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Cited by 416Traumatic Brain Injury ResearchTranscranial Magnetic Stimulation StudiesCognitive Functions and Memory

Brain function decline in healthy retired athletes who sustained their last sports concussion in early adulthood

De Beaumont, L., Theoret, H., Mongeon, D., Messier, J., Leclerc, S., Tremblay, S., Ellemberg, D., Lassonde, M.·2009·Brain
DOI 10.1093/brain/awn347
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Abstract

Recent studies have shown that the detrimental effects of sports concussions on cognitive and motor function may persist up to a few years post-injury. The present study sought to investigate the effects of having sustained a sports concussion more than 30 years prior to testing on cognitive and motor functions. Nineteen healthy former athletes, in late adulthood (mean age = 60.79; SD = 5.16), who sustained their last sport-related concussion in early adulthood (mean age = 26.05; SD = 9.21) were compared with 21 healthy former athletes with no history of concussion (mean age = 58.89; SD = 9.07). Neuropsychological tests sensitive to age-related changes in cognition were administered. An auditory oddball paradigm was used to evoke P3a and P3b brain responses. Four TMS paradigms were employed to assess motor cortex excitability: (i) resting motor threshold; (ii) paired-pulse intracortical inhibition and intracortical facilitation; (iii) input/output curve and (iv) cortical silent period (CSP). A rapid alternating movement task was also used to characterize motor system dysfunctions. Relative to controls, former athletes with a history of concussion had: (i) lower performance on neuropsychological tests of episodic memory and response inhibition; (ii) significantly delayed and attenuated P3a/P3b components; (iii) significantly prolonged CSP and (iv) significantly reduced movement velocity (bradykinesia). The finding that the P3, the CSP as well as neuropsychological and motor indices were altered more than three decades post-concussion provides evidence for the chronicity of cognitive and motor system changes consecutive to sports concussion.

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  • These changes have been observed across broad post-injury timeframes ranging from days to decades and are associated with deficits in motor learning and performance.

    “These changes have been observed across broad post-injury timeframes ranging from days (Pearce et al. 2015) to decades (De Beaumont et al. 2009, Pearce et al. 2014), and have been associated with deficits in motor learning and performance (De Beaumont et al. 2012).”

    From Mild traumatic brain injury alters function in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: a TMS-EEG study (2025) · cites this paper as De Beaumont et al. 2009

  • Numerous studies highlight alterations in motor cortical neurophysiology after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).

    “Numerous studies highlight alterations in motor cortical neurophysiology after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).”

    From Mild traumatic brain injury alters function in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: a TMS-EEG study (2025) · cites this paper as De Beaumont et al. 2009

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Authors
De Beaumont, L., Theoret, H., Mongeon, D., Messier, J., Leclerc, S., Tremblay, S., Ellemberg, D., & Lassonde, M.
Affiliations
Université de Montréal (CA)
ORCID
Venue
Brain
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2009-01-21
Volume
132
Issue
3
Pages
695-708
ISSN
  • 0006-8950 (ISSN-L)
  • 1460-2156
DOI
10.1093/brain/awn347
OpenAlex
W2112853152
Cited by
416
References
4
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 33
FWCI
22.71
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Brain (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Canada Research Chairs
  • Canadian Institutes of Health Research
  • Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
Keywords
sports-related concussion, long-term effects of concussion, former athletes, cognitive decline, motor function, cortical silent period, motor cortex excitability, episodic memory, response inhibition, bradykinesia, auditory oddball paradigm, transcranial magnetic stimulation, age-related cognitive change
MeSH terms
Aged, Athletic Injuries, Brain, Cognition Disorders, Evoked Potentials, Humans, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Reaction Time, Retirement, Post-Concussion Syndrome, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

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