Improving Memory and Control Beliefs Through Cognitive Restructuring and Self-generated Strategies
Abstract
Memory problems are a major source of concern among older adults. The goal of this research was to evaluate methods for improving memory performance and beliefs about memory ability and control. Men and women between the ages of 60 and 85 were randomly assigned to one of five treatment groups: (1) cognitive restructuring to promote adaptive beliefs about memory, (2) memory skills training, (3) combined cognitive restructuring and memory skills training, (4) practice on memory tasks, and (5) a no-contact control group. Beliefs about memory (ability and control) and memory performance (working memory, recall of text materials, categorizable word list, and names and faces) were assessed at a pretest and two posttests. As predicted, those receiving the combined treatment showed the greatest increases in their sense of control and perceived ability to improve memory. Results indicated that all groups improved equally on the memory tasks, although those who had received memory training were more likely to report at the second posttest that they had begun using new strategies for remembering things.
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Belief-restructuring approaches alone have not been shown to maintain training benefits.
“Belief-restructuring approaches on their own have not been shown to produce maintenance of training benefits (e.g., Lachman, Weaver, Bandura, Elliott, & Lewkowicz, 1992)”
From Enrichment Effects on Adult Cognitive Development: Can the Functional Capacity of Older Adults Be Preserved and Enhanced? (2008) · cites this paper as Lachman et al., 1992
The expectancy towards one's own cognitive performance and cognitive competence can be improved by cognitive restructuring, e.g., during psychotherapeutic sessions, and psychoeducation by changing beliefs and attitudes about experienced memory impairment.
“The expectancy towards one’s own cognitive performance and cognitive competence can be improved by cognitive restructuring, e.g., during psychotherapeutic sessions, and psychoeducation by changing beliefs and attitudes about experienced memory impairment [33, 74].”
From Psychotherapeutic interventions in individuals at risk for Alzheimer’s dementia: a systematic review (2022) · cites this paper as [74]
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Effects of Age and Control Beliefs on Resource Allocation During Reading Abstract
Miller, L. M. S., & Gagne, D. D. (2005) · Aging Neuropsychology and Cognition · doi:10.1080/13825580590925161 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Sella, E., Carbone, E., Vincenzi, M., Toffalini, E., & Borella, E. (2022) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2022.2122931 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“providing factual psychoeducational information about cognitive functioning and its changes with aging) either alone (Caprio-Prevette & Fry 1996; lachman et al., 1992) or in combination with the teaching and use of mnemonic strategies (e.”
BackgroundA Theatrical Intervention to Improve Cognition in Intact Residents of Long Term Care Facilities
Noice, H., & Noice, T. (2006) · Clinical Gerontologist · doi:10.1300/j018v29n03_05 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Hutchens, R. L., Kinsella, G., Ong, B., Pike, K. E., Clare, L., Ames, D. J., Saling, M. M., Storey, E., Mullaly, E., Rand, E., et al. (2013) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbt016 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Managing concerns about falls : fear of falling and avoidance of activity in older people
Zijlstra, G. A. R. (2008) · doi:10.26481/dis.20080228gz · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Psychotherapeutic interventions in individuals at risk for Alzheimer’s dementia: a systematic review
Rostamzadeh, A., Kahlert, A., Kalthegener, F., & Jessen, F. (2022) · Alzheimer's Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-021-00956-8 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“, during psychotherapeutic sessions, and psychoeducation by changing beliefs and attitudes about experienced memory impairment [33, 74].”
BackgroundGoal orientation and self-efficacy in relation to memory in adulthood
Hastings, E., & West, R. L. (2011) · Aging Neuropsychology and Cognition · doi:10.1080/13825585.2011.575926 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Verbal prompting to improve everyday cognition in MCI and unimpaired older adults.
Thomas, K. R., & Marsiske, M. (2013) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/neu0000039 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
- Authors
- Lachman, M. E., Weaver, S. L., Bandura, M., Elliot, E., & Lewkowicz, C. J.
- Affiliations
- Brandeis University (US)
- ORCID
- Lachman, M. E.
- Venue
- Journal of Gerontology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1992-09-01
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- P293-P299
- ISSN
- 0022-1422 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2313887247
- Cited by
- 209
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 2.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Gerontology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ag007790-03)
- National Institute on Aging (AG-07790)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- cognitive restructuring, memory training, older adults, memory beliefs, perceived control, perceived competence, working memory, memory retrieval, face recognition (cognition), memory strategies, cognitive aging
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Attitude, Cognition, Education, Female, Forecasting, Humans, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Male, Memory, Memory, Short-Term, Middle Aged, Motivation, Mental Recall, Self Concept, Teaching, Multivariate Analysis
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