Cited by 58Nutrition and Health in AgingMuscle metabolism and nutritionMuscle Physiology and Disorders

Nutritional Interventions: Dietary Protein Needs and Influences on Skeletal Muscle of Older Adults

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Campbell, Wayne W, Deutz, Nicolaas E P, Volpi, Elena, Apovian, Caroline M·2023·The Journals of Gerontology: Series A

Abstract

Background: This narrative review describes foundational and emerging evidence of how dietary protein intakes may influence muscle-related attributes of older adults. Methods: PubMed was used to identify pertinent research. Results: Among medically stable older adults, protein intakes below the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) (0.8 g/kg body weight [BW]/d) exacerbate age-related reductions in muscle size, quality, and function. Dietary patterns with total protein intakes at or moderately above the RDA, including one or preferably more meals containing sufficient dietary protein to maximize protein anabolism, promote muscle size and function. Some observational studies suggest protein intakes from 1.0 to 1.6 g/kg BW/d may promote greater muscle strength and function more so than muscle size. Experimental findings from randomized controlled feeding trials indicate protein intakes greater than the RDA (averaging ~1.3 g/kg BW/d) do not influence indices of lean body mass or muscle and physical functions with non-stressed conditions, but positively influence changes in lean body mass with purposeful catabolic (energy restriction) or anabolic (resistance exercise training) stressors. Among older adults with diagnosed medical conditions or acute illness, specialized protein or amino acid supplements that stimulate muscle protein synthesis and improve protein nutritional status may attenuate the loss of muscle mass and function and improve survival of malnourished patients. Observational studies favor animal versus plant protein sources for sarcopenia-related parameters. Conclusions: Quantity, quality, and patterning of dietary protein consumed by older adults with varied metabolic states, and hormonal and health status influence the nutritional needs and therapeutic use of protein to support muscle size and function.

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  1. Bloom I, Shand C, Cooper C, Robinson S, Baird J. Diet quality and sarcopenia in older adults: a systematic review. Nutrients. 2018;10(3):308. doi:10.3390/nu10030308 · DOI · Paper page

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Authors
Campbell, W. W., Deutz, N. E. P., Volpi, E., & Apovian, C. M.
Affiliations
  • Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
  • Texas A&M University (US)
  • The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (US)
  • Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
Corresponding author
Campbell, Wayne W
Venue
The Journals of Gerontology: Series A
Published
2023-06-01
Volume
78
Issue
Supplement_1
Pages
67-72
ISSN
  • 1079-5006 (ISSN-L)
  • 1758-535X
OpenAlex
W4380869412
Cited by
58
References
36
Citations by year
2026: 24 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 5
FWCI
2.07
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • The Journals of Gerontology Series A (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute on Aging
  • National Institutes of Health
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
Keywords
protein intake, older adults, sarcopenia, skeletal muscle, muscle strength, muscle function, muscle mass, RDA, protein supplementation, amino acid supplements, caloric restriction, resistance training, lean body mass, malnutrition, muscle protein synthesis
MeSH terms
Body Composition, Dietary Proteins, Humans, Nutritional Status, Muscle, Skeletal, Dietary Supplements, Muscle Strength, Sarcopenia

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