A novel imprinted gene, encoding a RING zinc-finger protein, and overlapping antisense transcript in the Prader–Willi syndrome critical region
Abstract
We describe a complex imprinted locus in chromosome 15q11-q13 that encodes two genes, ZNF127 and ZNF127AS. The ZNF127 gene encodes a protein with a RING (C3HC4) zinc-finger and multiple C3H zinc-finger motifs, the former being closely related to a protein from variola major virus, the smallpox etiological agent. These motifs allow prediction of ZNF127 function as a ribonucleoprotein. The intronless ZNF127 gene is expressed ubiquitously, but the entire coding sequence and 5' CpG island overlaps a second gene, ZNF127AS, that is transcribed from the antisense strand with a different transcript size and pattern of expression. Allele-specific analysis shows that ZNF127 is expressed only from the paternal allele. Consistent with this expression pattern, in the brain the ZNF127 5' CpG island is completely unmethylated on the paternal allele but methylated on the maternal allele. Analyses of adult testis, sperm and fetal oocytes demonstrates a gametic methylation imprint with unmethylated paternal germ cells. Recent findings indicate that ZNF127 is part of the coordinately regulated imprinted domain affected in Prader-Willi syndrome patients with imprinting mutations. Therefore, ZNF127 and ZNF127AS are novel imprinted genes that may be associated with some of the clinical features of the polygenic Prader-Willi syndrome.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The maternal MKRN3 allele is imprinted and only the paternal allele is expressed.
“The maternal MKRN3 allele is imprinted and only the paternal allele is expressed.68–70”
From Pubertal development and regulation (2016) · cites this paper as [69]
MKRN3 is located in the Prader-Willi syndrome critical region on chromosome 15 and before the identification of its role in puberty, the few reports about this gene came from research into Prader-Willi syndrome.
“MKRN3 is located in the Prader-Willi syndrome critical region on chromosome 15 and before the identification of its role in puberty, the few reports about this gene came from research into Prader-Willi syndrome.68,69”
From Pubertal development and regulation (2016) · cites this paper as [69]
Cites
The American Journal of Human Genetics
S., J. (1950) · Population · doi:10.2307/1523704 · Cited by 5,124 · see citing works
(2015) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.2353/ajpath · Cited by 4,961 · see citing works
UBE3A/E6-AP mutations cause Angelman syndrome
Kishino, T., Lalande, M., & Wagstaff, J. E. (1997) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0197-70 · Cited by 1,304 · see citing works
Feedback Inhibition of Macrophage Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Production by Tristetraprolin
Carballo, E., Lai, W. S., & Blackshear, P. J. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.281.5379.1001 · Cited by 1,162 · see citing works
De novo truncating mutations in E6-AP ubiquitin-protein ligase gene (UBE3A) in Angelman syndrome
Matsuura, T., Sutcliffe, J. S., Fang, P., Galjaard, R. H., Jiang, Y., Benton, C. S., Rommens, J. M., & Beaudet, A. L. (1997) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0197-74 · Cited by 858 · see citing works
Interpreting cDNA sequences: Some insights from studies on translation
Kozak, M. (1996) · Mammalian Genome · doi:10.1007/s003359900171 · Cited by 774 · see citing works
Disruption of imprinting caused by deletion of the H19 gene region in mice
Leighton, P. A., Ingram, R. S., Eggenschwiler, J. T., Efstratiadis, A., & Tilghman, S. M. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/375034a0 · Cited by 756 · see citing works
Bartolomei, M. S., & Tilghman, S. M. (1997) · Annual Review of Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev.genet.31.1.493 · Cited by 632 · see citing works
Imprinted expression of the Igf2r gene depends on an intronic CpG island
Wutz, A., Smrzka, O. W., Schweifer, N., Schellander, K., Wagner, E. F., & Barlow, D. P. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/39631 · Cited by 590 · see citing works
Albrecht, U., Sutcliffe, J. S., Cattanach, B. M., BEECHEY, C. V., Armstrong, D. L., Gregor Eichele, C., & Beaudet, A. L. (1997) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0997-75 · Cited by 586 · see citing works
Cassidy, S. B. (1997) · Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1136/jmg.34.11.917 · Cited by 472 · see citing works
Imprinting in Prader–Willi and Angelman syndromes
Nicholls, R. D., Saitoh, S., & Horsthemke, B. (1998) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/s0168-9525(98)01432-2 · Cited by 453 · see citing works
Self-citationBarlow, D. P. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.270.5242.1610 · Cited by 438 · see citing works
The Angelman syndrome candidate gene, UBE3AIE6-AP, is imprinted in brain
Rougeulle, C., Glatt, H., & Lalande, M. (1997) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0997-14 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
Sutcliffe, J. S., Nakao, M., Christian, S. L., Ørstavik, K. H., Tommerup, N., Ledbetter, D. H., & Beaudet, A. L. (1994) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0994-52 · Cited by 413 · see citing works
Hoxa 11 structure, extensive antisense transcription, and function in male and female fertility
Hsieh‐Li, H. M., Witte, D. P., Weinstein, M. B., Branford, W., Li, H., Small, K. M., & Potter, S. S. (1995) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.121.5.1373 · Cited by 392 · see citing works
Angelman syndrome: Consensus for diagnostic criteria
Williams, C. A., Angelman, H., Clayton‐Smith, J., Driscoll, D. J., Hendrickson, J. E., Knoll, J. H. M., Magenis, R. E., Schinzel, A., Wagstaff, J. E., Whidden, E. M., et al. (1995) · American Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.1320560224 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Self-citationAdams, M. D., Soares, M. B., Kerlavage, A. R., Fields, C., & Venter, J. C. (1993) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0893-373 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Imprinting of the Angelman syndrome gene, UBE3A, is restricted to brain
Vu, T. H., & Hoffman, A. R. (1997) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0997-12 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Kimelman, D., & Kirschner, M. W. (1989) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(89)90015-9 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
An imprinted antisense RNA overlaps UBE3A and a second maternally expressed transcript
Rougeulle, C., Cardoso, C., Fontés, M., Colleaux, L., & Lalande, M. (1998) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0598-15 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Imprint switching on human chromosome 15 may involve alternative transcripts of the SNRPN gene
Dittrich, B., Buiting, K., Korn, B., Rickard, S. J., Buxton, J. L., Saitoh, S., Nicholls, R. D., Poustka, A., Winterpacht, A., Zabel, B., et al. (1996) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng1096-163 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Self-citationRNA recognition: A family matter?
Mattaj, I. W. (1993) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90265-r · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Moore, T., Constância, M., Zubair, M., Bailleul, B., Feil, R., Sasaki, H., & Reik, W. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.23.12509 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Jay, P., Rougeulle, C., Massacrier, A., Moncla, A., Mattéi, M., Malzac, P., Roëckel, N., Taviaux, S. A., Bergé‐Lefranc, J., Cau, P., et al. (1997) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng1197-357 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
A growth factor-inducible nuclear protein with a novel cysteine/histidine repetitive sequence.
DuBois, R. N., McLane, M. W., Ryder, K., Lau, L. F., & Nathans, D. (1990) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(17)30642-7 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Identification of a novel paternally expressed gene in the Prader - Willi syndrome region
Wevrick, R., Kerns, J. A., & Francke, U. (1994) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/3.10.1877 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Imprinting in clusters: lessons from Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
Reik, W., & Maher, E. R. (1997) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/s0168-9525(97)01200-6 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Gene structure, DNA methylation, and imprinted expression of the human SNRPN gene.
Glenn, C. C., Saitoh, S., Jong, M. T. C., Filbrandt, M. M., Surti, U., Driscoll, D. J., & Nicholls, R. D. (1996) · PubMed Central · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Necdin Gene is Deleted in Prader-Willi Syndrome and is Imprinted in Human and Mouse
MacDonald, H. R., & Wevrick, R. (1997) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/6.11.1873 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Hayashizaki, Y., Shibata, H., Hirotsune, S., Sugino, H., Okazaki, Y., Sasaki, N., Hirose, K., Imoto, H., Okuizumi, H., Muramatsu, M., et al. (1994) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0194-33 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Driscoll, D. J., Waters, M. F., Williams, C. A., Zori, R. T., Glenn, C. C., Avidano, K. M., & Nicholls, R. D. (1992) · Genomics · doi:10.1016/0888-7543(92)90001-9 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Self-citationDNA-binding properties of the product of the testis-determining gene and a related protein
Nasrin, N., Buggs, C., Kong, X. F., Carnazza, J., Goebl, M. G., & Alexander-Bridges, M. (1991) · Nature · doi:10.1038/354317a0 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Inhibition of c-erbA mRNA splicing by a naturally occurring antisense RNA.
Munroe, S. H., & Lazar, M. A. (1991) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)54535-x · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Williams, T., & Fried, M. (1986) · Nature · doi:10.1038/322275a0 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Saitoh, S., Buiting, K., Rogan, P. K., Buxton, J. L., Driscoll, D. J., Arnemann, J., König, R., Malcolm, S., Horsthemke, B., & Nicholls, R. D. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.15.7811 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Self-citationBarabino, S. M. L., Hübner, W., Jenny, A., Minvielle-Sébastia, L., & Keller, W. (1997) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.11.13.1703 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Qian, N., Frank, D., O’Keefe, D., Dao, D. N., Zhao, L., Yuan, L., Wang, Q., Keating, M. T., Walsh, C. P., & Tycko, B. (1997) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/6.12.2021 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Maternal imprinting of human SNRPN, a gene deleted in Prader–Willi syndrome
Reed, M. L., & Leff, S. E. (1994) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0294-163 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Human PEG1/MEST, an Imprinted Gene on Chromosome 7
Kobayashi, S., Kohda, T., Miyoshi, N., Kuroiwa, Y., Aisaka, K., Tsutsumi, O., Kaneko‐Ishino, T., & Ishino, F. (1997) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/6.5.781 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Driscoll, D. J., & Migeon, B. R. (1990) · Somatic Cell and Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1007/bf01233363 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Self-citationOverlapping transcription units in the dopa decarboxylase region of Drosophila
Spencer, C. A., Gietz, R. D., & Hodgetts, R. B. (1986) · Nature · doi:10.1038/322279a0 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Functional imprinting and epigenetic modification of the human SNRPN gene
Glenn, C. C., Porter, K. A., Jong, M. T. C., Nicholls, R. D., & Driscoll, D. J. (1993) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/2.12.2001 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Self-citationJong, M. T. C., Carey, A. H., Caldwell, K. A., Lau, M. H., Handel, M. A., Driscoll, D. J., Stewart, C. L., Rinchik, E. M., & Nicholls, R. D. (1999) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/8.5.795 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Self-citationTronchre, H., Wang, J., & Fu, X. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/41137 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Engineering herpes simplex virus vectors for gene transfer to neurons
Fink, D. J., & Giorioso, J. C. (1997) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0397-357 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Imprinting of mouse Kvlqt1 is developmentally regulated
Gould, T. D. (1998) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/7.3.483 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Mouse U2af1 - rs1 Is a Neomorphic Imprinted Gene
Nabetani, A., Hatada, I., Morisaki, H., Oshimura, M., & Mukai, T. (1997) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.17.2.789 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Shaw, G. (1993) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1006/bbrc.1993.2164 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
IMPT1, an imprinted gene similar to polyspecific transporter and multi- drug resistance genes
Dao, D. N. (1998) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/7.4.597 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Monoallelic Expression of HumanPEG1/MESTIs Paralleled by Parent-Specific Methylation in Fetuses
Riesewijk, A. M., Hu, L., Schulz, U., Tariverdian, G., Höglund, P., Kere, J., Ropers, H.-H., & Kalscheuer, V. M. (1997) · Genomics · doi:10.1006/geno.1997.4731 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Growth effects of uniparental disomies and the conflict theory of genomic imprinting
Hurst, L. D., & McVean, G. T. (1997) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/s0168-9525(97)01273-0 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
A candidate model for angelman syndrome in the mouse
Cattanach, B. M., Barr, J. A., BEECHEY, C. V., Martin, J. E., Noebels, J. L., & Jones, J. B. (1997) · Mammalian Genome · doi:10.1007/s003359900479 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Volk, R., Köster, M., Pöting, A., Hartmann, L., & Knöchel, W. (1989) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb08448.x · Cited by 79 · see citing works
A Poxvirus Protein with a RING Zinc Finger Motif Is of Crucial Importance for Virulence
Senkevich, T. G., Koonin, E. V., & Buller, R. M. L. (1994) · Virology · doi:10.1006/viro.1994.1014 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Tantravahi, U., Nicholls, R. D., Stroh, H., Ringer, S. A., Neve, R. L., Kaplan, L. C., Wharton, R. H., Wurster‐Hill, D. H., Graham, J. M., Cantú, E. S., et al. (1989) · American Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.1320330110 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-citationChristian, S. L., Bhatt, N. K., Martin, S. A., Sutcliffe, J. S., Kubota, T., Huang, B., Mutirangura, A., Chinault, A. C., Beaudet, A. L., & Ledbetter, D. H. (1998) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.8.2.146 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Senkevich, T. G., Wolffe, E. J., & Buller, R. M. L. (1995) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.69.7.4103-4111.1995 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Shchelkunov, S. N., Тотменин, А. В., & Sandakhchiev, L. S. (1996) · Virus Research · doi:10.1016/0168-1702(95)01269-9 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
A poxvirus protein with a RING finger motif binds zinc and localizes in virus factories
Upton, C., Schiff, L., Rice, S. A., Dowdeswell, T. L., Yang, X., & McFadden, G. (1994) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.68.7.4186-4195.1994 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
The embryonically active gene, unkempt, of Drosophila encodes a Cys3His finger protein.
Mohler, J. D., Weiss, N., Murli, S., Mohammadi, S., Vani, K., Vasilakis, G., Song, C. H., Epstein, A., Kuang, T., & English, J. D. (1992) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/131.2.377 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Kato, M. V., Ikawa, Y., Hayashizaki, Y., & Shibata, H. (1998) · Genomics · doi:10.1006/geno.1997.5089 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Characterization of an antisense Inr element in the eIF-2 alpha gene.
Noguchi, M., Miyamoto, S., Silverman, T., & Safer, B. (1994) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)62025-9 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Murray, M. V., Turnage, M. A., Williamson, K. J., Steinhauer, W. R., & Searles, L. L. (1997) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.17.4.2291 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Shchelkunov, S. N., Blinov, V. M., Resenchuk, S. M., Тотменин, А. В., Olenina, L. V., Gb, C., & Sandakhchiev, L. S. (1994) · Virus Research · doi:10.1016/0168-1702(94)90125-2 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Mowery‐Rushton, P., Driscoll, D. J., Nicholls, R. D., Locker, J. D., & Surti, U. (1996) · American Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19960111)61:2 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationDetection of anti-sense transcripts of the insulin-like growth factor-2 gene in Wilms' tumor.
Baccarini, P., Fiorentino, M., D’Errico, A., Mancini, A. M., & Grigioni, W. F. (1993) · PubMed Central · Cited by 23 · see citing works
TheMASProto-oncogene Is Imprinted in Human Breast Tissue
Miller, N., McCann, A. H., O’Connell, D. J., Pedersen, I. S., Spiers, V., GOREY, T. F., & Dervan, P. A. (1997) · Genomics · doi:10.1006/geno.1997.5063 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Identification of Novel Exons 3′ to the HumanSNRPNGene
Buiting, K., Dittrich, B., Endele, S. U., & Horsthemke, B. (1997) · Genomics · doi:10.1006/geno.1996.4571 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Phagemid pSIT permits efficient in vitro mutagenesis and tightly controlled expression in E. coli.
Andreánsky, M., & Hunter, E. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 10 · see citing works
CGISLE: a program for CG island detection in DNA sequence data.
West, R. L., & Le, M. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Veeder, M. A. (1893) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.ns-21.532.208-a · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Epigenetics: Regulation Through Repression
Wolffe, A. P., & Matzke, M. A. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.286.5439.481 · Cited by 1,241 · see citing works
The Human Obesity Gene Map: The 2005 Update
Rankinen, T., Zuberi, A., Chagnon, Y. C., Weisnagel, S. J., Argyropoulos, G., Walts, B., Pérusse, L., & Bouchard, C. (2006) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2006.71 · Cited by 1,119 · see citing works
Genome Organization, Function, and Imprinting in Prader-Willi and Angelman Syndromes
Nicholls, R. D., & Knepper, J. L. (2001) · Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev.genom.2.1.153 · Cited by 625 · see citing works
Self-citationPubertal development and regulation
Abreu, A. P., & Kaiser, U. B. (2016) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(15)00418-0 · Cited by 611 · see citing works
Central Precocious Puberty Caused by Mutations in the Imprinted Gene <i>MKRN3</i>
Abreu, A. P., Dauber, A., Macedo, D. B., Noel, S. D., Brito, V. N., Gill, J. C., Cukier, P., Thompson, I. R., Navarro, V. M., Gagliardi, P. C., et al. (2013) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1302160 · Cited by 534 · see citing works
Smilinich, N. J., Day, C. D., Fitzpatrick, G. V., Caldwell, G. M., Lossie, A. C., Cooper, P. R., Smallwood, A. C., Joyce, J. A., Schofield, P. N., Reik, W., et al. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.14.8064 · Cited by 408 · see citing works
Self-citationEukaryotic regulatory RNAs: an answer to the ‘genome complexity’ conundrumPreprint
Prasanth, K. V., & Spector, D. L. (2007) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.1484207 · Cited by 398 · see citing works
Distinct phenotypes distinguish the molecular classes of Angelman syndrome
Lossie, A. C., Whitney, M. M., Amidon, D., Dong, H. J., Chen, P., Theriaque, D., Hutson, A., Nicholls, R. D., Zori, R. T., Williams, C. A., et al. (2001) · Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1136/jmg.38.12.834 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Self-citationNon-coding RNAs: New players in eukaryotic biology
Costa, F. F. (2005) · Gene · doi:10.1016/j.gene.2005.06.019 · Cited by 353 · see citing works
Epigenetics of autism spectrum disorders
Schanen, N. C. (2006) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddl213 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
Muscatelli, F. (2000) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/9.20.3101 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
The Human Obesity Gene Map: The 2004 Update
Përusse, L., Rankinen, T., Zuberi, A. R., Chagnon, Y. C., Weisnagel, S. J., Argyropoulos, G. A., Walts, B., Snyder, E. E., & Bouchard, C. (2005) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1038/oby.2005.50 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
The Human Obesity Gene Map: The 2003 Update
Snyder, E. E., Walts, B., Përusse, L., Chagnon, Y. C., Weisnagel, S. J., Rankinen, T., & Bouchard, C. (2004) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1038/oby.2004.47 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Mehler, M. F., & Mattick, J. S. (2007) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00036.2006 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Epigenetic principles and mechanisms underlying nervous system functions in health and disease
Mehler, M. F. (2008) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2008.10.001 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
DNA methylation in genomic imprinting, development, and disease
Paulsen, M., & Ferguson‐Smith, A. C. (2001) · The Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1002/path.890 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Amos-Landgraf, J. M., Ji, Y., Gottlieb, W., Depinet, T. W., Wandstrat, A. E., Cassidy, S. B., Driscoll, D. J., Rogan, P. K., Schwartz, S., & Nicholls, R. D. (1999) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/302510 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Self-citationImprinting-Mutation Mechanisms in Prader-Willi Syndrome
Ohta, T., Gray, T. A., Rogan, P. K., Buiting, K., Gabriel, J. M., Saitoh, S., Muralidhar, B., Bilienska, B., Krajewska‐Walasek, M., Driscoll, D. J., et al. (1999) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/302233 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Self-citationAntisense Transcripts With FANTOM2 Clone Set and Their Implications for Gene RegulationPreprint
Kiyosawa, H., Yamanaka, I., Osato, N., Kondo, S., RIKEN GER Group, GSLMembers, & Hayashizaki, Y. (2003) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.982903 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Wassenegger, M. (2000) · Plant Molecular Biology · doi:10.1023/a:1006479327881 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
The Human Obesity Gene Map: The 2002 Update
Chagnon, Y. C., Rankinen, T., Snyder, E. E., Weisnagel, S. J., Përusse, L., & Bouchard, C. (2003) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1038/oby.2003.47 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Minireview: Human Obesity—Lessons from Monogenic Disorders
O’Rahilly, S., Farooqi, I. S., Yeo, G. S. H., & Challis, B. (2003) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2003-0373 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Chai, J.-H., Locke, D. P., Greally, J. M., Knoll, J. H. M., Ohta, T., Dunai, J., Yavor, A., Eichler, E. E., & Nicholls, R. D. (2003) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/378816 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Self-citationChamberlain, S. J., & Brannan, C. I. (2001) · Genomics · doi:10.1006/geno.2001.6543 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
A systematic review of genetic syndromes with obesity
Kaur, Y., de Souza, R. J., Gibson, W. T., & Meyre, D. (2017) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12531 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Computational discovery of sense-antisense transcription in the human and mouse genomes
Shendure, J., & Church, G. M. (2002) · Genome Biology · doi:10.1186/gb-2002-3-9-research0044 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Boccaccio, I., Glatt-Deeley, H. R., Françoise Watrin, A., Roëckel, N., Lalande, M., & Muscatelli, F. (1999) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/8.13.2497 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
The Human Obesity Gene Map: The 2001 Update
Rankinen, T., Përusse, L., Weisnagel, S. J., Snyder, E. E., Chagnon, Y. C., & Bouchard, C. (2002) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1038/oby.2002.30 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Genomes were forged by massive bombardments with retroelements and retrosequences
Brosius, J. (2000) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-011-4156-7_23 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
An imprinted antisense transcript at the human GNAS1 locus
Hayward, B. E. (2000) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/9.5.835 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Wroe, S. F., Kelsey, G., Skinner, J. A., Bodle, D., Ball, S. T., BEECHEY, C. V., Peters, J., & Williamson, C. M. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.97.7.3342 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Lee, S. F. (2000) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/9.12.1813 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Bielińska, B., Blaydes, S. M., Buiting, K., Yang, T., Krajewska‐Walasek, M., Horsthemke, B., & Brannan, C. I. (2000) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/75629 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Macedo, D. B., Abreu, A. P., Reis, A. C. S., Montenegro, L. R., Dauber, A., Beneduzzi, D., Cukier, P., Silveira, L. F. G., Teles, M. G., Carroll, R. S., et al. (2014) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2013-3126 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Long Non-coding RNAs: Novel Targets for Nervous System Disease Diagnosis and Therapy
Qureshi, I., & Mehler, M. F. (2013) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-013-0199-0 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Santos, T. D. L., Schweizer, J., Rees, C. A., & Francke, U. (2000) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/303106 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Makedonski, K., Abuhatzira, L., Kaufman, Y., Razin, A., & Shemer, R. (2005) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddi097 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
The non-coding RNAs as riboregulators
Erdmann, V. A. (2001) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/29.1.189 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Genomes were forged by massive bombardments with retroelements and retrosequences
Brosius, J. (1999) · Genetica · doi:10.1023/a:1004018519722 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
A new pathway in the control of the initiation of puberty: the MKRN3 gene
Abreu, A. P., Macedo, D. B., Brito, V. N., Kaiser, U. B., & Latronico, A. C. (2015) · Journal of Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/jme-14-0315 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Khorkova, O., Myers, A. J., Hsiao, J. H., & Wahlestedt, C. (2014) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddu207 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
The role of imprinted genes in fetal growth abnormalities
Piedrahita, J. A. (2011) · Birth Defects Research Part A Clinical and Molecular Teratology · doi:10.1002/bdra.20795 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Jong, M. T. C., Carey, A. H., Caldwell, K. A., Lau, M. H., Handel, M. A., Driscoll, D. J., Stewart, C. L., Rinchik, E. M., & Nicholls, R. D. (1999) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/8.5.795 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Self-citationMechanisms of Genomic Imprinting
Pfeifer, K. E. (2000) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/303101 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Histone acetylation-mediated regulation of genes in leukaemic cells
Chambers, A., Banerjee, S., Chaplin, T., Dunne, J., Debernardi, S., Joel, S. P., & Young, B. D. (2003) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/s0959-8049(03)00072-8 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Gray, T. A., Hernandez, L., Carey, A. H., Schaldach, M. A., Smithwick, M. J., Rus, K., Marshall Graves, J. A., Stewart, C. L., & Nicholls, R. D. (2000) · Genomics · doi:10.1006/geno.2000.6199 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Self-citationMKRN3 Mutations in Central Precocious Puberty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Valadares, L. P., Meireles, C. G., de Toledo, I. P., Oliveira, R., Castro, L. C., Abreu, A. P., Carroll, R. S., Latronico, A. C., Kaiser, U. B., Guerra, E. N. S., et al. (2019) · Journal of the Endocrine Society · doi:10.1210/js.2019-00041 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
The Congenital and Acquired Mechanisms Implicated in the Etiology of Central Precocious Puberty
Brito, V. N., Canton, A. P. M., Seraphim, C. E., Abreu, A. P., Macedo, D. B., Mendonca, B. B., Kaiser, U. B., Argente, J., & Latronico, A. C. (2022) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/endrev/bnac020 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Mould, A. W., Pang, Z., Pakusch, M., Tonks, I. D., Stark, M. S., Carrie, D., Mukhopadhyay, P., Seidel, A., Ellis, J. J., Deakin, J. E., et al. (2013) · Epigenetics & Chromatin · doi:10.1186/1756-8935-6-19 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Neurodevelopmental disorders involving genomic imprinting at human chromosome 15q11–q13
Chamberlain, S. J., & Lalande, M. (2010) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2010.03.011 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Towards a molecular understandingof Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes
Mann, M. R. W. (1999) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/8.10.1867 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Xin, Z., Allis, C. D., & Wagstaff, J. E. (2001) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/324469 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
MKRN3 inhibits the reproductive axis through actions in kisspeptin-expressing neurons
Abreu, A. P., Toro, C. A., Song, Y. B., Navarro, V. M., Bosch, M. A., Eren, A., Liang, J. N., Carroll, R. S., Latronico, A. C., Rønnekleiv, O. K., et al. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci136564 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Cai, G., Edelmann, L. J., Goldsmith, J., Cohen, N., Nakamine, A., Reichert, J. G., Hoffman, E. J., Zurawiecki, D., Silverman, J. M., Hollander, E., et al. (2008) · BMC Medical Genomics · doi:10.1186/1755-8794-1-50 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
5 The origins of genomic imprinting in mammals
Sleutels, F., & Barlow, D. P. (2002) · Advances in genetics · doi:10.1016/s0065-2660(02)46006-3 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Unearthing the Roles of Imprinted Genes in the Placenta
Bressan, F. F., De, T. H. C., Perecin, F., Lopes, F. L., Ambrósio, C. E., Meirelles, F. V., & Miglino, M. (2009) · Placenta · doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2009.07.007 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Molecular Mechanism of Angelman Syndrome in Two Large Families Involves an Imprinting Mutation
Ohta, T., Buiting, K., Kokkonen, H., McCandless, S. E., Heeger, S., Leisti, H., Driscoll, D. J., Cassidy, S. B., Horsthemke, B., & Nicholls, R. D. (1999) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/302232 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Self-citationMolecular characterisation of four cases of intrachromosomal triplication of chromosome 15q11-q14
Ungaro, P., Christian, S. L., Fantes, J. A., Mutirangura, A., Black, S. H., Reynolds, J. F., Malcolm, S., Dobyns, W. B., & Ledbetter, D. H. (2001) · Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1136/jmg.38.1.26 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Hagen, C. P., Sørensen, K., Mieritz, M. G., Johannsen, T. H., Almstrup, K., & Juul, A. (2015) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2014-4462 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Cleaton, M. A. M., Edwards, C. A., & Ferguson‐Smith, A. C. (2014) · Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev-genom-091212-153441 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Li, C., Han, T., Li, Q., Zhang, M., Guo, R., Yang, Y., Lü, W., Li, Z., Peng, C., Wu, P., et al. (2021) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkab155 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
The uniqueness of the imprinting mechanism
Sleutels, F., Barlow, D. P., & Lyle, R. (2000) · Current Opinion in Genetics & Development · doi:10.1016/s0959-437x(00)00062-9 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Kim, J., Noskov, V. N., Lu, X., Bergmann, A., Ren, X., Warth, T., Richardson, P., Kouprina, N., & Stubbs, L. J. (2000) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.10.8.1138 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Settas, N., Dacou-Voutetakis, C., Karantza, M., Kanaka-Gantenbein, C., Chrousos, G. P., & Voutetakis, A. (2014) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2013-4084 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Lee, S. F. (2003) · Gene Expression Patterns · doi:10.1016/s1567-133x(03)00113-3 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
A novel MKRN3 missense mutation causing familial precocious puberty
de Vries, L., Gat‐Yablonski, G., Dror, N., Singer, A., & Phillip, M. (2014) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deu256 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Unravelling the mystery of puberty
Ojeda, S. R., & Lomniczi, A. (2013) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2013.233 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Long non-coding RNAs in neurodevelopmental disorders
van deVondervoort, I. I. G. M., Gordebeke, P. M., Khoshab, N., Tiesinga, P. H. E., Buitelaar, J. K., Kozicz, T., Aschrafi, A., & Glennon, J. C. (2013) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2013.00053 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Schüle, B., Balwi, M. A. A., Northrop, E. L., Francis, D. I., Rowell, M., Slater, H. R., Gardner, R. M., & Francke, U. (2005) · BMC Medical Genetics · doi:10.1186/1471-2350-6-18 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Glenn, C. C., Deng, G. Y., Michaelis, R. C., Tarleton, J. C., Phelan, M. C., Surh, L. C., Yang, T. P., & Driscoll, D. J. (2000) · Prenatal Diagnosis · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0223(200004)20:4 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citationWirth, J. (2001) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/10.3.201 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Long noncoding RNA and its contribution to autism spectrum disorders
Tang, J., Yu, Y., & Yang, W. (2017) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/cns.12710 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Tissue-Specific Expression of Antisense and Sense Transcripts at the Imprinted Gnas Locus
Li, T., Vu, T. H., Zeng, Z., Nguyen, B. T., Hayward, B. E., Bonthron, D. T., Hu, J., & Hoffman, A. R. (2000) · Genomics · doi:10.1006/geno.2000.6337 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Disruption of the Bipartite Imprinting Center in a Family with Angelman Syndrome
Buiting, K., Barnicoat, A. J., Lich, C., Pembrey, M. E., Malcolm, S., & Horsthemke, B. (2001) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/320120 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Nakabayashi, K. (2002) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/11.15.1743 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Circulating MKRN3 Levels Decline During Puberty in Healthy Boys
Busch, A. S., Hagen, C. P., Almstrup, K., & Juul, A. (2016) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2016-1488 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Jiang, J., Xu, Y., Ren, H., Wudu, M., Wang, Q., Song, X., Su, H., Jiang, X., Jiang, L., & Qiu, X. (2018) · Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1186/s13046-018-0855-7 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Gray, T. A., Wilson, A., Fortin, P. J., & Nicholls, R. D. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0602216103 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citationChai, J.-H., Locke, D. P., Ohta, T., Greally, J. M., & Nicholls, R. D. (2001) · Mammalian Genome · doi:10.1007/s00335-001-2083-1 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationEvidence for genetic modifiers of postnatal lethality in PWS-IC deletion mice
Chamberlain, S. J., Johnstone, K. A., DuBose, A. J., Simon, T. A., Bartolomei, M. S., Resnick, J. L., & Brannan, C. I. (2004) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddh314 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Genotype-Phenotype Relationships and Endocrine Findings in Prader-Willi Syndrome
Costa, R. A., Ferreira, I. R., Cintra, H. A., Gomes, L. H. F., & Guida, L. D. C. (2019) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00864 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Genomic imprinting: the influence of differential methylation in the two sexes
Biliya, S., & Bulla, L. A. (2010) · Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1258/ebm.2009.009251 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Genotype–Phenotype Correlations in Central Precocious Puberty Caused by MKRN3 Mutations
Seraphim, C. E., Canton, A. P. M., Montenegro, L. R., Piovesan, M. R., Macedo, D. B., Cunha, M., Guimarães, A. S. D. S., Ramos, C. O., Benedetti, A. F. F., Leal, A. D. C., et al. (2020) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaa955 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Monkeypox infection: The past, present, and future
Upadhayay, S., Arthur, R., Soni, D., Yadav, P., Navik, U., Singh, R., Singh, T. G., & Kumar, P. (2022) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109382 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Böhne, A., Darras, A., D'Cotta, H., Baroiller, J., Galiana-Arnoux, D., & Volff, J. (2010) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/1471-2164-11-721 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
The role of genomic imprinting in human developmental disorders: lessons from Prader–Willi syndrome
Hanel, M. L., & Wevrick, R. (2001) · Clinical Genetics · doi:10.1034/j.1399-0004.2001.590303.x · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Fulmer-Smentek, S. (2001) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/10.6.645 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Lee, S., & Wevrick, R. (2000) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/302817 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Mkrn3 functions as a novel ubiquitin E3 ligase to inhibit Nptx1 during puberty initiation
Liu, H., Kong, X., & Chen, F. (2017) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.19347 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Färber, C., Groß, S., Neesen, J., Buiting, K., & Horsthemke, B. (2000) · Genomics · doi:10.1006/geno.2000.6158 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Protective role of zinc in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases
Luan, R., Ding, D., Xue, Q., Li, H., Wang, Y., & Yang, J. (2022) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/s41430-022-01191-6 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Sharp, A. J., Migliavacca, E., Dupré, Y., Stathaki, E., Sailani, M. R., Baumer, A., Schinzel, A., Mackay, D., Robinson, D., Cobellis, G., et al. (2010) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.108597.110 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Suggestive evidence for chromosomal localization of non-coding RNA from imprinted LIT1
Murakami, K., Oshimura, M., & Kugoh, H. (2007) · Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10038-007-0196-4 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Känsäkoski, J., Raivio, T., Juul, A., & Tommiska, J. (2015) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1038/pr.2015.159 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Recommendations for the investigation of animal models of Prader–Willi syndrome
Resnick, J. L., Nicholls, R. D., & Wevrick, R. (2013) · Mammalian Genome · doi:10.1007/s00335-013-9454-2 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationGray, T. A., Azama, K., Whitmore, K. L., Min, A., Abe, S., & Nicholls, R. D. (2001) · Genomics · doi:10.1006/geno.2001.6627 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationLong Noncoding RNAs in Mammalian Development and Diseases
Saha, P., Verma, S., Pathak, R. U., & Mishra, R. K. (2017) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-5203-3_6 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Is it genomic imprinting or preferential expression?
Khatib, H. (2007) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.20637 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Yellapragada, V., Liu, X., Lund, C., Känsäkoski, J., Pulli, K., Vuoristo, S., Lundin, K., Tuuri, T., Varjosalo, M. T., & Raivio, T. (2019) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00048 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Pioneering studies on monogenic central precocious puberty
Canton, A. P. M., Seraphim, C. E., Brito, V. N., & Latronico, A. C. (2019) · Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.20945/2359-3997000000164 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
- Authors
- Jong, M. T. C., Gray, T. A., Ji, Y., Glenn, C. C., Saitoh, S., Driscoll, D. J., & Nicholls, R. D.
- Affiliations
- University Hospitals of Cleveland (US)
- University of Florida Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Nicholls, R. D.
- Venue
- Human Molecular Genetics
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1999-05-01
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 783-793
- ISSN
- 0964-6906 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2083
- OpenAlex
- W2147714004
- Cited by
- 230
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 9.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Human Molecular Genetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Hokkaido University
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM18306, F32GM018306)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD31941)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Syndromes and Imprinting
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Keywords
- Prader-Willi syndrome, genomic imprinting, antisense transcripts, CpG island methylation, allele-specific expression, chromosome 15q11-q13, imprinted genes, ribonucleoprotein
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Amino Acid Sequence, Base Sequence, Child, Child, Preschool, Genes, Overlapping, Germ Cells, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Molecular Sequence Data, Prader-Willi Syndrome, Ribonucleoproteins, Testis, Transcription, Genetic, Zinc Fingers, DNA, Antisense, Genomic Imprinting, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, DNA Methylation, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review