Effect of lifestyle intervention on metabolic coronary heart disease risk factors in obese older adults
Open accessAbstract
Background Coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors increase with age and body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2). However, whether lifestyle intervention ameliorates metabolic CHD risk factors in obese older adults is unknown.Objective The objective was to determine whether lifestyle intervention improves metabolic CHD risk factors in obese older adults.Design A 6-mo outpatient randomized controlled trial was conducted in obese (BMI >or= 30) older (>or=65 y) adults randomly assigned to diet and exercise therapy (treatment group; n = 17) or no therapy (control group; n = 10). The main outcomes were CHD risk factors.Results Body weight decreased by 8.4% (8.2 kg) in the treatment group; weight did not change significantly (0.7 kg) in the control group (P < 0.001 between groups). Changes between the control and treatment groups, respectively, in waist circumference (1 and -10 cm), plasma glucose (4 and -4 mg/dL), serum triacylglycerols (0 and -45 mg/dL), and systolic (-2 and -10 mm Hg) and diastolic (0 and -8 mm Hg) blood pressure were different (P < 0.05 for all). The number of subjects with the metabolic syndrome decreased by 59% in the treatment group but did not change significantly in the control group (P < 0.05). Serum free fatty acids increased by 10 micromol/L in the control group and decreased by 99 micromol/L in the treatment group (P < 0.05). Changes between the control and treatment groups, respectively, in C-reactive protein (0.8 and -2.5 mg/L) and interleukin 6 (1.6 and -2.4 pg/mL) were different (P < 0.05 for both).Conclusions Lifestyle intervention decreases multiple metabolic CHD risk factors simultaneously in obese older adults.
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In response to a 6-month randomized diet and exercise intervention, levels of C-reactive protein and IL-6 decreased in older adults (age ≥65 years) with obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) compared with controls (−2.5 versus 0.8 mg/l (P < 0.05) and −2.4 versus 1.6 pg/ml (P < 0.05), respectively).
“levels of C-reactive protein and IL-6 decreased in older adults (age ≥65 years) with obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) compared with controls (−2.5 versus 0.8 mg/l (P < 0.05) and −2.4 versus 1.6 pg/ml (P < 0.05), respectively)300”
From Sarcopenic obesity in older adults: aetiology, epidemiology and treatment strategies (2018) · cites this paper as [300]
One randomised controlled trial demonstrated improved cardiometabolic risk markers in older adults losing 8% body weight from baseline with energy-restriction and exercise versus placebo.
“One RCT demonstrated improved cardiometabolic risk markers in older adults losing 8% body weight from baseline with energy-restriction and exercise (vs. placebo) [61].”
From Obesity pharmacotherapy in older adults: a narrative review of evidence (2025) · cites this paper as [61]
Many studies have shown that weight loss improves blood pressure, diabetes, sleep apnea, hyperlipidemia, and sympathetic/parasympathetic tone.
“Many studies have shown that weight loss improves blood pressure, diabetes, sleep apnea, hyperlipidemia, and sympathetic/parasympathetic tone (196, 284, 324, 365).”
From Cardiac remodeling in obesity (2008) · cites this paper as [365]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Villareal, D. T., Miller, B. V., Banks, M., Fontana, L., Sinacore, D. R., & Klein, S.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Villareal, Dennis T
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-12
- Volume
- 84
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1317-1323
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2157942865
- Cited by
- 235
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 13.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCLA - Biblioteca de Ciencias de la Salud (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (7r01ag025501-06, RR‐00036, DK56341, DK020579, AG00078)
- National Institute on Aging (AG2116401, AG 00078, AG-025501)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK37948, DK56341, R01DK037948, DK‐020579, P30DK056341)
- National Center for Research Resources (K23RR016191, RR.00036, RR016191)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Keywords
- lifestyle intervention, coronary risk factors, obesity, older adults, diet and exercise therapy, metabolic syndrome, weight loss, waist circumference, blood pressure, plasma glucose, triglycerides, free fatty acids, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, inflammation
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Aged, Analysis of Variance, Blood Glucose, Blood Pressure, C-Reactive Protein, Coronary Disease, Diet, Reducing, Female, Health Status, Humans, Life Style, Male, Obesity, Risk Factors, Weight Loss, Exercise, Interleukin-6, Body Mass Index, Treatment Outcome, Area Under Curve, Metabolic Syndrome, Lipid Metabolism
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