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Subjective Cognitive Impairment and Affective Symptoms: A Systematic Review
Open accessAbstract
PURPOSE OF STUDY: Subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) has been argued to reflect affective symptoms (i.e., depression and anxiety) rather than actual cognitive issues. Although a number of studies exist that look at the associations between SCI and affective symptoms, no review is available to aggregate this disparate literature. We addressed this gap by conducting a systematic review to better understand the relationships among SCI and affective symptoms among older adults in both community and clinical settings. DESIGN AND METHODS: We reviewed available literature per the criteria of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Weight of evidence (WoE) ratings and narrative synthesis were completed for 58 articles. RESULTS: A majority of studies focused on community-based samples (n = 40). Approximately half (53%) of the articles reviewed met high WoE criteria for the current review. Cross-sectional findings consistently identified a positive relationship among SCI and affective symptoms. Findings from available longitudinal studies (n = 9) were mixed but suggested a possible reciprocal relationship among SCI and depression. The relationship between SCI and anxiety appeared to be driven by fears over loss of function. Following consultation with health professionals, the association between SCI and anxiety was diminished or eliminated. IMPLICATIONS: Although SCI is consistently related to affective symptoms in older adults cross-sectionally, more longitudinal work is needed to understand their temporal relationship. Improved measurement of SCI would support a deeper understanding of the impact of SCI on psychological well-being.
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The characterisation of subjective cognitive decline
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“SCD has been shown to be associated with depressive symptoms, certain personality traits, anxiety, and physical complaints.(9) However, even after adjusting for these factors in our analyses, the association between SCD and risk of MCI remained.”
Functional cognitive disorders: a systematic review
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Subjective cognitive impairment and quality of life: a systematic review
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“Our hypothesis was that associations between SCD and tau-specific anatomy (ie, with one or both of the entorhinal or inferior temporal FTP-PET regions) could inform the earliest appearance of SCD.”
InfluentialLiew, T. M. (2020) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-020-00673-8 · Cited by 128
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“…by reduced self-awareness or anosognosia on subjective evaluation of cognitive status (e.g., can lead to underreporting of cognitive difficulties) [24] as well as how emotional factors such as anxiety and mood can impact one’s evaluation of their objective cognitive ability (e.g., can lead to…”
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“…impairment may demonstrate anosognosia or reduced awareness of their cognitive decline (Galeone, Pappalardo, Chieffi, Iavarone, & Carlomagno, 2011; Hill et al., 2016; Roberts et al., 2009; Starkstein, 2014; Vogel et al., 2004), leading them to underestimate or under-report SCC; and (2)…”
BackgroundCorrelates of Subjective Cognitive Decline in Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Older Adults
Flatt, J. D., Johnson, J. K., Karpiak, S. E., Seidel, L., Larson, B., & Brennan-Ing, M. (2018) · Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-171061 · Cited by 83
Trajectories of subjective cognitive decline, and the risk of mild cognitive impairment and dementia
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“Similarly, anxiety symptoms are known to correlate with SCD (exposure-of-interest) [2], and the presence of anxiety symptoms has also been reported to predict neurocognitive disorders (outcome-of-interest) [33–39].”
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“Furthermore, some studies illustrated that SCD was a subjective symptom reflecting anxiety or depression about senility and health rather than neurodegenerative causes (48, 49) and was just a risk factor rather than a mechanism underlying preclinical AD or other neurodegenerative dementias (6), as many participants wi…”
Albu, S., Zozaya, N. R., Murillo, N., García‐Molina, A., Chacón, C. A. F., & Kumru, H. (2021) · Neurorehabilitation · doi:10.3233/nre-210025 · Cited by 80
“, 2019) and affective symptoms (Hill et al., 2016; Zlatar et al., 2018), supporting the relevance of screening for sleep alterations and affective symptoms in post COVID-19 patients with subjective cognitive impairment.”
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Sources of Response Bias in Cognitive Self-Report Items: “Which Memory Are You Talking About?”
Hill, N. L., Mogle, J. A., Bratlee‐Whitaker, E., Gilmore‐Bykovskyi, A. L., Bhargava, S., Bhang, I., Sweeder, L., Tiwari, P. A., & Haitsma, K. S. V. (2018) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gny087 · Cited by 54
Self-citationInfluencing Factors of Subjective Cognitive Impairment in Middle-Aged and Older Adults
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Daily Memory Lapses in Adults: Characterization and Influence on Affect
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Self-citationPodlešek, A., Komidar, L., & Kavcic, V. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.647971 · Cited by 57
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“Previous studies have also shown that SCD is usually associated with mild symptoms of depression (Hill et al., 2016; Jessen et al., 2020).”
Age and gender disparities in depression and subjective cognitive decline-related outcomes
Brown, M. J., Hill, N. L., & Haider, M. R. (2020) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2020.1861214 · Cited by 45
“Although the link between depression and SCD is relatively well-established (Hill et al., 2016), how this relationship may differ by age group (among middle-aged and older adults) and by gender is not as clear.”
BackgroundSelf-citationTozzi, L., Staveland, B. R., Holt-Gosselin, B., Chesnut, M., Chang, S. E., Choi, D., Shiner, M., Wu, H., Lerma‐Usabiaga, G., Sporns, O., et al. (2020) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116715 · Cited by 48
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“Similarly, the association between subjective cognitive complaints and depressive symptoms in major depression is well established (see two recent systematic reviews of Chakrabarty et al., 2016; Hill et al., 2016).”
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Does Sexual Orientation Relate to Health and Well-Being? Analysis of Adults 50+ Years of Age
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“On the other hand, poorer cognition and the subsequent perception of cognitive decline and fear of loss of function may predict symptoms of depression and anxiety (Hill et al., 2016; Kessler et al., 2012; Mol et al., 2008).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSabatini, S., Siebert, J., Diehl, M. K., Brothers, A. F., & Wahl, H. (2021) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/pag0000668 · Cited by 45
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“Indeed, a meta-analysis observed consistent associations between subjective cognitive function and affective symptoms 24 .”
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Subjective cognitive function in hoarding disorder
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“, 2006), and anxiety disorders (Hill et al., 2016) all report impaired cognitive function, even though such dysfunction is not always evident on neuropsychological tests (e.”
Schwarz, C., Lange, C., Benson, G. S., Horn, N., Wurdack, K., Lukas, M., Buchert, R., Wirth, M., & Flöel, A. (2021) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2021.675583 · Cited by 38
Revisiting the factor structure and construct validity of the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire.
Goodman, Z. T., Timpano, K. R., Llabre, M. M., & Bainter, S. A. (2022) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/pas0001127 · Cited by 32
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“…cognitive self-report measures were used across 19 preclinical AD studies, and 47 different measures were used across 58 studies that examined associations between self-reported cognitive problems and affective symptoms (e.g., depressive and anxiety symptoms; Hill et al., 2016; Rabin et al., 2015).”
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“We found that individuals who are more likely to report SCD also report more depressive symptoms, consistent with previous evidence [11,12].”
Self-citationSubjective cognition in adults with common psychiatric classifications; a systematic review
Groenman, A. P., van der Werf, S. P., & Geurts, H. M. (2021) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114374 · Cited by 32
“, 2014), but are also associated with an increased risk for future major depressive disorder (MDD)(Hill et al., 2016).”
InfluentialTorrens‐Burton, A., Basoudan, N., Bayer, A. J., & Tales, A. (2017) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-170599 · Cited by 33
“Irrespective of causality, concerns about memory function can impact negatively upon everyday life and mental health, with worry about developing dementia and withdrawal from positive health and social behavior [20, 29].”
BackgroundRelationships Between Subjective Cognitive Impairment and Personality Traits: A Systematic Review
Koller, O. M., Hill, N. L., Mogle, J. A., & Bhang, I. (2019) · Journal of Gerontological Nursing · doi:10.3928/00989134-20190111-04 · Cited by 31
Self-citationOremus, M., Tyas, S. L., Maxwell, C. J., Konnert, C. A., O’Connell, M. E., & Law, J. (2019) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2019.103962 · Cited by 31
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The Effects of Cannabis Use on Cognitive Function in Healthy Aging: A Systematic Scoping Review
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Self-citationSelf-Awareness Deficits of Cognitive Impairment in Individuals With Schizophrenia. Really?
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Subjective Memory in a National Sample: Predicting Psychological Well-Being
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“This holds important implications, particularly given the wellestablished links between subjective memory and affective symptoms (Hill et al., 2016).”
Self-citationBhang, I., Mogle, J. A., Hill, N. L., Bratlee‐Whitaker, E., & Bhargava, S. (2019) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2019.1647135 · Cited by 29
“However, much research has relied on cross-sectional data, and whether depressive symptoms precede self-reported memory problems, or vice versa, is unclear (Hill et al., 2016).”
BackgroundSelf-citationWion, R. K., Hill, N. L., DePasquale, N., Mogle, J. A., & Bratlee‐Whitaker, E. (2019) · Activities Adaptation & Aging · doi:10.1080/01924788.2019.1651188 · Cited by 28
“Akin to past examinations of SCI (Abdulrab & Heun, 2008; Hill et al., 2016; Jessen et al., 2014; Mendonca, Alves, & Bugalho, 2016), our systematic review suggests that inconsistency with both the conceptualization and operationalization of SCI prevails in the literature.”
ResultSelf-citationOptimizing Subjective Cognitive Decline to Detect Early Cognitive Dysfunction
Chapman, S., Sunderaraman, P., Joyce, J. L., Azar, M., Colvin, L. E., Barker, M. S., McKeague, I. W., Kreisl, W. C., & Cosentino, S. (2021) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-201322 · Cited by 26
“Thesefindingssuggestthatage-anchoredSCDbest capturesobjectivemeasuresofcognitiveandbrain healthinpartbynormalizingage-relatedcognitive decline,and/orhavinglesssusceptibilitytopsychoso-cialfactorssuchasmoodorattitudesaboutaging [21–23].”
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“Because subjective cognitive concerns are strongly linked to depression [22, 23], the GDS was included as a covariate in analyses to control variability in depressive symptomatology.”
Whitfield, T. J., Demnitz‐King, H., Schlosser, M., Barnhofer, T., Frison, É., Coll‐Padrós, N., Dautricourt, S., Requier, F., Delarue, M., Gonneaud, J., et al. (2022) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-022-01057-w · Cited by 29
“Furthermore, SCD is associated with elevated depressive and anxiety symptoms [7], and a recent meta-analysis of longitudinal studies found that the presence of anxiety (but not depressive) symptoms increased the risk of incident MCI and dementia in individuals with SCD by 40% [8].”
BackgroundWittens, M. M. J., Sima, D. M., Houbrechts, R., Ribbens, A., Niemantsverdriet, E., Fransén, E., Bastin, C., Benoit, F., Bergmans, B. A., Bier, J., et al. (2021) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-210450 · Cited by 23
“When looking at the individual disease stage comparisons such as SCD versus HC, it is important to note that SCD is characterized by self-experienced worsening of cognitive function [22, 39, 40].”
Carcelén‐Fraile, M. D. C., Llera-DelaTorre, A. M., Aibar‐Almazán, A., Afanador-Restrepo, D. F., Baena-Marín, M., Hita‐Contreras, F., Loureiro, V., García-Garro, P. A., & Castellote‐Caballero, Y. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11143947 · Cited by 23
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Modifiable dementia risk factors associated with objective and subjective cognition
Rosická, A. M., Teckentrup, V., Fittipaldi, S., Ibáñez, A. M., Pringle, A. J., Gallagher, E., Hanlon, A. K., Claus, N., McCrory, C., LAWLOR, B. A., et al. (2024) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.13885 · Cited by 22
“30”
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“This was used as a covariate in the analysis to tease out the effects of SMC alone because depression is known to be associated with SMC (Hill et al., 2016).”
MethodPersonality determinants of subjective executive function in older adults
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“Past research demonstrates that older adults with higher depression and anxiety symptoms rate their cognition more negatively (see Hill et al., 2016 for a review).”
BackgroundSelf-citationHuang, Y., Chen, H., Gao, M., Lv, X., Pang, T., Rong, S., Xu, X., & Yuan, C. (2024) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-023-03147-4 · Cited by 21
“Although considered as early indicators of dementia, many adults reported SCP probably due to normal aging and affective symptoms (i.e., depression and anxiety), whilst the majority of individuals with SCP wouldn’t show progressive cognitive decline [11, 12].”
BackgroundMeasuring Memory Lapses and Their Impact on Daily Life: Results From Two Daily Diary Studies
Mogle, J. A., Turner, J. R., Rabin, L. A., Sliwinski, M. J., Zhaoyang, R., & Hill, N. L. (2022) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/10731911221077962 · Cited by 21
“However, the predictive utility of self-reported memory functioning is inconsistent across studies (Hill et al., 2016) likely due, in part, to the fact that perceptions of memory over longer timeframes reflect some combination of broader self-schemas about one’s memory and specific, recent…”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationFinley, J. A., Cladek, A., Gonzalez, C., & Brook, M. A. (2023) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13854046.2023.2241190 · Cited by 23
“Another explanation may be that patients mistake functionally disruptive symptoms of depression or anxiety with cognitive symptoms (Hill et al., 2016).”
BackgroundInfluentialHigh levels of alexithymia in patients with multiple sclerosis
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Hill, N. L., Mogle, J. A., Bhargava, S., Bratlee‐Whitaker, E., Bhang, I., Capuano, A. W., Arvanitakis, Z., Bennett, D. A., & Barnes, L. L. (2018) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gby091 · Cited by 19
“, 2015); (b) the frequent co-occurrence of memory complaints and depression (Hill et al., 2016); and (c) a paucity of research examining the role of individual characteristics in the association between memory complaints, depressive symptoms, and cognitive decline or AD.”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationBrown, M. J., & Cohen, S. A. (2020) · Journal of Gerontological Nursing · doi:10.3928/00989134-20201106-04 · Cited by 19
“…distress was associated with subjective cognitive complaints among brain tumor patients (Pranckeviciene et al., 2017) and a potential reciprocal relationship has been found between depression and subjective cognitive impairment (Hill et al., 2016), which supports the current study’s findings.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialLiew, T. M. (2022) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/00048674221079217 · Cited by 18
“Similarly, anxiety symptoms are known to correlate with SCD (exposure-of-interest) (Hill et al., 2016), and the presence of anxiety symptoms has also been reported to predict neurocognitive disorders (outcome-of-interest) (Gulpers et al.”
BackgroundInfluentialKomalasari, R., Mpofu, E., Prybutok, G. T., & Ingman, S. R. (2022) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare10081508 · Cited by 18
Rabin, L. A., Initiative, T. A. D. N., Sikkes, S. A. M., Tommet, D., Jones, R. N., Crane, P. K., Elbulok-Charcape, M. M., Dubbelman, M. A., Koscik, R. L., Amariglio, R. E., et al. (2023) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/neu0000888 · Cited by 23
“…can also be related to various medical conditions, mood or sleep disturbances, medications, personality traits, or physiological changes that occur with normal aging (Buckley et al., 2013; Comijs et al., 2002; Hill et al., 2016; Jessen et al., 2020; Rabin et al., 2017; Zlatar et al., 2014).”
Leeuwis, A. E., Weaver, N. A., Biesbroek, J. M., Exalto, L. G., Kuijf, H. J., Hooghiemstra, A. M., Prins, N. D., Scheltens, P., Barkhof, F., van der Flier, W. M., et al. (2019) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1503/jpn.180136 · Cited by 18
“Studies in patients with SCD found subthreshold symptoms of depression and anxiety (39).”
BackgroundHill, N. L., & Mogle, J. A. (2018) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-018-0954-5 · Cited by 18
Self-citationTangen, G. G., Langballe, E. M., & Strand, B. H. (2019) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/1403494819885234 · Cited by 16
“The other reason is that SMI is also associated with poorer mental health and depression in older adults [1].”
BackgroundHill, N. L., Mogle, J. A., Kitko, L. A., Gilmore‐Bykovskyi, A. L., Wion, R. K., Kitt-Lewis, E. A., & Kolanowski, A. M. (2017) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2017.1337715 · Cited by 17
“SMI has consistently been associated with lower quality of life and poorer mental health (Hill et al., 2016; Montejo et al., 2011; Sohrabi et al., 2009), but little is known regarding the temporality of these co-occuring symptoms or the underlying behavioral and psychological mechanisms that may…”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationDepression and APOEε4 Status in Individuals with Subjective Cognitive Decline: A Meta-Analysis
Huang, Y., Xue, J., Li, C., Chen, X., Fu, H., Fei, T., & Bi, P.-X. (2020) · Psychiatry Investigation · doi:10.30773/pi.2019.0324 · Cited by 14
Reynolds, G., Manning, L., Kirn, D. R., Klein, H., Hampton, O. L., Burke, O., Buckley, R. F., Rentz, D. M., Sperling, R. A., Marshall, G. A., et al. (2022) · The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.14283/jpad.2022.31 · Cited by 16
“That said, SCD is nonspecific and is associated with affective symptoms in older adults, including depression and anxiety (19, 20), and select © Serdi 2022”
BackgroundMeasurement Challenges in Research With Individuals With Cognitive Impairment
Kolanowski, A. M., Gilmore‐Bykovskyi, A. L., Hill, N. L., Massimo, L. M., & Mogle, J. A. (2019) · Research in Gerontological Nursing · doi:10.3928/19404921-20181212-06 · Cited by 19
“, emory concerns are different than ratings of memory performance); and multimodal assessment that includes self, informant, and clinician ratings or observation may improve precision of preclinical AD detection (Hill et al., 2016; Rabin et al., 2015).”
BackgroundSelf-citationSoldevila‐Domenech, N., Forcano, L., Boronat, A., Lorenzo, T., Piera, I., Puig‐Pijoan, A., Mateus, J., Gómez, J. M. G. D. E., Knezevic, I., Soteras, A., et al. (2021) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-201408 · Cited by 16
“Recent cross-sectional studies in Italian and Dutch population suggest that COVID-19 public health measures, including social distancing and lockdown, could cause an imbalance in the lifestyle and mental health of individuals with SCD that could persist once such measures are withdrawn [7, 8].”
BackgroundInfluentialApathy co-occurs with subjective cognitive decline among community-dwelling older adults
Yang, Q., Wang, Y., Yang, M., Song, G., Cheng, S., Wang, C., Zhang, W., Tian, C., & Mao, J. (2022) · Geriatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2022.09.018 · Cited by 15
Wittlinger, T., Bekić, S., Guljaš, S., Periša, V., Volarić, M., & Majnarić, L. T. (2022) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.989814 · Cited by 15
“The marked expression of symptoms of mental disorders, found in patients in cluster DFUN, may also suggest psychological distraction as a mechanism of the possible importance for cognitive impairments, in patients in this cluster (82).”
BackgroundA Traitlike Dimension of Subjective Memory Concern Over 30 Years Among Adult Male Twins
Bell, T. R., Beck, A., Gillespie, N. A., Reynolds, C. A., Elman, J. A., Williams, M. E., Gustavson, D. E., Lyons, M. J., Neale, M. C., Kremen, W. S., et al. (2023) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.1004 · Cited by 15
López‐Martos, D., Suárez‐Calvet, M., Milà‐Alomà, M., Gispert, J. D., Minguillón, C., Quijano‐Rubio, C., Kollmorgen, G., Zetterberg, H., Blennow, K., Grau‐Rivera, O., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2024.1394460 · Cited by 14
Salihu, D., Chutiyami, M., Bello, U. M., Sulaiman, S. K., Dawa, K. K., Hepworth, A., Adeleye, K. K., & Alruwaili, M. M. (2024) · Geriatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.09.014 · Cited by 20
The influence of personality on memory self-report among black and white older adults
Hill, N. L., Mogle, J. A., Bhargava, S., Bell, T. R., & Wion, R. K. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0219712 · Cited by 15
Self-citationDevita, M., Rosa, E. D., Iannizzi, P., Bianconi, S., Contin, S. A., Tiriolo, S., Ghisi, M., Schiavo, R., Bernardinello, N., Cocconcelli, E., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.852218 · Cited by 15
Ebrahimi, H., Hosseinzadeh, M., Saray, R. S., Wilson, M., & Areshtanab, H. N. (2022) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-022-03096-2 · Cited by 14
“A similar study was not found using the identical scale, but some aspects of the scale were used, for example self-management ability; the findings of a recent study showed that the self-management ability of the older adults is in moderate level on average, which is consistent with the findings of the present study […”
ResultLee, M., Nam, J.-H., Yi, E., Bhimla, A., Nelson, J., & Grace, X. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11091155 · Cited by 15
Cognitive and mental health outcomes in long covid
Aretouli, E., Malik, M., Widmann, C., Parker, A. M., Oh, E. S., & Vannorsdall, T. D. (2025) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj-2024-081349 · Cited by 21
Mace, R. A., Popok, P., Hopkins, S. W., Fishbein, N. S., & Vranceanu, A. (2022) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2022.2032600 · Cited by 16
“This is critical because SCD, depression, and anxiety are highly comorbid (Hill et al., 2016; Morimoto et al., 2014), worsen each other with aging (Ganguli, 2009), impede healthy lifestyles (de Frias & Whyne, 2015), and increase risk for developing dementia (Herring et al.”
BackgroundMolina-Donoso, M., Parrao, T., Meillon, C., Thumala, D., Lillo, P., Villagra, R., Ibáñez, A. M., Cerda, M., Pedro Zitko, M., Amieva, H., et al. (2023) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803395.2023.2221399 · Cited by 13
“A systematic review showed a high frequency of SCD in individuals with depression (Hill et al., 2016).”
BackgroundNaming decline after epilepsy surgery is associated with subjective language complaints
Miller, M., Hogue, O., Hogan, T., & Busch, R. M. (2019) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106484 · Cited by 13
Schwarz, C., Benson, G. S., Antonenko, D., Horn, N., Köbe, T., Klimecki, O., Sommer, W., Wirth, M., & Flöel, A. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-10179-y · Cited by 14
Hyperreactivity to uncertainty is a key feature of subjective cognitive impairment
Attaallah, B., Petitet, P., Slavkova, E., Turner, V., Saleh, Y., Manohar, S., & Husain, M. (2022) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.75834 · Cited by 13
Lee, S.-H., Jeon, S. W., Shin, C., Pae, C.-U., Patkar, A. A., Masand, P. S., An, H., & Han, C. (2022) · Psychiatry Investigation · doi:10.30773/pi.2021.0368 · Cited by 12
“276 Psychiatry Investig 2022;19(4):268-280 Antidepressants in MDD with Cognitive Complaint”
InfluentialLi, J., Yang, M., Wei, R., Cao, Y., Xu, F., & Zhang, S. (2024) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-231080 · Cited by 13
“Notably, individuals with SCD often report memory loss or spatial disorientation as their initial complaints [62, 63].”
Finley, J. A., Robinson, A. D., VanLandingham, H. B., Ulrich, D. M., Phillips, M. S., & Soble, J. R. (2024) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617724000365 · Cited by 13
“Such mechanisms may be related to negativity bias and misattribution of normal everyday cognitive lapses (Hill et al., 2016).”
Akinci, M., Sánchez‐Benavides, G., Brugulat‐Serrat, A., Peña-Gómez, C., Palpatzis, E., Shekari, M., Deulofeu, C., Fuentes‐Julián, S., Salvadó, G., Gónzalez‐de‐Echávarri, J. M., et al. (2022) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-022-01068-7 · Cited by 13
Ringin, E., Meyer, D., Neill, E., Phillipou, A., Tan, E. J., Toh, W. L., Sumner, P. J., Owen, N. G., Hallgren, M. Å., Dunstan, D. W., et al. (2022) · Mental health and physical activity · doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2022.100481 · Cited by 12
TANTI, A. D., Conforti, J. M., Bruni, S., Gaetano, K. D., Cappalli, A., Basagni, B., Bertoni, D., & Saviola, D. (2023) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10072-023-06665-4 · Cited by 14
“This discrepancy with the literature disappears if we consider the qualitative assessment: few of our patients (3/5), who complained of psychological symptoms, also reported cognitive deficits, coherently with the literature [16, 30, 31].”
ResultMills, K. A., Donohue, K., Swaminathan, A., Leoutsakos, J., Smith, G. S., & Brandt, J. (2018) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803395.2018.1526889 · Cited by 12
“Depressive symptom severity was also not associated with the odds of PR-MDCD or CR-MDCD, despite a robust literature on this association (Hill et al., 2016; Kinsinger, Lattie, & Mohr, 2010).”
BackgroundWei, Y., Kung, Y., Lin, C., Yeh, C., Chen, P., Huang, W., Shyu, Y., Lin, C., & Chen, C. (2024) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-024-03049-w · Cited by 11
“…anxiety, and cognitive decline are frequently experienced by older individuals, both in cases of late-life depression and preclinical dementia [1, 2] Cognitive complaints and depressive symptoms frequently occur together [3], and anxiety and depression increase with the degree of subjective…”
van der Knaap, N., Klinkhammer, S., Postma, A. A., Visser-Meily, J., Horn, J., van Heugten, C. V., Voorter, P. H. M., van der Thiel, M. M., Drenthen, G. S., Backes, W., et al. (2025) · Journal of Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2025.123464 · Cited by 9
“However, subjective cognitive complaints may also be related to affective symptoms and stress [42], which are also commonly reported in COVID-19 survivors [25].”
Metadata
- Authors
- Hill, N. L., Mogle, J., Wion, R., Munoz, E., DePasquale, N., Yevchak, A. M., & Parisi, J. M.
- Affiliations
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hill, Nikki L.
- Venue
- The Gerontologist
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2016-06-23
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- e109-e127
- ISSN
- 0016-9013 (ISSN-L)
- 1758-5341
- PMC
- PMC5181393
- OpenAlex
- W2461875054
- Cited by
- 277
- References
- 103
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 8
- FWCI
- 2.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Gerontologist (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (F31AG050385)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Aging, Health, and Disability
- Keywords
- subjective cognitive impairment, affective symptoms, depression, anxiety, older adults, bidirectional relationship, psychological well-being
- MeSH terms
- Affective Symptoms, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anxiety, Depression, Humans, Independent Living, Diagnostic Self Evaluation, Cognitive Dysfunction
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