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Clarifying the construct of mindfulness in the context of emotion regulation and the process of change in therapy.
Abstract
Bishop et al. (this issue) propose an operational definition of mindfulness developed by a recent consensus panel. The group provides a solid empirical framework from which to develop measures of mindfulness, and they propose an exciting research agenda. We describe measurement development work from our research group that provides initial support for the proposed consensus definition and that examines mindfulness in relation to emotion regulation variables. We extend the discussion by describing how mindfulness can enhance the stabilizing and destabilizing aspects of therapeutic change, and we illustrate this in the context of our treatment program for depression. Key words: acceptance, cognitive-behavioral therapy, emotion regulation, emotion reactivity, mindfulness, meditation, therapy change processes. [Clin Psychol Sci Prac 11: 255–262, 2004] Several lines of research are converging on the idea that emotion regulation is an essential component of mental health and that problems of regulation are associated with a variety of forms of psychopathology (Cicchetti,
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“Consequently, meditation practices are proposed to improve attentional control, and also reduce rumination and elaborative mental processing to diminish mental reactivity to negative or dysphoric emotional states (Bishop et al., 2004;Hayes & Feldman, 2004;Kabat-Zinn, 2003).”
From “Giving yourself some breathing room…”: an exploration of group meditation for people with aphasia (2021) · cites this paper as Hayes & Feldman, 2004
In the citing paper
“In the case of emotion suppression, mindfulness meditation may help individuals identify, describe, and healthily engage with emotions triggered by race-related stressors rather than suppress these feelings, leading to decreases in mental health symptoms [34].”
From App-Based Mindfulness Meditation for People of Color Who Experience Race-Related Stress: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (2022) · cites this paper as [34]
In the citing paper
“This helps to avert distressing thoughts and emotions (Kabat-Zinn, 1990b; Hayes and Feldman, 2004).”
From Knowledge of COVID-19 and Its Influence on Mindfulness, Cognitive Emotion Regulation and Psychological Flexibility in the Indian Community (2020) · cites this paper as Hayes and Feldman, 2004
In the citing paper
“For instance, while traditional CBT teaches adaptive emotion regulation strategies of problem-solving and cognitive reappraisal (Beck, 1979), mindfulness training teaches individuals to allow their repetitive cognitive-emotional experiences to occur without trying to control them (Kabat-Zinn, 1990), thereby discouraging experiential avoidance (i.e., a tendency to supress or avoid thoughts, images,”
From Online mindfulness-enhanced cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression: Outcomes of a pilot trial (2018) · cites this paper as Hayes and Feldman, 2004
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Using Self-Report Assessment Methods to Explore Facets of Mindfulness
Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191105283504 · Cited by 7,511
“The Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale (CAMS; Feldman, Hayes, Kumar, & Greeson, 2004; S. C. Hayes & Feldman, 2004) is a 12-item inventory designed to measure attention, awareness, present-focus, and acceptance/ nonjudgment with respect to thoughts and feelings in general daily experience.”
BackgroundEffects of mindfulness on psychological health: A review of empirical studies
Keng, S.-L., Smoski, M. J., & Robins, C. J. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.04.006 · Cited by 2,687
“…effective antidotes against common forms of psychological distress – rumination, anxiety, worry, fear, anger, and so on – many of which involve the maladaptive tendencies to avoid, suppress, or over-engage with one's distressing thoughts and emotions (Hayes & Feldman, 2004; Kabat-Zinn, 1990).”
BackgroundFeldman, G., Hayes, A., Kumar, S., Greeson, J., & Laurenceau, J.-P. (2007) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-006-9035-8 · Cited by 1,630
“Results suggest that individuals low in mindfulness may be vulnerable to escalations from feelings of distress to excessive cognitive elaborations about feared future events and personal inadequacies, processes that mindfulness-based interventions for depression and anxiety are designed to interrupt (Hayes et al., 200…”
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“…surface acting) as a potential mediator for two main reasons: First, because emotion regulation has repeatedly been proposed as a central mechanism in theoretical work on mindfulness (Bishop et al., 2004; Glomb et al., 2011; Hayes & Feldman, 2004; Roemer & Orsillo, 2003; Shapiro et al., 2006).”
BackgroundMindful emotion regulation: an integrative review
Chambers, R., Gullone, E., & Allen, N. B. (2009) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.06.005 · Cited by 1,360
“Nonjudgmental awarenessmay facilitate a healthy engagementwith emotions (Hayes & Feldman, 2004), allowing individuals to genuinely experience and express their emotions (Bridges et al., 2004) without underengagement (e.g. experiential avoidance; Hayes, Wilson, Gifford, Follette, & Strosahl, 1996,…”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Hayes, A. M., & Feldman, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Miami (US)
- Venue
- Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice
- Published
- 2004
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 255-262
- ISSN
- 0969-5893 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-2850
- OpenAlex
- W2139809290
- Cited by
- 759
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 52 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 61 · 2016: 49 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 33
- FWCI
- 12.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Psychology Science and Practice (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- mindfulness, emotion regulation, emotional reactivity, therapeutic change process, acceptance, cognitive behavioral therapy, meditation, depression treatment
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