Muscle performance and physical function are associated with voluntary rate of neuromuscular activation in older adults
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Muscle power is related to mobility function in older adults, and effective power production requires rapid neuromuscular activation. Accordingly, this study examines the association of neuromuscular activation rate with muscle performance in persons of different age and mobility function. METHODS: Participants were recruited to three experimental groups: middle-aged healthy adults (MH), older healthy adults (OH), and older adults with mobility limitations (OML). OH and OML were primarily differentiated by performance on the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Muscle performance (acceleration and power) and electromyography (EMG) were recorded during a maximal-effort leg press task at an absolute resistance (260 N) and at a relative resistance (70% of the one-repetition maximum [1 RM]). Neuromuscular activation rate was quantified as pre-movement time (duration between EMG onset and movement onset) and the rate of EMG rise. RESULTS: Pre-movement time, rate of EMG rise, leg press acceleration, and leg press power were lower in OML relative to MH and OH but did not differ between OH and MH, with the exception of power at 70% 1RM. Across all older participants, rate of EMG rise was positively associated with acceleration, power, and the SPPB score. CONCLUSIONS: Slowing of neuromuscular activation rate is associated with compromised dynamic muscle performance, which may contribute to mobility limitations in some older adults. Future research should identify the precise neurophysiological impairments that contribute to declines in neuromuscular activation rate and mobility function with aging.
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In older adults, a multiple-attempt peak power protocol using pneumatic resistance equipment produces significantly higher performance and better reliability than single-attempt protocols at varying external resistances.
“A recent systematic evaluation of this methodology demonstrated that peak power assessment with a multiple attempt protocol using pneumatic resistance equipment yields significantly higher performance and better reliability than protocols involving a single attempt at varying external resistances on pneumatic equipment in older adults (11).”
From Skeletal Muscle Power (2012) · cites this paper as [11]
The Protocol and Instrumentation sections describe multiple leg-press attempts at two resistance levels using pneumatic equipment. But the Data Analysis section compares participant groups, not multiple-attempt with single-attempt protocols; our copy reports no reliability comparison or finding that one protocol yields higher performance. It therefore does not support the claimed systematic evaluation or its comparative result. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredWhen muscle power is measured across external resistances from 40% to 90% of one-repetition maximum, peak power is usually produced at about 70% of one-repetition maximum, while maximal contraction velocity usually occurs at 40% of one-repetition maximum.
“When muscle power is assessed across a range of external resistances (40%–90% of one repetition maximum (1RM)), peak muscle power is typically yielded at approximately 70% of the 1RM while maximal contraction velocity typically occurs at the lowest external resistance (40% of 1RM)(11, 15, 18).”
From Skeletal Muscle Power (2012) · cites this paper as [11]
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAge-related impairment of neuromuscular activation contributes to weakness in older adults.
“Age-related impairment of neuromuscular activation has been shown to contribute to weakness in older adults.”
From Does quadriceps neuromuscular activation capability explain walking speed in older men and women? (2014) · cites this paper as [5]
The Abstract (page unavailable) links age-related slowing of neuromuscular activation to older adults’ impaired ability to produce force rapidly. The Discussion (page unavailable) reports an association with dynamic muscle performance, but found no activation-rate difference between healthy middle-aged and older adults. The paper therefore supports a narrower association, not a demonstrated causal contribution to weakness generally or an impairment attributable solely to aging. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredImpaired neuromuscular activation is an important factor in the multifactorial etiology of loss of power production.
“Loss of power production has a multi-factorial etiology, and our recent studies indicate that impaired neuromuscular activation is an important factor 4, 5.”
From Does quadriceps neuromuscular activation capability explain walking speed in older men and women? (2014) · cites this paper as [5]
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“In addition to deficits in neuromuscular activity, Clark and colleagues (14) also demonstrated reductions in the rate of neuromuscular activity and impaired acceleration during dynamic leg extensions in mobility-limited elders.”
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Self-citationDoes quadriceps neuromuscular activation capability explain walking speed in older men and women?
Clark, D. J., Reid, K. F., Patten, C., Phillips, E. M., Ring, S. A., Wu, S. S., & Fielding, R. A. (2014) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2014.03.019 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“We have previously shown that the rate of EMG rise is positively associated with force production, power production and mobility function (Clark et al., 2011, 2013).”
InfluentialSelf-citation
- Authors
- Clark, D. J., Patten, C., Reid, K. F., Carabello, R. J., Phillips, E. M., & Fielding, R. A.
- Affiliations
- Tufts University (US)
- University of Florida (US)
- Venue
- The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2010-09-09
- Volume
- 66A
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 115-121
- ISSN
- 1079-5006 (ISSN-L)
- 1758-535X
- PMC
- PMC3011959
- OpenAlex
- W1978184424
- Cited by
- 108
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 5.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journals of Gerontology Series A (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5p30ag031679-15)
- National Institute on Aging (1 P30 AG031679, AG18844, P30-AG031679, R01AG018844, P30AG028740)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Muscle activation and electromyography studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
- Keywords
- older adults, mobility limitations, muscle power, physical function, Short Physical Performance Battery, electromyography, leg press, aging
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Disability Evaluation, Electromyography, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neuromuscular Junction, Muscle, Skeletal, Mobility Limitation
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