Cited by 277Dementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchAging and Gerontology ResearchAging, Health, and Disability

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Subjective Cognitive Impairment and Affective Symptoms: A Systematic Review

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Hill, Nikki L., Mogle, Jacqueline, Wion, Rachel, Munoz, Elizabeth, DePasquale, Nicole, Yevchak, Andrea M., Parisi, Jeanine M.·2016·The Gerontologist

DOI 10.1093/geront/gnw091PMC PMC5181393

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Abstract

PURPOSE OF STUDY: Subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) has been argued to reflect affective symptoms (i.e., depression and anxiety) rather than actual cognitive issues. Although a number of studies exist that look at the associations between SCI and affective symptoms, no review is available to aggregate this disparate literature. We addressed this gap by conducting a systematic review to better understand the relationships among SCI and affective symptoms among older adults in both community and clinical settings. DESIGN AND METHODS: We reviewed available literature per the criteria of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Weight of evidence (WoE) ratings and narrative synthesis were completed for 58 articles. RESULTS: A majority of studies focused on community-based samples (n = 40). Approximately half (53%) of the articles reviewed met high WoE criteria for the current review. Cross-sectional findings consistently identified a positive relationship among SCI and affective symptoms. Findings from available longitudinal studies (n = 9) were mixed but suggested a possible reciprocal relationship among SCI and depression. The relationship between SCI and anxiety appeared to be driven by fears over loss of function. Following consultation with health professionals, the association between SCI and anxiety was diminished or eliminated. IMPLICATIONS: Although SCI is consistently related to affective symptoms in older adults cross-sectionally, more longitudinal work is needed to understand their temporal relationship. Improved measurement of SCI would support a deeper understanding of the impact of SCI on psychological well-being.

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Additional file 3 of Trajectories of subjective cognitive decline, and the risk of mild cognitive impairment and dementia
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Additional file 1 of Trajectories of subjective cognitive decline, and the risk of mild cognitive impairment and dementia
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Additional file 6 of Trajectories of subjective cognitive decline, and the risk of mild cognitive impairment and dementia
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Additional file 2 of Trajectories of subjective cognitive decline, and the risk of mild cognitive impairment and dementia
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Additional file 5 of Trajectories of subjective cognitive decline, and the risk of mild cognitive impairment and dementia
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Additional file 4 of Trajectories of subjective cognitive decline, and the risk of mild cognitive impairment and dementia
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Crane, P. K., Li, C., Cohen, T., Seitz, A. R., Rhodes, E., Choi, S., Lee, M., Mukherjee, S., Nakano, C. Y., Albertson, S. B., et al. (2026) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.71086
Subjective Cognitive Complaints and Somatic Symptoms in Cognitively Healthy Older Adults - Network Analysis Perspective
Krakovska, S., Brandoburová, P., Januška, J., Heretik, A., & Hajdúk, M. (2026) · Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology · doi:10.1177/08919887261418713
“25 Other studies showed that persistent SCD predicted the onset of depressive 26 and anxiety symptoms 27 later on.”
Dissociable Mechanisms Underlie Differences Between Memory and Metamemory in Older Adults: The Differentiating Role of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms
Crawford, J. L., Adornato, A. A., Matulonis, J., Chen, X. F., Hooker, J. M., & Berry, A. S. (2026) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.70100
“Measures of both anxiety and depression symptoms consistently demonstrate robust relationships with self-reported metamemory (Hill et al. 2016).”
Understanding cognitive complaints in older adults: the contribution of face-name memory and mood
Manippa, V., Gemiti, I., Valenzano, V., Scaramuzzi, G. F., Scianatico, G., Rivolta, D., & Taurisano, P. (2026) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-026-09412-y
“Beyond cognitive measures, affective factors such as anxiety and depression play a critical role in shaping both subjective cognitive experience and performance on neu - ropsychological tests (Hill et al., 2016 ; Markova et al., 2019 ; Pietrzak et al., 2012 ; Zhou et al., 2025).”
The relationship between cognitive complaints and burden of non-cognitive symptoms in multiple sclerosis
Roberts, S. K., Kuznetsova, V., D’Aprano, F., Zheng, C. J., Kalincik, T., & Malpas, C. B. (2026) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjo.2026.11041
The Role of Apathy in the Association Between Depressive Symptoms and Subjective Cognitive Complaints
Barker, M. S., Joyce, J. L., Waltrip, L. H., Chapman, S., Gu, Y., Sunderaraman, P., Huey, E. D., & Cosentino, S. (2026) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.70223
“Thus, both new onset depressive symptoms and elevated subjective cognitive difficulties may signal pre-clinical dementia risk, and indeed they commonly co‐occur [16].”
The BEYONDD Pilot Study: A Decentralized Community-Engaged Research Framework for Multimodal Characterization of Neurodegenerative Risk in a Multi-Ethnic, Midlife Cohort with Subjective Cognitive or Behavioral ComplaintsPreprint
Mindt, M. R., Savin, M. J., Guzman, V., Arentoft, A., Barragan, E. V., Cubbellotti, S., Heuer, H. W., Germano, K. K., Rosen, H. J., Cho, S. J., et al. (2026) · medRxiv · doi:10.64898/2026.06.01.26354636
Lifecourse socioeconomic status and subjective cognitive decline among diverse older adults
Chen, N. X., Peterson, R. L., Colbeth, H., Barnes, L. L., Corrada, M. M., Gilsanz, P., Mungas, D., Whitmer, R. A., & Farias, S. T. (2026) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbag107
“However, beyond biological factors, socio-contextual and environmental factors may also influence perceptions of cognition (Brigola et al., 2015; Hill et al., 2016).”
Chronic Vascular Comorbidities Are Associated With Higher Subjective Cognitive Decline Among Cancer Survivors With Subjective Functional Difficulties
Komalasari, R., Mpofu, E., & Udoh, I. I. (2026) · Journal of Applied Gerontology · doi:10.1177/07334648261469615
Associations between higher-order executive planning and subjective cognitive decline in middle-aged individuals
Ramos‐Henderson, M., Aliaga-Gallardo, P., Aguilar-Riveros, C., Fuentes, L., Calderón, C., & Domic‐Siede, M. (2026) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.1177/13872877261470712
“Consistent with the existing literature, 8 – 10 we found higher levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms, as well as greater daytime sleepiness, among individuals with higher levels of SCD.”
I’m the one who used to be ‘on the ball’ : a qualitative study on older adults’ experience and interpretation of subjective cognitive decline
Akbayrak, E., Powell, P. A., & Barnes, S. (2026) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2026.2710255
Exercise Impact on Affective/Cognitive Symptoms and QoL in Subjective Cognitive Decline: An RCT
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Frailty Components as Moderators of the Subjective Cognitive Decline–Depressive Symptoms Association: A Sex-Stratified Population-Based Study
Lee, E. S., Je, N.-J., & Seo, Y. (2026) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare14162495
“Older adults with SCD often experience worry and anxiety related to memory loss, and a systematic review has reported that subjective cognitive change is associated with depressive symptoms [35].”
Cognitive Decline and Fear of Falling Among Community-Dwelling Racially Diverse Older Adults in Low-Income Settings
Komalasari, R., Hill, N. L., & Thiamwong, L. (2026) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/nnr.0000000000000938
Self-citation
A world view: Considerations of sociocultural diversity in the study of subjective cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias
Dubbelman, M. A., Hill‐Jarrett, T. G., Chapman, S., dos Santos, G. A. A., Azar, M., Babulal, G. M., Bell, T. R., Bernard, M. A., Boza-Calvo, C., Briggs, A., et al. (2026) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.71779
Feasibility of SMS-based screening for mood disturbances after minor stroke: strengths and limitationsPreprint
Duttagupta, S., Berthoz, S., & Sibon, I. (2026) · medRxiv · doi:10.64898/2026.09.09.26362636
Subjective and objective cognitive differences in adults in mid-life and older age with autism or high autistic traits: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Gray, L., Hall, E., Hearne, B., Zhang, Y., DeDios-Stern, S., Stewart, G. R., Stott, J. C. H., & John, A. (2026) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.107011
Measurement of subjective cognitive decline and prediction of longitudinal clinical outcomes in older adults: a systematic review
Pinheiro, C. N., Song, X., Brock, K. E., Harp, J. P., & Karr, J. E. (2026) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803395.2026.2743151

Authors: Hill, N. L., Mogle, J., Wion, R., Munoz, E., DePasquale, N., Yevchak, A. M., & Parisi, J. M.
Affiliations: Pennsylvania State University (US)
Johns Hopkins University (US)
Corresponding author: Hill, Nikki L.
ORCID: Hill, Nikki L.
Mogle, Jacqueline
Wion, Rachel
DePasquale, Nicole
Parisi, Jeanine M.
Venue: The Gerontologist
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2016-06-23
Volume: 56
Issue: 6
Pages: e109-e127
ISSN: 0016-9013 (ISSN-L)
1758-5341
DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnw091
PMC: PMC5181393
OpenAlex: W2461875054
Cited by: 277
References: 103
Citations by year: 2026: 28 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 8
FWCI: 2.09
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: The Gerontologist (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Aging (F31AG050385)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Aging, Health, and Disability
Keywords: subjective cognitive impairment, affective symptoms, depression, anxiety, older adults, bidirectional relationship, psychological well-being
MeSH terms: Affective Symptoms, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anxiety, Depression, Humans, Independent Living, Diagnostic Self Evaluation, Cognitive Dysfunction

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Subjective Cognitive Impairment and Affective Symptoms: A Systematic Review

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