Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, and Contextual Factors in Engaging in and Responding to Extramarital Involvement.
Abstract
Extramarital involvement (EMI) occurs with high prevalence among couples in clinical and community settings, frequently resulting in considerable distress both to participants and their spouses. The field lacks a synthesized review of this literature. Without such a synthesis, it has been difficult for researchers and clinicians to have an understanding of what is and is not known about EMI. This article reviews the large and scattered EMI literature using a framework that encompasses multiple source domains across the temporal process of engaging in and responding to EMI. In addition, this review delineates conceptual and methodological limitations to previous work in this area and articulates directions for further research.
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Among American couples, adultery prevalence estimates range from at least one fifth of husbands and one tenth of wives to as high as 72% of husbands and 54% of wives, depending on the survey.
“Given this unharmonious set of factors, it can hardly come as a surprise that at least one fifth of husbands and at least one tenth of wives commit adultery. These numbers—for American couples—range as high as 72 and 54 % respectively, depending on the survey (see Greeley 1994; Allen et al. 2005).”
From Natural Selection, Childrearing, and the Ethics of Marriage (and Divorce): Building a Case for the Neuroenhancement of Human Relationships (2012) · cites this paper as Allen et al. 2005
Early research suggested men are more likely to commit infidelity than women.
“While early research suggested that men are more likely to commit infidelity than women recent work has suggested that the gender gap is narrowing [56,72].”
From Love and Infidelity: Causes and Consequences (2023) · cites this paper as [56]
Recent work suggests the gender gap in infidelity is narrowing.
“While early research suggested that men are more likely to commit infidelity than women recent work has suggested that the gender gap is narrowing [56,72].”
From Love and Infidelity: Causes and Consequences (2023) · cites this paper as [56]
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Meyering, R. A., & Epling-McWherter, E. A. (1985) · Journal of Family and Economic Issues · doi:10.1007/bf01553342 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
The Extra-Sex Factor: Why over Half of America's Married Men Play Around
Yablonsky, L. (2000) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Mackey, W. C., & Immerman, R. S. (2001) · Cross-Cultural Research · doi:10.1177/106939710103500403 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
SEXUAL FREEDOM AND SEXUAL CONSTRAINT:
Richardson, L. W. (1988) · Gender & Society · doi:10.1177/089124388002003008 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Relationship, romance, and sexual addiction in extramarital affairs.
Martin, G. L. (1989) · The Journal of psychology and Christianity · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Treating Affair Couples: Extending the Written Disclosure Paradigm to Relationship Trauma
Snyder, D. K. (2004) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1093/clipsy/bph066 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Infidelity in romantic relationships
Fincham, F. D., & May, R. W. (2017) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2016.03.008 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
An Integrative Intervention for Promoting Recovery From Extramarital Affairs
Gordon, K. C., Baucom, D. H., & Snyder, D. K. (2004) · Journal of Marital and Family Therapy · doi:10.1111/j.1752-0606.2004.tb01235.x · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Mark, K. P., Janssen, E., & Milhausen, R. R. (2011) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-011-9771-z · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Predicting sexual infidelity in a population-based sample of married individuals.
Whisman, M. A., Gordon, K. C., & Chatav, Y. (2007) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/0893-3200.21.2.320 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Self-citationPower Increases Infidelity Among Men and Women
Lammers, J., Stoker, J. I., Jordan, J., Pollmann, M., & Stapel, D. A. (2011) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797611416252 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
The Association of Divorce and Extramarital Sex in a Representative U.S. Sample
Allen, E. S., & Atkins, D. C. (2012) · Journal of Family Issues · doi:10.1177/0192513x12439692 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Self-citationPredictors of Extradyadic Sexual Involvement in Unmarried Opposite-Sex Relationships
Maddox Shaw, A. M., Rhoades, G. K., Allen, E. S., Stanley, S. M., & Markman, H. J. (2013) · Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224499.2012.666816 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Self-citationLove and Infidelity: Causes and Consequences
Rokach, A., & Chan, S. H. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20053904 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
“While early research suggested that men are more likely to commit infidelity than women recent work has suggested that the gender gap is narrowing [56,72].”
BackgroundWhy do men marry and why do they stray?
Winking, J., Kaplan, H., Gurven, M., & Rucas, S. (2007) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2006.0437 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
An Integrative Approach to Treating Infidelity
Snyder, D. K., Baucom, D. H., & Gordon, K. C. (2008) · The Family Journal · doi:10.1177/1066480708323200 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
A prototype analysis of infidelity
WEISER, D. A., LALASZ, C. B., WEIGEL, D. J., & EVANS, W. P. (2014) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/pere.12056 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Extramarital Sex and Marital Dissolution: Does Identity of the Extramarital Partner Matter?
Labrecque, L. T., & Whisman, M. A. (2020) · Family Process · doi:10.1111/famp.12472 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Infidelity and Behavioral Couple Therapy: Relationship Outcomes Over 5 Years Following Therapy
Marín, R. A., Christensen, A., & Atkins, D. C. (2014) · Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/cfp0000012 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Earp, B. D., Sandberg, A., & Savulescu, J. (2012) · Philosophy & Technology · doi:10.1007/s13347-012-0081-8 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Wudarczyk, O. A., Earp, B. D., Guastella, A., & Savulescu, J. (2013) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0b013e3283642e10 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
The role of attachment avoidance in extradyadic sex
Beaulieu-Pelletier, G., Philippe, F. L., Lecours, S., & Couture, S. (2011) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2011.562419 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
What is Infidelity? A Vignette Study on Norms and Attitudes toward Infidelity
Bozoyan, C., & Schmiedeberg, C. (2023) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224499.2022.2104194 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Dew, J. P., Saxey, M. T., & Mettmann, A. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1038169 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Seedall, R. B., Houghtaling, A., & Wilkins, E. J. (2013) · Contemporary Family Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10591-013-9243-9 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
- Authors
- Allen, E. S., Atkins, D. C., Baucom, D. H., Snyder, D. K., Gordon, K. C., & Glass, S. P.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Denver (US)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Texas A&M University (US)
- University of Tennessee at Knoxville (US)
- Institute for Advanced Journalism Studies (US)
- Venue
- Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice
- Published
- 2005
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 101-130
- ISSN
- 0969-5893 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-2850
- OpenAlex
- W2105412153
- Cited by
- 284
- References
- 124
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 32.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Psychology Science and Practice (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Marriage and Sexual Relationships
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology
- Keywords
- infidelity, couples, marital distress, interpersonal factors, contextual factors, intrapersonal factors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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