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Increased Velocity Exercise Specific to Task Training Versus the National Institute on Aging's Strength Training Program: Changes in Limb Power and Mobility
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: This study was designed to evaluate the benefits of InVEST (Increased Velocity Specific to Task) training on limb power and mobility among mobility-limited older adults. METHODS: We conducted a single blinded, randomized controlled trial among 138 mobility-limited community-dwelling older adults, evaluating two 16-week supervised exercise programs. The intervention group participated in InVEST training, and the control group participated in the National Institute on Aging's (NIA) strength training program. Primary outcomes were changes in limb power per kilogram and mobility performance as measured by the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). RESULTS: After 16 weeks, InVEST produced significantly greater improvements in limb power than NIA (p=.02). There was no significant difference in strength improvements. Both groups had significant changes in SPPB of greater than 1 unit. Self-reported function was also significantly improved in both groups. Differences between groups were not statistically different. In a post hoc analysis when participants were categorized by the manifestation of baseline leg velocity impairments (N=68), InVEST training produced effect size differences in SPPB that were clinically meaningful (SPPB Group x Time difference 0.73 units, p=.05). CONCLUSIONS: Among mobility-limited older adults, both NIA and InVEST produce robust changes in observed physical performance and self-reported function. These improvements were not meaningfully different by statistical or clinical criteria. Compared with NIA, InVEST training produced greater improvements in limb power and equivalent improvements in strength. Observed differences between NIA and InVEST based upon baseline leg impairment status are informative for futures studies.
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“Furthermore, previous analyses included studies with multiple cointerventions across groups. For example, the largest study used standing functional exercises for PT, and the control group used seated exercises.20”
From Comparison of Power Training vs Traditional Strength Training on Physical Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [20]
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“The effects appeared even larger than after strength training and endurance training [3, 4, 7, 8, 17–20].”
From Effectiveness of power training compared to strength training in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
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“However, SB compliance appeared low overall compared to a previous study of the same intervention in adults (21, 47) and other studies with elders (66).”
From Effectiveness of a Disability Preventive Intervention for Minority and Immigrant Elders: The Positive Minds-Strong Bodies Randomized Clinical Trial (2019) · cites this paper as [47]
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“Power training consequently also improved physical functioning in daily life.”
From Effectiveness of power training compared to strength training in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
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“Compared to muscle strength, leg power consistently explained a greater proportion of the variance (2–8%) on all measures of physical performance (stair climb and chair stand performance, gait speed and the SPPB) assessed in these mobility-limited participants.”
From Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning in Older Adults (2012) · cites this paper as [5]
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“Five studies were considered to have ‘good’ internal validity [3, 30, 33, 35, 38], 8 studies were classified as ‘poor’ to ‘fair’ [4, 5, 9, 29, 31, 32, 37, 39], and 1 study was classified as having ‘poor’ interal validity [7].”
From Effectiveness of power training compared to strength training in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
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Latham, N. K., Bennett, D., Stretton, C. M., & Anderson, C. S. (2004) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/59.1.m48 · Cited by 553
Bean, J. F., Leveille, S. G., Kiely, D. K., Bandinelli, S., Guralnik, J. M., & Ferrucci, L. (2003) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/58.8.m728 · Cited by 529
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Fragala, M. S., Cadore, E. L., Dorgo, S., Izquierdo, M., Kraemer, W. J., Peterson, M. D., & Ryan, E. D. (2019) · Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000003230 · Cited by 1,290
Dynapenia and aging: an update
Manini, T. M., & Clark, B. C. (2012) · The Journals of Gerontology: Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glr010 · Cited by 875
Skeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning in Older Adults
Reid, K. F., & Fielding, R. A. (2012) · Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews · doi:10.1097/jes.0b013e31823b5f13 · Cited by 913
“More recently, Bean and colleagues (8) compared the effects of a 16-wk program of InVEST training with a progressive resistance training program advocated by the National Institute on Aging among mobilityimpaired older adults.”
BackgroundGiné-Garriga, M., Roqué-Fíguls, M., Coll-Planas, L., Sitjà-Rabert, M., & Salvà, A. (2014) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2013.11.007 · Cited by 468
Byrne, C., Faure, C., Keene, D. J., & Lamb, S. E. (2016) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-016-0489-x · Cited by 234
Metadata
- Authors
- Bean, J. F., Kiely, D. K., LaRose, S., O'Neill, E., Goldstein, R., & Frontera, W. R.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Hebrew SeniorLife (US)
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital (US)
- Venue
- The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2009-05-04
- Volume
- 64A
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 983-991
- ISSN
- 1079-5006 (ISSN-L)
- 1758-535X
- PMC
- PMC2720885
- OpenAlex
- W2165515391
- Cited by
- 138
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 26.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journals of Gerontology Series A (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (K23AG019663)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Keywords
- resistance training, older adults, muscle strength, mobility (physical function), Short Physical Performance Battery, exercise intervention, self-reported function
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Exercise Therapy, Extremities, Female, Humans, Locomotion, Male, Exercise, Single-Blind Method, Muscle, Skeletal, Resistance Training
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