Longitudinal Dynamics of the Neutralizing Antibody Response to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection
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Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic with no licensed vaccine or specific antiviral agents for therapy. Little is known about the longitudinal dynamics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–specific neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) in patients with COVID-19. Methods: Blood samples (n = 173) were collected from 30 patients with COVID-19 over a 3-month period after symptom onset and analyzed for SARS-CoV-2–specific NAbs using the lentiviral pseudotype assay, coincident with the levels of IgG and proinflammatory cytokines. Results: SARS-CoV-2–specific NAb titers were low for the first 7–10 days after symptom onset and increased after 2–3 weeks. The median peak time for NAbs was 33 days (interquartile range [IQR], 24–59 days) after symptom onset. NAb titers in 93.3% (28/30) of the patients declined gradually over the 3-month study period, with a median decrease of 34.8% (IQR, 19.6–42.4%). NAb titers increased over time in parallel with the rise in immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody levels, correlating well at week 3 (r = 0.41, P < .05). The NAb titers also demonstrated a significant positive correlation with levels of plasma proinflammatory cytokines, including stem cell factor (SCF), TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). Conclusions: These data provide useful information regarding dynamic changes in NAbs in patients with COVID-19 during the acute and convalescent phases.
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Interpretation of the significance of comparisons to convalescent serum must account for variability in Covid-19 convalescent antibody titers according to patient age, disease severity, time since disease onset, and the number of samples in the panel.
“However, interpretation of the significance of those comparisons must account for the variability in Covid-19 convalescent antibody titers according to factors such as patient age, disease severity, and time since disease onset and for the number of samples in the panel.12,13”
From An mRNA Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 — Preliminary Report (2020) · cites this paper as [12]
The Results (Dynamic Changes in Neutralizing Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2; page unavailable) show that titers varied among patients and changed with time since symptom onset. The Discussion notes a small sample size but says the study could not establish correlations between titer dynamics and clinical characteristics. This source therefore does not establish age or disease severity as factors in titer variability, or specifically assess how the number of samples in a comparison panel affects interpretation. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Wang, K., Long, Q.-X., Deng, H.-J., Hu, J., Gao, Q.-Z., Zhang, G.-J., He, C.-L., Huang, L.-Y., Hu, J.-L., Chen, J., Tang, N., & Huang, A.-L.
- Affiliations
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (CN)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Corresponding author
- Huang, Ai-Long
- Venue
- Clinical Infectious Diseases
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2020-08-03
- Volume
- 73
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- e531-e539
- ISSN
- 1058-4838 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-6591
- PMC
- PMC7454328
- OpenAlex
- W3046309975
- Cited by
- 218
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 101 · 2020: 30
- FWCI
- 6.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Clinical Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- medRxiv (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Science and Technology Commission of Chongqing (cstc2020jscx-fyzx0053)
- Chongqing Medical University (CQMUNCP0302, CQMUNCP0304)
- Leading Talent Program of Chongqing Science and Technology Commission (CSTCCXLJRC201719)
- Major National Science and Technology Program (2017ZX10202203)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Keywords
- SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 pandemic, neutralizing antibodies, antibody kinetics, IgG, inflammatory cytokines, stem cell factor, TRAIL, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, convalescence
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Antibodies, Viral, Humans, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Pandemics
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