Cited by 304EFL/ESL Teaching and LearningSecond Language Acquisition and LearningNeurobiology of Language and Bilingualism

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MCLAUGHLIN, B.·1990·Applied Linguistics

DOI 10.1093/applin/11.2.113

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This paper argues for a cognitive psychological approach to second language phenomena that emphasizes the importance of the development of automaticity and the process of restructuring. It is argued that practice can leadimprovement in performance as sub-skills become automated, but it is also possible for increased practice to create conditions for restructuring, with attendant decrements in performance as learners reorganize their internal representational framework. In the second case, performance may follow a U-shaped curve, declining as more complex internal representations replace less complex ones, and increasing again as skill becomes expertise. Examples are drawn from first and second language research, and from research on expert systems. The cognitive approach is not seen as competitive to, but as complementary with, linguistic approaches to second language development.

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Authors: MCLAUGHLIN, B.
Affiliations: University of California, Santa Cruz (US)
Corresponding author: MCLAUGHLIN, B.
Venue: Applied Linguistics
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 1990-06-01
Volume: 11
Issue: 2
Pages: 113-128
ISSN: 0142-6001 (ISSN-L)
1477-450X
DOI: 10.1093/applin/11.2.113
OpenAlex: W4251107408
Cited by: 303
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 6
FWCI: 62.41
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Applied Linguistics (publishedVersion)
HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Second Language Acquisition and Learning
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
Keywords: second language acquisition, cognitive psychology, restructuring, automaticity, practice, internal representations, U-shaped curve, expertise, expert systems

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