Dynamics of Neutralizing Antibody Titers in the Months After Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection
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Abstract
Most individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) develop neutralizing antibodies that target the viral spike protein. In this study, we quantified how levels of these antibodies change in the months after SARS-CoV-2 infection by examining longitudinal samples collected approximately 30–152 days after symptom onset from a prospective cohort of 32 recovered individuals with asymptomatic, mild, or moderate-severe disease. Neutralizing antibody titers declined an average of about 4-fold from 1 to 4 months after symptom onset. This decline in neutralizing antibody titers was accompanied by a decline in total antibodies capable of binding the viral spike protein or its receptor-binding domain. Importantly, our data are consistent with the expected early immune response to viral infection, where an initial peak in antibody levels is followed by a decline to a lower plateau. Additional studies of long-lived B cells and antibody titers over longer time frames are necessary to determine the durability of immunity to SARS-CoV-2.
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Neutralizing antibody responses decay rapidly in early convalescence.
“However, neutralizing antibody responses decay rapidly in early convalescence9,14–17.”
From Prospects for durable immune control of SARS-CoV-2 and prevention of reinfection (2021) · cites this paper as [15]
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- Authors
- Crawford, K. H. D., Dingens, A. S., Eguia, R., Wolf, C. R., Wilcox, N., Logue, J. K., Shuey, K., Casto, A. M., Fiala, B., Wrenn, S., Pettie, D., King, N. P., Greninger, A. L., Chu, H. Y., & Bloom, J. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Fred Hutch Cancer Center (US)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Chu, Helen Y
- Bloom, Jesse D
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Infectious Diseases
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2020-09-30
- Volume
- 223
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 197-205
- ISSN
- 0022-1899 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-6613
- PMC
- PMC7543487
- OpenAlex
- W3091039991
- Cited by
- 265
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 58 · 2021: 120 · 2020: 21
- FWCI
- 7.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The Journal of Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- medRxiv (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI141707, F30AI149928)
- National Institutes of Health
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1156262)
- Burroughs Wellcome Fund
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Keywords
- SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 pandemic, neutralizing antibodies, antibody titer decline, spike protein, receptor binding domain, humoral immune response, long-term immunity, asymptomatic infection
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adult, Aged, Antibodies, Viral, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Time Factors, Young Adult, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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