Night work and breast cancer risk among Norwegian nurses: assessment by different exposure metrics
Abstract
Associations between night work and breast cancer risk were investigated in a nested case-control study within a cohort of 49,402 Norwegian nurses. A total of 699 (74%) of the live cases diagnosed in 1990-2007 and 895 (65%) controls, cancer free at the time of sampling, were interviewed about work history and potential risk factors. The odds ratios for risk of breast cancer in relation to different exposure metrics were estimated by multivariate unconditional logistic regression models. No increase of risk was found after long duration of work by nurses working ≥3 night shifts per month. Small, nonsignificantly increased risks were observed for exposure to ≥30 years in hospitals or other institutions (odds ratio (OR) = 1.1), ≥12 years in schedules including night work (OR = 1.3), ≥1,007 night shifts during the lifetime (OR = 1.2), and lifetime average number of ≥4 night shifts per month (OR = 1.2). Nonsignificantly increased risks of breast cancer were observed in nurses who worked ≥5 years with ≥4 (OR = 1.4) and ≥5 (OR = 1.6) consecutive night shifts. Significantly increased risks were seen in nurses who worked ≥5 years with ≥6 consecutive night shifts (OR = 1.8, 95% confidence interval: 1.1, 2.8). The results suggest that risk may be related to number of consecutive night shifts.
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Further evidence for the association between shift work and breast cancer point toward exposure to light at night as causal factor.
“Further evidence for the association between shift work and breast cancer 101, 102, 103, 104, 105 point toward exposure to light at night as causal factor, but see 106.”
From The inner clock-Blue light sets the human rhythm (2019) · cites this paper as [102]
Observational studies consistently suggest positive associations of night shift work with cardiovascular disease and cancer risk.
“Observational studies consistently suggest positive associations of night shift work and cardiovascular disease (CVD)2 and cancer risk.3-18”
From Total and Cause-Specific Mortality of U.S. Nurses Working Rotating Night Shifts (2015) · cites this paper as [6]
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- Authors
- Lie, J.-A. S., Kjuus, H., Zienolddiny, S., Haugen, A., Stevens, R. G., & Kjaerheim, K.
- Affiliations
- National Institute of Occupational Health (NO)
- Venue
- American Journal of Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2011-03-31
- Volume
- 173
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1272-1279
- ISSN
- 0002-9262 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-6256
- OpenAlex
- W2164577216
- Cited by
- 168
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 23.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
- Keywords
- night work, breast cancer risk, nurses, night shift work, consecutive night shifts, exposure metrics, occupational exposure, shift work, cumulative exposure, hospital work
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Breast Neoplasms, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Norway, Nurses, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Work Schedule Tolerance, Cohort Studies, Body Mass Index, Case-Control Studies
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