Lower extremity power training in elderly subjects with mobility limitations: a randomized controlled trial.
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Background and aims This study investigated whether high-velocity high-power training (POW) improved lower extremity muscle power and quality in functionally-limited elders greater than traditional slow-velocity progressive resistance training (STR).Methods Fifty-seven community-dwelling older adults aged 74.2+/-7 (range 65-94 yrs), Short Physical Performance Battery score 7.7+/-1.4, were randomized to either POW (n=23) (12 females), STR (n=22) (13 females) or a control group of lower extremity stretching (CON) (n=12) (6 females). Training was performed three times per week for 12 weeks and subjects completed three sets of double leg press and knee extension exercises at 70% of the one repetition maximum (1RM). Outcome measures included 1RM strength and peak power (PP). Total leg lean mass was determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to estimate specific strength and specific PP.Results During training, power output was consistently higher in POW compared to STR for knee extension (approximately 2.3-fold) and leg press (approximately 2.8-fold) exercises (p<0.01). Despite this, PP and specific PP of the knee extensors increased similarly from baseline in POW and STR compared to CON (p<0.01), and no significant time-group interaction occurred for PP of the leg extensors. However, gains in leg press specific PP were significantly greater in POW compared to both STR and CON (p<0.05). Total leg lean mass did not change within any group.Conclusions A short-term intervention of high-velocity power training and traditional slow-velocity progressive resistance training yielded similar increases of lower extremity power in the mobility-impaired elderly. Neuromuscular adaptations to power training, rather than skeletal muscle hypertrophy, may have facilitated the improvements in muscle quality. Additional studies are warranted to test the efficacy of power training in older individuals with compromised physical functioning.
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Scores on the 12-point SPPB summary scale indicate a gradient of functional decline that is highly predictive of subsequent mobility-related disability, institutionalization, and mortality.
“Scores obtained on a 12 point summary scale indicate a gradient of functional decline that has been shown to be highly predictive of subsequent mobility-related disability, institutionalization, and mortality (22).”
From Skeletal Muscle Power (2012) · cites this paper as [22]
The Introduction says the SPPB assesses lower-extremity function and predicts subsequent disability, institutionalization, and mortality. The Methods use an SPPB score of ≤9 to define mobility impairment, but our copy does not specify a 12-point scale or state that its scores indicate a gradient of functional decline. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe Short Physical Performance Battery has been validated in large-scale epidemiologic studies and offers advantages over self-report measures of functional status in applicability and reproducibility.
“The SPPB has been validated in large-scale epidemiologic studies and offers additional advantages over self-report measures of functional status in terms of applicability and reproducibility.”
From Skeletal Muscle Power (2012) · cites this paper as [22]
The Introduction describes the SPPB as a standardized performance test and says such tests may offer advantages over self-report measures in reproducibility and applicability. It does not state that the SPPB was validated in large-scale epidemiologic studies, and it hedges the claimed advantages. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSix RCTs recruited older adults with low to moderate functioning.
“Most of the studies (14 of 20 [70%]) enrolled community-living older adults who were well functioning, and 6 RCTs recruited older adults with low to moderate functioning.30,33,39,50,51”
From Comparison of Power Training vs Traditional Strength Training on Physical Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [33]
Most studies (14 of 20 [70%]) enrolled community-living older adults who were well functioning.
“Most of the studies (14 of 20 [70%]) enrolled community-living older adults who were well functioning, and 6 RCTs recruited older adults with low to moderate functioning.30,33,39,50,51”
From Comparison of Power Training vs Traditional Strength Training on Physical Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [33]
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- Authors
- Reid, K. F., Callahan, D. M., Carabello, R. J., Phillips, E. M., Frontera, W. R., & Fielding, R. A.
- Affiliations
- Tufts University (US)
- Boston University (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fielding, Roger A.
- Venue
- Aging Clinical and Experimental Research
- Published
- 2008-08
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 337-343
- ISSN
- 1594-0667 (ISSN-L)
- 1720-8319
- PMC
- PMC2673568
- OpenAlex
- W2002850170
- Cited by
- 153
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 8.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Aging Clinical and Experimental Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (AG18844, R01AG018844)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01-RR-00533, M01RR000533)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
- Keywords
- progressive resistance training, older adults, mobility limitations, knee extension, leg press, one-repetition maximum, leg lean mass, neuromuscular adaptation, muscle quality
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Exercise, Treatment Outcome, Lower Extremity, Mobility Limitation
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