Long-term working memory deficits after concussion: electrophysiological evidence
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Persistent complaints of lingering memory and concentration difficulties are common following a concussion, although the brain basis of these is unknown. Some suggest abnormalities can be found on the P300 event-related potential component, recorded using electroencephalography (EEG), despite unobservable cognitive impairments. OBJECTIVE: To examine the P300 and cognitive performance following a remote concussion during an n-back task that varies in working memory load. RESEARCH DESIGN: Seventeen participants with a remote concussion and 17 controls performed a visual n-back task in which working memory demands were systematically increased by manipulating cognitive load. Participants also completed neuropsychological and self-report measures. RESULTS: The concussion group showed a decrease in P300 amplitude compared to controls that was independent of working memory load on the n-back task. While no performance differences were observed between groups, P300 amplitude was negatively correlated with response times at higher loads in both groups. CONCLUSION: High functioning young adults with a remote concussion may have inefficient recruitment of processing resources for target identification, evident by the attenuated P300. The negative correlations between response time and P300 amplitude suggest that the time necessary to accurately respond to targets increases as the efficiency of allocating processing resources decreases during highly demanding working memory…
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EEG studies have demonstrated differences in ERP amplitude, increased alpha power, and poor fronto-parietal coherence during verbal and visuospatial working memory tasks in mTBI.
“Using EEG, differences in the amplitude of event-related potentials (ERPs) (Bernstein, 2002;Ozen, Itier, Preston, & Fernandes, 2013), increased alpha power (Arakaki et al., 2018) and poor coherence (the temporal dependence of neuronal activity across brain regions) between fronto-parietal regions during verbal and visuospatial working memory tasks has also been demonstrated in mTBI (Cudmore, 2000;”
From Investigation of neurobiological responses to theta burst stimulation during recovery from mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) (2023) · cites this paper as Ozen, Itier, Preston, & Fernandes, 2013
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Ricciardone, A., Phillips, M. C., Heffner, C. C., & Myers, E. B. (2025) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2025_jslhr-24-00879
Moser, N., Popović, M. R., & Kalsi-Ryan, S. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26747576
Anxiety disorders alter cognitive-motor integration during visuomotor adaptation and retention
Barzi, L., Wilson, M., & Hill, C. M. (2026) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-026-07304-y
- Authors
- Ozen, L. J., Itier, R. J., Preston, F. F., & Fernandes, M. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Waterloo (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Ozen, Lana J.
- Venue
- Brain Injury
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2013-07-22
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1244-1255
- ISSN
- 0269-9052 (ISSN-L)
- 1362-301X
- OpenAlex
- W2088579457
- Cited by
- 64
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 2.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Brain Injury (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Keywords
- concussion, working memory deficits, P300, event-related potentials, n-back task, cognitive load, reaction time (psychology), processing efficiency, young adults
- MeSH terms
- Brain Concussion, Canada, Cognition, Cognition Disorders, Electroencephalography, Female, Humans, Male, Memory Disorders, Memory, Short-Term, Neuropsychological Tests, Reaction Time, Time Factors, Reproducibility of Results, Trauma Severity Indices, Event-Related Potentials, P300, Young Adult, Self Report, Memory, Long-Term
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