The DOI matches its Crossref record; 49 of the 49 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Control Region of Mitochondrial DNA Shows an Unusual CpG and Non-CpG Methylation Pattern
Open accessAbstract
DNA methylation is a common epigenetic modification of the mammalian genome. Conflicting data regarding the possible presence of methylated cytosines within mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been reported. To clarify this point, we analysed the methylation status of mtDNA control region (D-loop) on human and murine DNA samples from blood and cultured cells by bisulphite sequencing and methylated/hydroxymethylated DNA immunoprecipitation assays. We found methylated and hydroxymethylated cytosines in the L-strand of all samples analysed. MtDNA methylation particularly occurs within non-C-phosphate-G (non-CpG) nucleotides, mainly in the promoter region of the heavy strand and in conserved sequence blocks, suggesting its involvement in regulating mtDNA replication and/or transcription. We observed DNA methyltransferases within the mitochondria, but the inactivation of Dnmt1, Dnmt3a, and Dnmt3b in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells results in a reduction of the CpG methylation, while the non-CpG methylation shows to be not affected. This suggests that D-loop epigenetic modification is only partially established by these enzymes. Our data show that DNA methylation occurs in the mtDNA control region of mammals, not only at symmetrical CpG dinucleotides, typical of nuclear genome, but in a peculiar non-CpG pattern previously reported for plants and fungi. The molecular mechanisms responsible for this pattern remain an open question.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Human DNA methylomes at base resolution show widespread epigenomic differences
Lister, R., Pelizzola, M., Dowen, R. H., Hawkins, R. D., Hon, G., Tonti-Filippini, J., Nery, J. R., Lee, L., Ye, Z., Ngo, Q.-M., et al. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08514 · Cited by 4,673
CpG islands and the regulation of transcription
Deaton, A. M., & Bird, A. (2011) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.2037511 · Cited by 3,187
The Nuclear DNA Base 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Is Present in Purkinje Neurons and the Brain
Kriaucionis, S., & Heintz, N. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1169786 · Cited by 2,700
Genomic DNA methylation: the mark and its mediators.
Klose, R. J., & Bird, A. P. (2006) · Trends in Biochemical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2005.12.008 · Cited by 2,501
EUKARYOTIC CYTOSINE METHYLTRANSFERASES
Goll, M. G., & Bestor, T. H. (2005) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.74.010904.153721 · Cited by 2,063
Saxonov, S., Berg, P., & Brutlag, D. L. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0510310103 · Cited by 1,401
Hydroxylation of 5-Methylcytosine by TET1 Promotes Active DNA Demethylation in the Adult Brain
Guo, J. U., Su, Y., Zhong, C., Ming, G.-L., & Song, H. (2011) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.03.022 · Cited by 1,360
Mitochondrial pseudogenes: evolution's misplaced witnesses
Bensasson, D. (2001) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/s0169-5347(01)02151-6 · Cited by 1,142
Ramsahoye, B. H., Biniszkiewicz, D., Lyko, F., Clark, V., Bird, A. P., & Jaenisch, R. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.97.10.5237 · Cited by 970
Tissue Distribution of 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine and Search for Active Demethylation Intermediates
Globisch, D., Münzel, M., Müller, M., Michalakis, S., Wagner, M., Koch, S., Brückl, T., Biel, M., & Carell, T. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0015367 · Cited by 862
Cited by
Mitochondrial DNA in innate immune responses and inflammatory pathology
West, A. P., & Shadel, G. S. (2017) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri.2017.21 · Cited by 1,115
Mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction in ageing and age-related diseases
Amorim, J. A., Coppotelli, G., Rolo, A. P., Palmeira, C. M., Ross, J. M., & Sinclair, D. A. (2022) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-021-00626-7 · Cited by 990
Clare, C. E., Brassington, A. H., Kwong, W. Y., & Sinclair, K. D. (2019) · Annual Review of Animal Biosciences · doi:10.1146/annurev-animal-020518-115206 · Cited by 394
The epigenetics of aging and neurodegeneration
Lardenoije, R., Iatrou, A., Kenis, G., Kompotis, K., Steinbusch, H. W. M., Mastroeni, D., Coleman, P., Lemere, C. A., Hof, P. R., van den Hove, D. L. A., et al. (2015) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.05.002 · Cited by 381
The epigenetic landscape related to reactive oxygen species formation in the cardiovascular system
Kietzmann, T., Petry, A., Shvetsova, A., Gerhold, J. M., & Görlach, A. (2017) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.13792 · Cited by 253
Metadata
- Authors
- Bellizzi, D., D'Aquila, P., Scafone, T., Giordano, M., Riso, V., Riccio, A., & Passarino, G.
- Venue
- DNA Research
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2013-06-26
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 537-547
- ISSN
- 1340-2838 (ISSN-L)
- 1756-1663
- OpenAlex
- W2184618836
- Cited by
- 266
- References
- 49
- FWCI
- 8.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Control Region of Mitochondrial DNA Shows an Unusual CpG and Non-CpG Methylation Pattern. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/dnares/dst029
- The paper
- Bellizzi, D., D'Aquila, P., Scafone, T., Giordano, M., Riso, V., Riccio, A., & Passarino, G. (2013). The Control Region of Mitochondrial DNA Shows an Unusual CpG and Non-CpG Methylation Pattern. DNA Research. https://doi.org/10.1093/dnares/dst029
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
