The DOI matches its Crossref record; 50 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Effect of exercise training on plasma levels of C-reactive protein in healthy adults: the HERITAGE Family Study
Abstract
AIMS: To study the effect of exercise training on plasma C-reactive protein, a marker of inflammation. METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed a 20 week standardized exercise training programme in 652 sedentary healthy white and black men and women. C-reactive protein was measured with a high sensitivity assay. The study sample was stratified according to baseline C-reactive protein levels using a recommended classification (low <1.0 mg/L, n=265; moderate 1.0-3.0 mg/L, n=225; high >3.0 mg/L, n=162). The median C-reactive protein reduction was 1.34 mg/L in the high baseline C-reactive protein group. C-reactive protein levels did not change in the low or moderate baseline C-reactive protein groups. The difference among the C-reactive protein groups was significant adjusting for all correlates of baseline C-reactive protein (P<0.001) and additionally for changes in body weight, glucose, insulin, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and maximal oxygen uptake (P<0.001). The C-reactive protein reduction in the high baseline C-reactive protein group was consistent across all population groups (P<0.001 for difference among baseline C-reactive protein groups). CONCLUSION: Plasma C-reactive protein levels are reduced in response to exercise training in sedentary healthy adults with high initial C-reactive protein levels. This finding may partly explain the effectiveness of regular physical activity in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In another study, low plasma vitamin C concentrations were related to central fat distribution, independent of BMI (758) .”
From Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity (2011) · cites this paper as [758]
Citations
Cites
Pearson, T. A., Mensah, G. A., Alexander, R. W., Anderson, J. L., Cannon, R. O., Criqui, M., Fadl, Y. Y., Fortmann, S. P., Hong, Y., Myers, G. L., et al. (2003) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000052939.59093.45 · Cited by 6,401
Ridker, P. M., Rifai, N., Rose, L., Buring, J. E., & Cook, N. R. (2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa021993 · Cited by 3,604
Yudkin, J. S., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Emeis, J. J., & Coppack, S. W. (1999) · Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.19.4.972 · Cited by 2,465
Chronic Subclinical Inflammation as Part of the Insulin Resistance Syndrome
Festa, A., D’Agostino, R., Howard, G., Mykkänen, L., Tracy, R. P., & Haffner, S. M. (2000) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.102.1.42 · Cited by 2,366
Ridker, P. M., Buring, J. E., Cook, N. R., & Rifai, N. (2003) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000055014.62083.05 · Cited by 2,292
Thompson, P. D., Buchner, D., Piña, I. L., Balady, G. J., Williams, M. A., Marcus, B. H., Berra, K., Blair, S. N., Costa, F., Franklin, B., et al. (2003) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000075572.40158.77 · Cited by 2,132
Paffenbarger, R. S., Hyde, R. T., Wing, A. L., Lee, I.-M., Jung, D. L., & Kampert, J. B. (1993) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199302253280804 · Cited by 1,972
Köenig, W., Sund, M., Fröhlich, M., Fischer, H.-G., Löwel, H., Döring, A., Hutchinson, W. L., & Pepys, M. B. (1999) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.99.2.237 · Cited by 1,952
Esposito, K., Pontillo, A., Di Palo, C., Giugliano, G., Masella, M., Marfella, R., & Giugliano, D. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.14.1799 · Cited by 1,511
Ridker, P. M., Rifai, N., Pfeffer, M. A., Sacks, F. M., Moye, L. A., Goldman, S., Flaker, G. C., & Braunwald, E. (1998) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.98.9.839 · Cited by 1,389
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 205
ApoE Genotype: Impact on Health, Fitness and Nutrition
Angelopoulos, T. J., & Lowndes, J. (2008) · World review of nutrition and dietetics · doi:10.1159/000152923 · Cited by 13
Djarova, T. G., Watson, G. M. F., Basson, A. K., Grace, J. M., Cloete, J. G., & Ramakoaba, A. (2011) · African Journal of Biochemistry Research · doi:10.5897/ajbr.9000011 · Cited by 13
The Effects of Exercise on Lipid Biomarkers
Mendoza, M. F., Kachur, S. M., & Lavie, C. J. (2021) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-1558-4_6 · Cited by 12
Wu, T. Y., Yeh, H. I., Chan, P., Chiou, Y. F., & Tsai, J. C. (2007) · Cited by 11
Association of Leisure Time Physical Activity and Metabolic Syndrome over 40 Years
Park, M.-Y., Kim, S.-H., Cho, Y. J., Chung, R.-H., & Lee, K.-T. (2014) · Korean Journal of Family Medicine · doi:10.4082/kjfm.2014.35.2.65 · Cited by 11
Physical inactivity and cardiovascular risk: baseline observations from men and premenopausal women
Garelnabi, M., Veledar, E., Abramson, J. L., White-Welkley, J. E., Santanam, N., Weintraub, W. S., & Parthasarathy, S. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis · doi:10.1002/jcla.20368 · Cited by 11
Role of Resistance Exercise in Reducing Risk for Cardiometabolic Disease
Alberga, A. S., Sigal, R. J., & Kenny, G. P. (2010) · Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports · doi:10.1007/s12170-010-0115-7 · Cited by 11
Koch, A. M. E., & Singer, H. (2005) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehi488 · Cited by 10
Li, Y., Hui, C. L. M., Lee, E. H. M., Chang, W. C., Chan, S. K. W., Leung, C., & Chen, E. Y. H. (2013) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/eip.12109 · Cited by 9
L’activité physique dans le traitement de l’hypertension artérielle
Chanudet, X., de Cremeur, G. L., & Bonnevie, L. (2006) · La Presse Médicale · doi:10.1016/s0755-4982(06)74752-2 · Cited by 8
Alizadeh, H., Daryanoosh, F., Moatari, M., & Hoseinzadeh, K. (2015) · PubMed Central · Cited by 8
Thyregod, M., Løkke, A., Skou, S. T., Larsen, J., & Bødtger, U. C. S. (2022) · Chronic Respiratory Disease · doi:10.1177/14799731221112439 · Cited by 8
Cardiovascular disease, statins and vitamin D
Wilding, P. M. (2012) · British Journal of Nursing · doi:10.12968/bjon.2012.21.4.214 · Cited by 8
Borodulin, K. (2006) · Cited by 7
Immune system benefits of pulmonary rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Abbasi, A., Wang, D., Stringer, W. W., Casaburi, R. H., & Rossiter, H. B. (2024) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/ep091678 · Cited by 7
The pulmonary rehabilitation regimen: a treatment for frailty and ‘inflammaging’?
Tanner, A. R., Vassallo, M., Kwan, J., & Allen, S. (2018) · British Journal of Hospital Medicine · doi:10.12968/hmed.2018.79.8.432 · Cited by 7
Ketabipoor, S. M., & Jahromi, M. K. (2015) · Women’s Health Bulletin · doi:10.17795/whb-25048 · Cited by 7
Kargarfard, M., Nobarı, H., Kamyar, K., Zadeh, A. K., & Oliveira, R. F. S. (2022) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113976 · Cited by 7
Kandola, A. A., & Brendon, S. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-71229-7_26 · Cited by 7
Angelopoulos, T. J., Miles, M. P., Lowndes, J., Sivo, S. A., Seip, R. L., Pescatello, L. S., Zoeller, R. F., Visich, P. S., Gordon, P. M., Moyna, N. M., et al. (2008) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2008.04.013 · Cited by 6
The Effect of Weight Loss on C-Reactive Protein: A Systematic Review
Selvin, E. (2007) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.167.1.31 · Cited by 5
Social integration after moving to a new city predicts lower systolic blood pressure
Roddick, C. M., Christie, C. D., Madden, K. M., & Chen, F. S. (2021) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.13924 · Cited by 5
Molecular correlates of spontaneous activity in non-human primates
Mitchell, A., Aldridge, G. M., Kohler, S. J., Stanton, G., Sullivan, E. L., Garbett, K. A., Faludi, G., Mirnics, K., Cameron, J. L., & Greenough, W. T. (2010) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-010-0483-7 · Cited by 5
Links between Exercise Capacity, Exercise Training, and Metabolism
Spagnolo, A., Klug, S., Schenkl, C., & Schwarzer, M. (2023) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/j.2040-4603.2023.tb00283.x · Cited by 4
Bitkin, E. Ç., Kara, C., Yılmaz, G. C., Mammadova, J., & Aydın, H. M. (2021) · Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1515/jpem-2021-0268 · Cited by 4
Church, T. S., Lavie, C. J., Sarzynski, M. A., & Swift, D. L. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-28786-9.00019-0 · Cited by 4
The Benefit of the Mediterranean-Style Diet in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Diabetes
Reisin, E. (2010) · Current Hypertension Reports · doi:10.1007/s11906-010-0102-x · Cited by 4
Farbod, M., Eizadi, M., Rashidi, M., & Mirakhori, Z. (2020) · International journal of basic science in medicine · doi:10.34172/ijbsm.2020.04 · Cited by 3
Tsao, T. H., Yang, C. B., & Hsu, C. H. (2012) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2012.10599860 · Cited by 3
Zakavi, I., Bizhani, B., Hashemi, M. B., & Ghaisii, E. (2015) · Jentashapir Journal of Health Research · doi:10.17795/jjhr-24720 · Cited by 4
A model of infection and immune response to low dose radiation
Kirkby, C. (2022) · International Journal of Radiation Biology · doi:10.1080/09553002.2022.2020361 · Cited by 3
Salamat, K. M., & Bakhtiari, N. (2017) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 3
Post-Ischemic Stroke Cardiovascular Risk Prevention and Management
Guo, Y., Pan, D., Wan, H., & Yang, J. (2024) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare12141415 · Cited by 2
Exercise and inflammation: reply
Lakka, T. A. (2006) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehi868 · Cited by 2
Self-citationExercise and Cardiovascular Health in Children: A New Paradigm on the Horizon?
Rawland, T. (2009) · Pediatric Exercise Science · doi:10.1123/pes.21.3.249 · Cited by 2
Saremi, A., Parastesh, M., & Tavangar, M. (2022) · PubMed Central · doi:10.22122/ahj.v14i1.1193 · Cited by 2
Exercise in Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes: A Central Role for Insulin Sensitivity
Schauer, I. E., Regensteiner, J. G., & Reusch, J. E. B. (2019) · Contemporary Endocrinology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-25057-7_18 · Cited by 4
Alizadeh, H., Bazgir, B., Daryanoosh, F., Jahromi, M. K., & Sobhani, V. (2014) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 2
Something’s happening here; what it is ain’t exactly clear*
Sloan, R. P. (2012) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2012.02546.x · Cited by 2
Sheykhiyan, N., Rahami, E., & Ostovan, M. A. (2015) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 2
Lee, W.-L., Park, H., 김명화, 윤아람, 권순미, 정준현, & Jun, J. (2009) · Exercise Science · doi:10.15857/ksep.2009.18.4.467 · Cited by 2
Effects of Exercise in Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes: A Central Role for Insulin Sensitivity
Schauer, I. E., Regensteiner, J. G., & Reusch, J. E. B. (2009) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-192-5_15 · Cited by 2
Tiksnadi, B. B., Aziz, M., Chesario, M. S., Renaldi, M., Triadi, A., Sastradimaja, S. B., Purnomowati, A., & Aprami, T. M. (2019) · ACI (Acta Cardiologia Indonesiana) · doi:10.22146/aci.44548 · Cited by 2
Sadeghi, M., Mohammadi, A., & Khajehlandi, A. (2019) · Jundishapur Journal of Health Sciences · doi:10.5812/jjhs.87511 · Cited by 2
Physical activity, genetic variation, and Type 2 diabetes
Kilpeläinen, T. O. (2009) · UEF eRepo (University of Eastern Finland) · Cited by 2
Tuite, P. K. (2012) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh) · Cited by 1
Aerobic Training Does Not Alter CRP Concentrations in Apparently Healthy, Untrained Men
Stoutenberg, M. (2008) · Cited by 1
Roshan, V. D., & Jolazadeh, T. (2010) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 1
허금, Park, D., Jun, T.-W., Song, W. J., 김광준, & 김권일 (2009) · 한국특수체육학회지 · doi:10.17006/kjapa.2009.17.4.109 · Cited by 1
Metabolic and Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise in the Adult With Diabetes
Todd, C. W. (2010) · Orthopaedic Section, APTA, Inc. eBooks · doi:10.17832/isc.2010.20.1.3 · Cited by 1
Rashidlamir, A., & Jaafari, M. (2013) · Cited by 1
Kang, S. (2010) · Journal of Life Science · doi:10.5352/jls.2010.20.7.1066 · Cited by 1
Gholami, F., Bashiri, J., & Amanollahi, N. (2020) · Bimonthly Journal of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences · doi:10.5812/hmj.103143 · Cited by 1
Moghaddasi, Y., Ghazalian, F., Abediankenari, S., Ebrahim, K., & Abednatanzi, H. (2022) · PubMed Central · doi:10.22088/cjim.13.1.38 · Cited by 1
Physical activity in obesity and inflammation prevention and management
Venegas, O. G., & Mehrzad, R. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-90960-0.00004-7 · Cited by 1
The genetics of exercise behavior and psychological well-being
Stubbe, J. H. (2006) · Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) · Cited by 1
CHAPTER 20 – Exercise and Lipids
Church, T., & Lavie, C. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-141605469-6.50024-x
New Frontiers for Cardiac Risk Assessment: C-Reactive Protein
Martin, C. M., & Almond, J. (2006) · The Consultant Pharmacist · doi:10.4140/tcp.n.2006.188 · Cited by 1
The role of ‘Play Touch Rugby League’ and self-paced interval running for improving men’s health
Dobbin, N. (2015) · ChesterRep (University of Chester) · Cited by 1
Stroke and coronary heart disease in relation to hyperglycemia gender and age
Hyvärinen, M. (2009) · Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja
SMART risk factor screening in patients at high vascular risk
Brouwer, B. (2008) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)
EVIDÊNCIAS PARA PRESCRIÇÃO DO EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO NA TERAPÊUTICA DA DISFUNÇÃO ENDOTELIAL
Krinski, K., Soares, I. A., Elsangedy, H. M., Colombo, H., Buzzachera, C. F., de Campos, W., & da Silva, S. G. (2007) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) · doi:10.25110/arqsaude.v11i2.2007.1525
Farahani, H. S., Khaledan, A. A., Rahimi, A., & Barati, A. H. (2014) · Advances in life sciences
Inflammation and lifestyle in cardiovascular medicine
Andersson, J. S. O. (2010) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)
Marcadet, D.-M., & Blanc, P. (2008) · EMC - Cardiologie · doi:10.1016/s1166-4568(08)43791-9
Iranpour, D., Movahed, A., Goudarzi, A., Tarverdizadeh, B., Akbarzadeh, S., Motamed, N., Pakdel, F., Hagian, A. A., Seyedian, R., Vahdi, S., et al. (2014) · African Journal of Biochemistry Research · doi:10.5897/ajbr2013.0729
Association of Leisure Time Physical Activity and Metabolic Syndrome over 40 Years Original Article
Park, M.-Y., Kim, S.-H., Cho, Y. J., Chung, R.-H., & Lee, K.-T. (2016)
Effect of a stepwise cycling on insulin resistance and CRP in adult males with type II diabetic
Hussein, S., Mohammad, P., Hussein, D., & Firooz, D. S. (2012)
THE MEDITERRANEAN DIET: A HISTORY OF HEALTH (REVIEW ARTICLE)
Altomare, R., Cacciabaudo, F., Damiano, G., Palumbo, V. D., Concetta, G. M., Bellavia, M., Tomasello, G., & Ai, L. M. (2013)
Ajisaka, R., Tanabe, T., Otsuki, T., Murakami, H., Maeda, S., TANAKA, K., Sone, H., & Kuno, S. (2007) · 体力科學 · doi:10.7600/jspfsm.56.179
Spiegler, P. A. (2009) · Clinical Pulmonary Medicine · doi:10.1097/cpm.0b013e3181b6399e
Miyashita, M. (2006) · Loughborough University Institutional Repository (Loughborough University)
Exercise Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes
Sparks, L. M. (2016) · The Endocrine Society eBooks · doi:10.1210/mtp5.9781943550043.ch19
Prävention und Therapie der Adipositas und schwangerschaftsbedingter Erkrankungen durch Sport
Korsten-Reck, U., & Röttger, K. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48760-0_9
Weissgerber, T. L. (2009) · QSpace (Queen's University Library)
Prajapat, B. (2016) · Journal of Lung Pulmonary & Respiratory Research · doi:10.15406/jlprr.2016.03.00105
The Effects of Different Dose of Exercise on Some Acute Phase Proteins and Lipid Profiles in Rats
Öztürk, N., & Ulutaş, P. A. (2016) · Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.5336/sportsci.2016-52383
Robinson, A. (2011) · JMU Scholoraly Commons (James Madison University)
An Overview on Rhodiola rosea in Cardiovascular Health, Mood Alleviation, and Energy Metabolism
Duncan, M. J., & Clarke, N. D. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-805413-0.00011-9
Eizadi, M., Farbod, M., Goodarzi, M. T., & Afsharmand, Z. (2017) · Avicenna Journal of Medical Biochemistry · doi:10.15171/ajmb.2017.13
Hoekstra, S. P. (2018) · Loughborough University Institutional Repository (Loughborough University)
Özgür, G., Taşçı, İ., Tapan, S., Çelebi, G., Selçuk, A., Altun, B., Taşkın, G., Sönmez, A., Başgöz, B. B., & Erdem, G. (2018) · DergiPark (Istanbul University)
Shahedi, V., & Soori, R. (2019) · Journal of Archives in Military Medicine · doi:10.5812/jamm.90524
The role of exercise in modulating vascular function in childhood and adolescent obesity
Duff, D. (2019) · cIRcle (University of British Columbia) · doi:10.14288/1.0380065
Perceptions of and Objective Measures of Gendered Stress in Construction
Porter, J. (2019) · ResearchWorks at the University of Washington (University of Washington)
Acute Inflammatory Responses To Three Different Isokinetic Bench Press Loading Protocols
Koski, M. (2021) · Jyväskylä University Digital Archive (University of Jyväskylä)
Immune responses across a women's soccer season: an exploratory study
Wright, B. J. (2019) · Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) · doi:10.17615/452q-6q37
Shahrabadi, N. R., Shemshaki, A., & Kazemi, F. (2021) · Health Research Journal · doi:10.52547/hrjbaq.7.1.24
Thyregod, M., Løkke, A., Skou, S. T., Larsen, J., & Bødtger, U. C. S. (2020) · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-34469/v1
Zakavi, I., Bizhani, B., & Ghaisii, M. B. H. E. (2015) · Jentashapir Journal of Health Research · doi:10.5812/jjhr.24720v2
Prävention und Therapie der Adipositas und schwangerschaftsbedingter Erkrankungen durch Sport
Friesenborg, H., Röttger, K., & Korsten-Reck, U. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-67952-4_10
Yoo, S., & Park, D. Y. (2024) · The Korean Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.5763/kjsm.2024.42.4.262
Variations in ten-year cardiovascular disease risk and determinants in five countries
Alemu, M., Bagheri, N., Wangdi, K., Richardson, A., & Chateau, D. G. (2025) · Journal of Global Health Economics and Policy · doi:10.52872/001c.142704
Metadata
- Authors
- Lakka, T. A., Lakka, H.-M., Rankinen, T., Leon, A. S., Rao, D. C., Skinner, J. S., Wilmore, J. H., & Bouchard, C.
- Affiliations
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
- Louisiana State University (US)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Indiana University Bloomington (US)
- Texas A&M University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lakka, Timo A.
- Venue
- European Heart Journal
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2005-06-29
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 19
- Pages
- 2018-2025
- ISSN
- 0195-668X (ISSN-L)
- 1522-9645
- OpenAlex
- W2144871493
- Cited by
- 206
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 17.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Heart Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL047327, HL 47321, HL 45670, HL47323, R01HL047317, HL 47327, R01HL047323, HL47317, R01HL045670, R01HL047321)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Keywords
- C-reactive protein, exercise training, inflammation, sedentary adults, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, cardiovascular disease prevention, metabolic disorders, physical activity, HERITAGE Family Study
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Blood, C-Reactive Protein, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Exercise, Risk Reduction Behavior, Black People, White People
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review