Cited by 317Food composition and propertiesNutritional Studies and DietDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins

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The effects of a whole grain–enriched hypocaloric diet on cardiovascular disease risk factors in men and women with metabolic syndrome

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Katcher, Heather I, Legro, Richard S, Kunselman, Allen R, Gillies, Peter J, Demers, Laurence M, Bagshaw, Deborah M, Kris-Etherton, Penny M·2008·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

DOI 10.1093/ajcn/87.1.79

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Abstract

Background Whole-grain foods are associated in observational studies with a lower body mass index and lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, few clinical trials have tested whether incorporating whole grains into a hypocaloric diet increases weight loss and improves CVD risk factors.Objective The aim of this study was to determine whether including whole-grain foods in a hypocaloric (reduced by 500 kcal/d) diet enhances weight loss and improves CVD risk factors.Design Obese adults (25 M, 25 F) with metabolic syndrome were randomly assigned to receive dietary advice either to avoid whole-grain foods or to obtain all of their grain servings from whole grains for 12 wk. All participants were given the same dietary advice in other respects for weight loss.Results Body weight, waist circumference, and percentage body fat decreased significantly (P<0.001) in both groups over the study period, but there was a significantly (P=0.03) greater decrease in percentage body fat in the abdominal region in the whole-grain group than in the refined-grain group. C-reactive protein (CRP) decreased 38% in the whole-grain group independent of weight loss but was unchanged in the refined-grain group (P=0.01 for group x time interaction). Total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol decreased in both diet groups (P<0.05). Dietary fiber and magnesium intakes increased in the whole-grain but not the refined-grain group (P=0.007 and P<0.001, respectively, for group x time interaction).Conclusions Both hypocaloric diets were effective means of improving CVD risk factors with moderate weight loss. There were significantly (P<0.05) greater decreases in CRP and percentage body fat in the abdominal region in participants consuming whole grains than in those consuming refined grains.

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Authors: Katcher, H. I., Legro, R. S., Kunselman, A. R., Gillies, P. J., Demers, L. M., Bagshaw, D. M., & Kris-Etherton, P. M.
Affiliations: Pennsylvania State University (US)
DuPont (United States) (US)
ORCID: Legro, Richard S
Kunselman, Allen R
Venue: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2008-01
Volume: 87
Issue: 1
Pages: 79-90
ISSN: 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/87.1.79
OpenAlex: W2153232403
Cited by: 317
References: 51
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 27
FWCI: 20.35
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 5539 d)
Locations: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Center for Research Resources (M01 RR10732, C06RR016499, M01RR010732)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (K24 HD01476, K24HD001476)
Topics: Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Keywords: whole grains, hypocaloric diet, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular risk factors, weight loss, abdominal fat, C-reactive protein, cholesterol, dietary fiber, dietary magnesium, refined grains, obesity
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Body Composition, C-Reactive Protein, Cardiovascular Diseases, Edible Grain, Cholesterol, Diet, Reducing, Dietary Fiber, Female, Humans, Magnesium, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Risk Factors, Weight Loss, Body Mass Index, Treatment Outcome, Metabolic Syndrome, Abdominal Fat

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The effects of a whole grain–enriched hypocaloric diet on cardiovascular disease risk factors in men and women with metabolic syndrome

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