Cited by 528Nutritional Studies and DietNutrition and Health StudiesStatistical Methods in Epidemiology

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Pooled Results From 5 Validation Studies of Dietary Self-Report Instruments Using Recovery Biomarkers for Energy and Protein Intake

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Freedman, Laurence S., Commins, John M., Moler, James E., Arab, Lenore, Baer, David J., Kipnis, Victor, Midthune, Douglas, Moshfegh, Alanna J., Neuhouser, Marian L., Prentice, Ross L., Schatzkin, Arthur, Spiegelman, Donna, Subar, Amy F., Tinker, Lesley F., Willett, Walter·2014·American Journal of Epidemiology

DOI 10.1093/aje/kwu116PMC PMC4082341

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Abstract

We pooled data from 5 large validation studies of dietary self-report instruments that used recovery biomarkers as references to clarify the measurement properties of food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) and 24-hour recalls. The studies were conducted in widely differing US adult populations from 1999 to 2009. We report on total energy, protein, and protein density intakes. Results were similar across sexes, but there was heterogeneity across studies. Using a FFQ, the average correlation coefficients for reported versus true intakes for energy, protein, and protein density were 0.21, 0.29, and 0.41, respectively. Using a single 24-hour recall, the coefficients were 0.26, 0.40, and 0.36, respectively, for the same nutrients and rose to 0.31, 0.49, and 0.46 when three 24-hour recalls were averaged. The average rate of under-reporting of energy intake was 28% with a FFQ and 15% with a single 24-hour recall, but the percentages were lower for protein. Personal characteristics related to under-reporting were body mass index, educational level, and age. Calibration equations for true intake that included personal characteristics provided improved prediction. This project establishes that FFQs have stronger correlations with truth for protein density than for absolute protein intake, that the use of multiple 24-hour recalls substantially increases the correlations when compared with a single 24-hour recall, and that body mass index strongly predicts under-reporting of energy and protein intakes.

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Authors: Freedman, L. S., Commins, J. M., Moler, J. E., Arab, L., Baer, D. J., Kipnis, V., Midthune, D., Moshfegh, A. J., Neuhouser, M. L., Prentice, R. L., Schatzkin, A., Spiegelman, D., Subar, A. F., Tinker, L. F., & Willett, W.
Affiliations: Sheba Medical Center (IL)
ORCID: Freedman, Laurence S.
Moler, James E.
Arab, Lenore
Baer, David J.
Midthune, Douglas
Moshfegh, Alanna J.
Neuhouser, Marian L.
Prentice, Ross L.
Spiegelman, Donna
Tinker, Lesley F.
Willett, Walter
Venue: American Journal of Epidemiology
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2014-06-10
Volume: 180
Issue: 2
Pages: 172-188
ISSN: 0002-9262 (ISSN-L)
1476-6256
DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwu116
PMC: PMC4082341
OpenAlex: W2128117277
Cited by: 528
References: 34
Citations by year: 2026: 57 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 52 · 2017: 44 · 2016: 41 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 6
FWCI: 6.53
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: American Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, public-domain)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, public-domain)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (HHSN268201100004C, HHSN268201100001C, HHSN268201100002C, HHSN268201100003C)
National Institute on Aging (HHSN-271-2011-00004C,)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HHSN2682011-00001I, HHSN2682011-00002I, HHSN2682011‐00004I, HHSN268201100046C, HHSN2682011-00003I)
National Cancer Institute (P01CA053996, R01CA119171, P30CA015704)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutrition and Health Studies
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
Keywords: food frequency questionnaire, 24-hour dietary recall, energy intake, protein intake, protein density, underreporting, body mass index, calibration equations, measurement validity
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Calibration, Energy Intake, Diet, Dietary Proteins, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nitrogen, Surveys and Questionnaires, Mental Recall, Biomarkers, Diet Records, Validation Studies as Topic, Self Report

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Pooled Results From 5 Validation Studies of Dietary Self-Report Instruments Using Recovery Biomarkers for Energy and Protein Intake

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