l-Carnitine treatment reduces severity of physical and mental fatigue and increases cognitive functions in centenarians: a randomized and controlled clinical trial

“Mini-mental state”

Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6 · Cited by 88,282

The Fatigue Severity Scale: Application to Patients With Multiple Sclerosis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Krupp, L. B. (1989) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1989.00520460115022 · Cited by 6,172

A Mitochondrial Paradigm of Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, Aging, and Cancer: A Dawn for Evolutionary Medicine

Wallace, D. C. (2005) · Annual Review of Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev.genet.39.110304.095751 · Cited by 3,185

Studies of Illness in the Aged: The Index of ADL: A Standardized Measure of Biological and Psychosocial Function

Katz, S. (1963) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1963.03060120024016 · Cited by 2,421

World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: Recommendations Guiding Physicians in Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects

(1997) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1997.03540350075038 · Cited by 1,023

Memory loss in old rats is associated with brain mitochondrial decay and RNA/DNA oxidation: Partial reversal by feeding acetyl- l -carnitine and/or R -α-lipoic acid

Liu, J., Head, E., Gharib, A., Yuan, W., Ingersoll, R. T., Hagen, T. M., Cotman, C. W., & Ames, B. N. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.261709299 · Cited by 504

Fatigue syndromes: a comparison of chronic "postviral" fatigue with neuromuscular and affective disorders.

Wessely, S. C., & Powell, R. (1989) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.52.8.940 · Cited by 478

A method for the determination of carnitine in the picomole range

Cederblad, G., & Lindstedt, S. (1972) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/0009-8981(72)90438-x · Cited by 457

Acetyl-L-carnitine physical-chemical, metabolic, and therapeutic properties: relevance for its mode of action in Alzheimer's disease and geriatric depression

Pettegrew, J. W., Levine, J., & McClure, R. J. (2000) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4000805 · Cited by 304

Carnitine metabolism in the fasting rat.

Brass, E. P., & Hoppel, C. L. (1978) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(17)40875-1 · Cited by 302

Acetyl- l -carnitine fed to old rats partially restores mitochondrial function and ambulatory activity

Hagen, T. M., Ingersoll, R. T., Wehr, C. M., Lykkesfeldt, J., Vinarsky, V., Bartholomew, J. C., Song, M. H., & Ames, B. N. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.16.9562 · Cited by 252

Meta-analysis of double blind randomized controlled clinical trials of acetyl-L-carnitine versus placebo in the treatment of mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer??s disease

Montgomery, S. A., Thal, L. J., & Amrein, R. (2003) · International Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/00004850-200303000-00001 · Cited by 209

Role of carnitine esters in brain neuropathology

Virmani, A. (2004) · Molecular Aspects of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.mam.2004.06.003 · Cited by 169

Successful aging in centenarians: myths and reality

Motta, M., Bennati, E., Ferlito, L., Malaguarnera, M., & Motta, L. (2004) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2004.09.002 · Cited by 154

Carnitine and acylcarnitine metabolism during exercise in humans. Dependence on skeletal muscle metabolic state.

Hiatt, W. R., Regensteiner, J. G., Wolfel, E. E., Ruff, L. J., & Brass, E. P. (1989) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci114281 · Cited by 153

Comparison of the Effects of l‐Carnitine and Acetyl‐l‐Carnitine on Carnitine Levels, Ambulatory Activity, and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in the Brain of Old Rats

Liu, J., Head, E., Kuratsune, H., Cotman, C. W., & Ames, B. N. (2004) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1320.011 · Cited by 120

Effect of aging and acetyl‐ l ‐carnitine on the activity of cytochrome oxidase and adenine nucleotide translocase in rat heart mitochondria

Paradies, G., Ruggiero, F. M., Petrosillo, G., Gadaleta, M. N., & Quagliariello, E. (1994) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/0014-5793(94)00763-2 · Cited by 101

Influence of L-carnitine administration on maximal physical exercise

Vecchiet, L., Lisa, F. D., Pieralisi, G., Ripari, P., Menabò, R., Giamberardino, M. A., & Siliprandi, N. (1990) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/bf00236072 · Cited by 100

Effect of L-Carnitine Treatment on Lipid Metabolism and Cardiac Performance in Chronically Diabetic Rats

Rodrigues, B. B., Hong, X., & McNeill, J. H. (1988) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.37.10.1358 · Cited by 98

Uncoupling of contractile function from mitochondrial TCA cycle activity and MVO2 during reperfusion of ischemic hearts

Liu, B., Alaoui-Talibi, Z. E., Clanachan, A. S., Schulz, R., & Lopaschuk, G. D. (1996) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.1996.270.1.h72 · Cited by 97

The use of the New york heart association's classification of cardiovascular disease as part of the patient's complete problem list

Hurst, J. W., Morris, D. C., & Alexander, R. W. (1999) · Clinical Cardiology · doi:10.1002/clc.4960220604 · Cited by 96

Levocarnitine Administration in Elderly Subjects with Rapid Muscle Fatigue

Pistone, G., Marino, A. D., Leotta, C., Dell'Arte, S., Finocchiaro, G., & Malaguarnera, M. (2003) · Drugs & Aging · doi:10.2165/00002512-200320100-00004 · Cited by 86

The effect of aging and acetyl‐L‐carnitine on the pyruvate transport andoxidation in rat heart mitochondria

Paradies, G., Petrosillo, G., Gadaleta, M. N., & Ruggiero, F. M. (1999) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(99)00809-1 · Cited by 84

Overview of coenzyme A metabolism and its role in cellular toxicity

Brass, E. P. (1994) · Chemico-Biological Interactions · doi:10.1016/0009-2797(94)90010-8 · Cited by 83

Effect of intravenous L-carnitine on carnitine homeostasis and fuel metabolism during exercise in humans

Brass, E. P., Hoppel, C. L., & Hiatt, W. R. (1994) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1038/clpt.1994.85 · Cited by 75

Muscle carnitine deficiency in patients with severe peripheral vascular disease.

Brevetti, G., Angelini, C. I., Rosa, M., Carrozzo, R., Perna, S., Corsi, M., Matarazzo, A., & Marcialis, A. (1991) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.84.4.1490 · Cited by 70

Carnitine - a known compound, a novel function in neural cells

Nałęcz, K. A., & Nałȩcz, M. J. (1996) · Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis · doi:10.55782/ane-1996-1165 · Cited by 60

Kinetics of carnitine‐dependent fatty acid oxidation

Long, C. S., Haller, R. G., Foster, D. W., & McGarry, J. (1982) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.32.6.663 · Cited by 55

Carnitine metabolism during exercise

Brass, E. P., & Hiatt, W. R. (1994) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/0024-3205(94)00593-1 · Cited by 46

Fatigue Severity Scale

Krupp, L., LaRocca, N. G., Muir-Nash, J., & Steinberg, A. D. (1989) · PsycTESTS Dataset · doi:10.1037/t25491-000 · Cited by 39

Transport and functions of carnitine in muscles.

Siliprandi, N., Di Lisa, F., Menabò, R., Ciman, M., & Sartorelli, L. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 19

L-carnitine Reduces Severity of Physical and Mental Fatigue and Improves Daily Activities in the Elderly

Malaguarnera, M., Mauro, A. D., Gargante, M. P., & Rampello, L. (2006) · Southern Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/01.smj.0000203331.26947.47 · Cited by 16

MYTHOLOGY AND MEDICINE

Malaguarnera, M., Pistone, G., & Motta, M. (1995) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.311.7013.1136 · Cited by 11

Serum Carnitine Levels in Centenarians

Malaguarnera, M., Pistone, G., Receputo, G., Rapisarda, R., Tomasello, F. B., Motta, M., & Maugeri, D. (1999) · Clinical Drug Investigation · doi:10.2165/00044011-199917040-00008 · Cited by 7

Correlation between the bone mass, psychometric performances, and the levels of autonomy and autosufficiency in an elderly Italian population above 80 years of age

Maugeri, D., SantʼAngelo, A., Abbate, S., Barbagallo, P., Lentini, A., Motta, M., Malaguarnera, M., Speciale, S., Testaì, M., & Panebianco, P. (2001) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/s0167-4943(01)00191-1 · Cited by 7

[Essential fatty acids: its transformations and functions].

Brenner, R. R. (1983) · PubMed · Cited by 3

Assessment of self-sufficiency in ultraoctagenerians

Malaguarnera, M., Pistone, G., Motta, M., Manto, P. C. L., & Fazio, I. D. (1996) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/0167-4943(96)86990-1 · Cited by 3

Fatigue and Fatigability in Older Adults

Eldadah, B. A. (2010) · PM&R · doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2010.03.022 · Cited by 262

Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Chronic Disease: Treatment With Natural Supplements.

Nicolson, G. L. (2014) · PubMed Central · Cited by 235

The mitochondrial free radical theory of ageing - Where do we stand?

Gruber, J. (2008) · Frontiers in bioscience · doi:10.2741/3174 · Cited by 171

Fatigue in multiple sclerosis – Insights into evaluation and management

Ayache, S. S., & Chalah, M. A. (2017) · Neurophysiologie Clinique · doi:10.1016/j.neucli.2017.02.004 · Cited by 163

Enzymology of the carnitine biosynthesis pathway

Strijbis, K., Vaz, F. M., & Distel, B. (2010) · IUBMB Life · doi:10.1002/iub.323 · Cited by 155

L-Carnitine treatment reduces severity of physical and mental fatigue and increases cognitive functions in centenarians: a randomized and

Malaguarnera, M., Cammalleri, L., Gargante, M. P., Vacante, M., Colonna, V., & Motta, M. (2007) · Cited by 1

Levocarnitine Administration in Elderly Subjects with Rapid Muscle Fatigue

Pistone, G., Marino, A. D., Leotta, C., Dell'Arte, S., Finocchiaro, G., & Malaguarnera, M. (2003) · Drugs & Aging · doi:10.2165/00002512-200320100-00004 · Cited by 86

Efecto de la suplementación de L-Carnitina en la naturaleza y severidad de la fatiga y en las funciones cognitivas en una población de ancianos

González, C. A. (2015) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas)

Acetyl l-carnitine (ALC) treatment in elderly patients with fatigue

Malaguarnera, M., Gargante, M. P., Cristaldi, E., Colonna, V., Messano, M., Koverech, A., Neri, S., Vacante, M., Cammalleri, L., & Motta, M. (2007) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2007.03.012 · Cited by 85

AGG-1728; No of Pages 10 Acetyl L-carnitine (ALC) treatment in elderly patients with fatigue

Michele Malaguarnera, A., Gargante, M. P., Erika Cristaldi, A., Valentina Colonna, A., Messano, M., Aleardo Koverech, B., Sergio Neri, C., Vacante, M., Lisa Cammalleri, D., & Massimo Motta, D. (2015)