diet and the Oral Microbiome: Balance of Nutrition on Inflammation and Immune System’s Response during Periodontitis (2022) · cites this paper as [77]
A diet abundant in complex carbohydrates, with no increase in total energy intake, may lower the risk of gingivitis and periodontitis.
“Recent evidence suggests that consumption of high-glycemic foods alone might increase gingival and periodontal inflammation and bleeding as well, while a diet abundant in complex carbohydrates, with no increase in total energy intake, may lower the risk of gingivitis and periodontitis [72,73,74,75,76,77].”
From A Cross-Talk between Diet and the Oral Microbiome: Balance of Nutrition on Inflammation and Immune System’s Response during Periodontitis (2022) · cites this paper as [77]
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- Authors
- Merchant, A. T., Pitiphat, W., Franz, M., & Joshipura, K. J.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Merchant, Anwar T
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-06
- Volume
- 83
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1395-1400
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2110152463
- Cited by
- 92
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 4.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL035464, HL35464)
- National Cancer Institute (CA-55075)
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (DE-12102, R01DE012102)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
- Keywords
- periodontitis, whole grains, dietary fiber, cereal fiber, refined grains, insulin sensitivity, diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia, men, diet and oral health
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Edible Grain, Diet, Diet Surveys, Dietary Fiber, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Periodontitis, Risk Factors
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