Some proprioceptive influences on the perceptual representation of body shape and orientation.
Abstract
Perception of the surface contour of the body is generally thought to depend on topographically organized neural maps of somatosensation in the thalamus and cortex. Recent neurophysiological studies indicate that these maps are potentially modifiable through alterations in their sensory input. We present evidence that the apparent shape and orientation of the body can be changed within seconds by using muscle vibration to generate proprioceptive misinformation about limb position. Depending on the position of the hands or feet in relation to the rest of the body and to the test chamber, it is possible to generate systematic perceptual distortions of the body and changes in the apparent orientation of the body. Some implications of these observations for the maintenance of an accurate body schema, for spatial orientation, and for the encoding of ocular position are described.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The structure of the body representation coupled with the fact that the perceptual systems tend to produce single resolutions when resolving sensory conflicts makes whole-body illusions possible.
“It is this structure of the body representation coupled with the fact that the perceptual systems tend to produce single resolutions when resolving sensory conflicts [36], [37], [38] that makes whole-body illusions possible.”
From If I were you: Perceptual illusion of body swapping (2008) · cites this paper as [36]
Vibration applied to tendons elicits illusory limb motion and dimensionality, impacting body schema and balance.
“Vibration applied to tendons elicits illusory limb motion and dimensionality, impacting body schema and balance ( Eklund, 1972 ; Goodwin et al., 1972 ; Lackner, 1988 ; McGlone et al., 2002 ; Romaiguère et al., 2003 ; McIntyre and Seizova-Cajic, 2007 ; Seizova-Cajic and Sachtler, 2007 ; Fasold et al., 2008 ; Palluel et al., 2011 ) and illuminating the importance of proprioception for our sense of”
From The brain-body disconnect: A somatic sensory basis for trauma-related disorders (2022) · cites this paper as Lackner, 1988
Cites
EPILEPSY AND THE FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF THE HUMAN BRAIN
Penfield, W., & Jasper, H. (1954) · Southern Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/00007611-195407000-00024 · Cited by 4,092 · see citing works
MODALITY AND TOPOGRAPHIC PROPERTIES OF SINGLE NEURONS OF CAT'S SOMATIC SENSORY CORTEX
Mountcastle, V. B. (1957) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1957.20.4.408 · Cited by 2,411 · see citing works
(1960) · Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1960.tb76238.x · Cited by 2,178 · see citing works
Goodwin, G. M., McCloskey, D. I., & Matthews, P. B. C. (1972) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/95.4.705 · Cited by 1,313 · see citing works
Carpenter, R. (1977) · Cited by 1,052 · see citing works
Multiple Representations of the Body Within the Primary Somatosensory Cortex of Primates
Kaas, J. H., Nelson, R. J., Sur, M., Lin, C.-S., & Merzenich, M. M. (1979) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.107591 · Cited by 710 · see citing works
Proprioceptive Illusions Induced by Muscle Vibration: Contribution by Muscle Spindles to Perception?
Goodwin, G. M., McCloskey, D. I., & Matthews, P. B. C. (1972) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.175.4028.1382 · Cited by 683 · see citing works
What, if anything, is SI? Organization of first somatosensory area of cortex
Kaas, J. H. (1983) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.1983.63.1.206 · Cited by 522 · see citing works
Merzenich, M. M., Kaas, J. H., Sur, M., & Lin, C. (1978) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.901810104 · Cited by 456 · see citing works
Where Does Sherrington's "Muscular Sense" Originate? Muscles, Joints, Corollary Discharges?
Matthews, P. B. C. (1982) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.ne.05.030182.001201 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Lackner, J. R., & Levine, M. S. (1979) · PubMed · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Self-citationSignaling of Kinesthetic Information by Peripheral Sensory Receptors
Burgess, P. R., Wei, J., Clark, F. J., & Simon, J. (1982) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.ne.05.030182.001131 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Perception of Impossible Limb Positions Induced by Tendon Vibration
Craske, B. (1977) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.841342 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Goodwin, G. M., McCloskey, D. I., & Matthews, P. B. C. (1972) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(72)90679-8 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Central nervous mechanisms subserving position sense and kinesthesis.
Mountcastle, V. B., & Tp, P. (1959) · PubMed · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Kalaska, J. F., & Pomeranz, B. H. (1979) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1979.42.2.618 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Some sensory and motor factors influencing the control and appreciation of eye and limb position
Levine, M. S., & Lackner, J. R. (1979) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00238911 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Self-citationLackner, J., & Graybiel, A. (1981) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00236568 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Self-citationInfluence of vision on vibration-induced illusions of limb movement
Lackner, J. R., & Taublieb, A. B. (1984) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/0014-4886(84)90164-x · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Self-citationPOSSIBLE ROLE OF PROPRIOCEPTION IN THE EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLES
Ludvigh, E. J. (1952) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archopht.1952.00920010445007 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
CENTRENCEPHALIC INTEGRATING SYSTEM
Penfield, W. G. (1958) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/81.2.231 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Lackner, J. R., & Levine, M. (1978) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(78)90169-6 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationThresholds of Stimulation of the Otolith Organs as Indicated by the Oculogravic Illusion
Graybiel, A., & Patterson, J. L. (1955) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1955.7.6.666 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Reciprocal interactions between the position sense representations of the two forearms
Lackner, J. R., & Taublieb, A. (1983) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.03-11-02280.1983 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationPERCEPTION OF BODY WEIGHT AND BODY MASS AT TWICE EARTH-GRAVITY ACCELERATION LEVELS
Lackner, J. R., & Graybiel, A. (1984) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/107.1.133 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationProprioceptive information about target location suppresses autokinesis
Lackner, J. R., & Zabkar, J. J. (1977) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/0042-6989(77)90158-4 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationThe guidance of saccadic eye movements to perceptually mislocalized visual an non-visual targets.
Lackner, J. R., & Levine, M. S. (1981) · PubMed · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Jackendoff, R. S. (2002) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198270126.001.0001 · Cited by 4,472 · see citing works
Proske, U., & Gandevia, S. C. (2012) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00048.2011 · Cited by 2,223 · see citing works
Enhancing Our Lives with Immersive Virtual Reality
Slater, M., & Sanchez-Vives, M. V. (2016) · Frontiers in Robotics and AI · doi:10.3389/frobt.2016.00074 · Cited by 1,993 · see citing works
Movement, posture and equilibrium: Interaction and coordination
Massion, J. (1992) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/0301-0082(92)90034-c · Cited by 1,647 · see citing works
The perception of phantom limbs. The D. O. Hebb lecture
Ramachandran, V. (1998) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/121.9.1603 · Cited by 1,065 · see citing works
If I were you: Perceptual illusion of body swapping
Petkova, V. I., & Ehrsson, H. H. (2008) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003832 · Cited by 953 · see citing works
Vibration as an exercise modality: how it may work, and what its potential might be
Rittweger, J. (2010) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-009-1303-3 · Cited by 870 · see citing works
Out-of-body experience and autoscopy of neurological origin
Blanke, O., Landis, T., Spinelli, L., & Seeck, M. (2004) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awh040 · Cited by 747 · see citing works
Motor imagery and action observation: cognitive tools for rehabilitation
Mulder, T. (2007) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-007-0763-z · Cited by 652 · see citing works
The building blocks of the full body ownership illusion
Maselli, A., & Slater, M. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00083 · Cited by 615 · see citing works
Coding the location of the arm by sight
Graziano, M. S. A., Cooke, D. F., & Taylor, C. S. R. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.290.5497.1782 · Cited by 550 · see citing works
Kilteni, K., Maselli, A., Kording, K. P., & Slater, M. (2015) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2015.00141 · Cited by 519 · see citing works
Extending body space in immersive virtual reality: a very long arm illusion
Kilteni, K., Normand, J.-M., Sanchez-Vives, M. V., & Slater, M. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0040867 · Cited by 499 · see citing works
More than skin deep: Body representation beyond primary somatosensory cortex
Longo, M. R., Azañón, E., & Haggard, P. (2009) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.08.022 · Cited by 473 · see citing works
The Out-of-Body Experience: Disturbed Self-Processing at the Temporo-Parietal Junction
Blanke, O., & Arzy, S. (2005) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/1073858404270885 · Cited by 469 · see citing works
Evidence for Multiple, Distinct Representations of the Human Body
Schwoebel, J., & Coslett, H. B. (2005) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/0898929053467587 · Cited by 462 · see citing works
Phantom movements and pain An fMRI study in upper limb amputees
Lotze, M. (2001) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/124.11.2268 · Cited by 445 · see citing works
The body in the brain: neural bases of corporeal awareness
Berlucchi, G., & Aglioti, S. (1997) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(97)01136-3 · Cited by 558 · see citing works
Decrease of contralateral neglect by neck muscle vibration and spatial orientation of trunk midline
Karnath, H. ‐., Christ, K., & Hartje, W. (1993) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/116.2.383 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Pain and the body schema: Evidence for peripheral effects on mental representations of movement
Schwoebel, J. (2001) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/124.10.2098 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Why do people with complex regional pain syndrome take longer to recognize their affected hand?
Moseley, G. L. (2004) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000130156.05828.43 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Multisensory stimulation can induce an illusion of larger belly size in immersive virtual reality.
Normand, J.-M., Giannopoulos, E., Spanlang, B., & Slater, M. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016128 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Vestibular, Proprioceptive, and Haptic Contributions to Spatial Orientation
Lackner, J. R., & DiZio, P. A. (2004) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.142023 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Self-citationStanney, K. M., & Salvendy, G. (1998) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1207/s15327590ijhc1002_3 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Peripersonal Space and Body Schema: Two Labels for the Same Concept?
Cardinali, L., Brozzoli, C., & Farnè, A. (2009) · Brain Topography · doi:10.1007/s10548-009-0092-7 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Bodily Illusions Modulate Tactile Perception
de Vignemont, F., Ehrsson, H. H., & Haggard, P. (2005) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2005.06.067 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
The Illusion of Owning a Third Arm
Guterstam, A., Petkova, V. I., & Ehrsson, H. H. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0017208 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Immersive Virtual Reality and Virtual Embodiment for Pain Relief
Matamala-Gomez, M., Donegan, T., Bottiroli, S., Sandrini, G., Sanchez-Vives, M. V., & Tassorelli, C. (2019) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2019.00279 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Kinesthetic reference for human orthograde posture
Gurfinkel, V. S., Ivanenko, Y. P., Levik, Y. S., & Babakova, I. A. (1995) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(95)00136-7 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Naito, E. (2002) · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00980-7 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Cutaneous afferents provide information about knee joint movements in humans
Edin, B. B. (2001) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.0289j.x · Cited by 267 · see citing works
The role of haptic cues from rough and slippery surfaces in human postural control
Jeka, J. J., & Lackner, J. (1995) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00231713 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Self-citationCentral mechanisms in phantom limb perception: The past, present and future
Giummarra, M. J., Gibson, S. J., Georgiou‐Karistianis, N., & Bradshaw, J. L. (2007) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2007.01.009 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Mechanisms underlying embodiment, disembodiment and loss of embodiment
Giummarra, M. J., Gibson, S. J., Georgiou‐Karistianis, N., & Bradshaw, J. L. (2007) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2007.07.001 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
From maps to form to space: Touch and the body schema
Medina, J., & Coslett, H. B. (2009) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.08.017 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Position and Velocity Coupling of Postural Sway to Somatosensory Drive
Jeka, J. J., Oie, K. S., Schöner, G., Dijkstra, T. M. H., & Henson, E. (1998) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1998.79.4.1661 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Human Tails: Ownership and Control of Extended Humanoid Avatars
Steptoe, W., Steed, A. J., & Slater, M. (2013) · IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics · doi:10.1109/tvcg.2013.32 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Kokkinara, E., Kilteni, K., Blom, K. J., & Slater, M. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep28879 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Illusory movement perception improves motor control for prosthetic hands
Marasco, P. D., Hebert, J. S., Sensinger, J. W., Shell, C. E., Schofield, J. S., Thumser, Z. C., Nataraj, R., Beckler, D. T., Dawson, M. R. W., Blustein, D. H., et al. (2018) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aao6990 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Habeas Corpus: The Sense of Ownership of One’s Own Body
de Vignemont, F. (2007) · Mind & Language · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0017.2007.00315.x · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Consciousness and body image: lessons from phantom limbs, Capgras syndrome and pain asymbolia
The American Association for Research into Nervous and Mental Diseases, & Ramachandran, V. S. (1998) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1998.0337 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Kinesthesia: Roles for Afferent Signals and Motor Commands
Gandevia, S. C. (1996) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.cp120104 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Specialization of reach function in human posterior parietal cortex
Vesia, M., & Crawford, J. D. (2012) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-012-3158-9 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Pedersen, P. M., Wandel, A., Jørgensen, H. S., Nakayama, H., Raaschou, H. O., & Olsen, T. S. (1996) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/s0003-9993(96)90215-4 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Body image and body schema in a deafferented subject
Gallagher, S., & Cole, J. D. (1995) · The Journal of mind and behavior · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Treatments of unilateral neglect: A review
Pierce, S. R., & Buxbaum, L. J. (2002) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1053/apmr.2002.27333 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Why and how are posture and movement coordinated?
Massion, J., Alexandrov, A. V., & Frolov, A. (2004) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(03)43002-1 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Specialised structural descriptions for human body parts: Evidence from autotopagnosia
Buxbaum, L. J., & Coslett, H. B. (2001) · Cognitive Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/02643290126172 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Evidence for a Disturbance of the Body Schema in Neglect
Coslett, H. B. (1998) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1006/brcg.1998.1011 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Multisensory processes in body ownership
Ehrsson, H. H. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-812492-5.00008-5 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Neural substrate of body size: illusory feeling of shrinking of the waist.
Ehrsson, H. H., Kito, T., Sadato, N., Passingham, R. E., & Naito, E. (2005) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030412 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
New insights into action–perception coupling
Feldman, A. G. (2009) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-008-1667-3 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Tsay, A., Allen, T., Proske, U., & Giummarra, M. J. (2015) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.03.004 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
The brain-body disconnect: A somatic sensory basis for trauma-related disorders
Kearney, B. E., & Lanius, R. A. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.1015749 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
“Vibration applied to tendons elicits illusory limb motion and dimensionality, impacting body schema and balance (Eklund, 1972; Goodwin et al., 1972; Lackner, 1988; McGlone et al., 2002; Romaiguère et al., 2003; McIntyre and Seizova-Cajic, 2007; Seizova-Cajic and Sachtler, 2007; Fasold et al., 2008;…”
BackgroundThe effect of similarities in skin texture and hand shape on perceived ownership of a fake limb
Haans, A., IJsselsteijn, W. A., & de Kort, Y. A. W. (2008) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2008.04.003 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Neurological and robot-controlled induction of an apparition
Blanke, O., Pozeg, P., Hara, M., Heydrich, L., Serino, A., Yamamoto, A., Higuchi, T., Salomon, R., Seeck, M., Landis, T., et al. (2014) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.09.049 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
The effect of tactile and visual sensory inputs on phantom limb awareness
Hunter, J. P. (2003) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awg054 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Aspects of body self-calibration
Lackner, J. R., & DiZio, P. A. (2000) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01493-5 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Self-citationImprovement of left visuo-spatial hemineglect by left-sided transcutaneous electrical stimulation
Vallar, G., Rusconi, M. L., Barozzi, S., Bernardini, B., Ovadia, D., Papagno, C., & Cesarani, A. (1995) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(94)00088-7 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Body schema building during childhood and adolescence: A neurosensory approach
Assaiante, C., Barlaam, F., Cignetti, F., & Vaugoyeau, M. (2013) · Neurophysiologie Clinique · doi:10.1016/j.neucli.2013.10.125 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
The phenomenology of body image distortions induced by regional anaesthesia
Paqueron, X. (2003) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awg063 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Implicit and Explicit Body Representations
Longo, M. R. (2014) · European Psychologist · doi:10.1027/1016-9040/a000198 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Brain-body interactions underlying the association of loneliness with mental and physical health
Quadt, L., Esposito, G., Critchley, H., & Garfinkel, S. N. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.06.015 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Barela, J. Â., Jeka, J. J., & Clark, J. E. (2003) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-003-1441-5 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Gravity and observer's body orientation influence the visual perception of human body postures
Christophe Lopez, A., Bachofner, C., Mercier, M. R., & Blanke, O. (2009) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1167/9.5.1 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Vestibular stimulation modifies the body schema
Christophe Lopez, A., Schreyer, H. M., Preuss, N., & Mast, F. W. (2012) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.04.008 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Naito, E., Morita, T., & Amemiya, K. (2015) · Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1016/j.neures.2015.10.013 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Bodily self-awareness and object perception
Gallagher, S. (2007) · Theoria et Historia Scientiarum · doi:10.12775/ths.2003.004 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
How Many Arms Make a Pair? Perceptual Illusion of Having an Additional Limb
Ehrsson, H. H. (2009) · Perception · doi:10.1068/p6304 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Keizer, A., Smeets, M. A. M., Postma, A., Elburg, A. A. V., & Dijkerman, H. C. (2014) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.07.003 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Heed, T., & Azañón, E. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00076 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Disownership of left hand and objects related to it in a patient with right brain damage
Aglioti, S. M., Smania, N., Manfredi, M., & Berlucchi, G. (1996) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199612200-00058 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Multimodal Contributions to Body Representation
Azañón, E., Tamè, L., Maravita, A., Linkenauger, S. A., Ferrè, E. R., Tajadura‐Jiménez, A., & Longo, M. R. (2016) · Multisensory Research · doi:10.1163/22134808-00002531 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Embodiment and telepresence: Toward a comprehensive theoretical framework
Haans, A., & IJsselsteijn, W. A. (2012) · Interacting with Computers · doi:10.1016/j.intcom.2012.04.010 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Proprioception: Peripheral Inputs and Perceptual Interactions
Gandevia, S. C., Refshauge, K. M., & Collins, D. F. (2002) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0713-0_8 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Modulation of the Neglect Syndrome by Sensory Stimulation
Vallar, G., Guariglia, C., & Rusconi, M. L. (1997) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-60661-8_30 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Inducing a virtual hand ownership illusion through a brain–computer interface
Pérez-Marcos, D., Slater, M., & Sanchez-Vives, M. V. (2009) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/wnr.0b013e32832a0a2a · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Zeller, D., Groß, C. C., Bartsch, A., Johansen‐Berg, H., & Claßen, J. (2011) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5154-10.2011 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
How do the body schema and the body image interact?
Pitron, V., Alsmith, A., & de Vignemont, F. (2018) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2018.08.007 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Proske, U., & Gandevia, S. C. (2018) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c170036 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Kammers, M. P. M., van der Ham, I. J. M., & Dijkerman, H. C. (2006) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.04.009 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Distorted body representations in anorexia nervosa
Gadsby, S. (2017) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2017.02.015 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Virtual Body Ownership Illusions for Mental Health: A Narrative Review
Matamala-Gomez, M., Maselli, A., Malighetti, C., Realdon, O., Mantovani, F., & Riva, G. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10010139 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Sensing Limb Movements in The Motor Cortex: How Humans Sense Limb Movement
Naito, E. (2004) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/1073858403259628 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
The evolution of cognition—a hypothesis
Cruse, H. (2003) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1207/s15516709cog2701_5 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Holmes, N. P., & Spence, C. J. (2006) · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Naito, E., & Ehrsson, H. H. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4835-05.2006 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Effects of gymnastics expertise on the perception of body orientation in the pitch dimension
Bringoux, L., Marín, L., Nougier, V., Barraud, P.-A., & Raphel, C. (2000) · Journal of Vestibular Research · doi:10.3233/ves-2000-10602 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Toward Enhanced Teleoperation Through Embodiment
Toet, A., Kuling, I. A., Krom, B. N., & van Erp, J. B. F. (2020) · Frontiers in Robotics and AI · doi:10.3389/frobt.2020.00014 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Specificity and Coherence of Body Representations
Kammers, M. P. M., Longo, M. R., Manos Tsakiris, A., Dijkerman, H. C., & Haggard, P. (2009) · Perception · doi:10.1068/p6389 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Tamè, L., Azañón, E., & Longo, M. R. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00291 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Synaesthesia in the normal limb
Mon-Williams, M. A., Wann, J. P., Jenkinson, M., & Rushton, K. (1997) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.1997.0139 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Reaching movements to visual targets: neuronal representations of sensori-motor transformations
Kalaska, J. F. (1991) · Seminars in Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/1044-5765(91)90067-x · Cited by 82 · see citing works
The Attention Schema Theory: A Foundation for Engineering Artificial Consciousness
Graziano, M. S. A. (2017) · Frontiers in Robotics and AI · doi:10.3389/frobt.2017.00060 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
“Even rather extreme illusions of the body schema are easily induced, such as the rubber hand illusion (Botvinick and Cohen, 1998) or the Pinocchio illusion (Lackner, 1988).”
BackgroundThe relationship between virtual body ownership and temperature sensitivity
Llobera, J., Sanchez-Vives, M. V., & Slater, M. (2013) · Journal of The Royal Society Interface · doi:10.1098/rsif.2013.0300 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Sound-Localization Performance in the Cat: The Effect of Restraining the Head
Tollin, D. J., Populin, L. C., Moore, J. M., Ruhland, J. L., & Yin, T. C. T. (2004) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00747.2004 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Taylor, M. W., Taylor, J. L., & Seizova-Cajić, T. (2017) · Multisensory Research · doi:10.1163/22134808-00002544 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Spontaneous Beta Band Rhythms in the Predictive Coding of Natural Stimuli
Betti, V., Penna, S. D., de Pasquale, F., & Corbetta, M. (2020) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/1073858420928988 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Effect of slow, small movement on the vibration-evoked kinesthetic illusion
Cordo, P. J., Gurfinkel, V. S., Brumagne, S., & Flores-Vieira, C. L. L. (2005) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-005-0034-x · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Dynamic modulation of the primary somatosensory cortex during seeing and feeling a touched hand
Schaefer, M., Flor, H., Heinze, H., & Rotte, M. (2005) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.07.016 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
- Authors
- LACKNER, J. R.
- Affiliations
- Brandeis University (US)
- Corresponding author
- LACKNER, JAMES R.
- ORCID
- LACKNER, JAMES R.
- Venue
- Brain
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1988
- Volume
- 111
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 281-297
- ISSN
- 0006-8950 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2156
- OpenAlex
- W2147195002
- Cited by
- 500
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 0.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Brain (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Multisensory perception and integration
- Keywords
- proprioception, body schema, body shape perception, body orientation, muscle vibration, limb position, somatosensory maps, spatial orientation, perceptual distortion
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Orientation, Perceptual Masking, Posture, Proprioception, Self Concept, Vibration
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review