Improving the reporting of clinical trials of infertility treatments (IMPRINT): modifying the CONSORT statement
Open accessAbstract
Clinical trials testing infertility treatments often do not report on the major outcomes of interest to patients and clinicians and the public (such as live birth) nor on the harms, including maternal risks during pregnancy and fetal anomalies. This is complicated by the multiple participants in infertility trials which may include a woman (mother), a man (father), and result in a third individual if successful, their offspring (child), who is also the desired outcome of treatment. The primary outcome of interest and many adverse events occur after cessation of infertility treatment and during pregnancy and the puerperium, which create a unique burden of follow-up for clinical trial investigators and participants. In 2013, because of the inconsistencies in trial reporting and the unique aspects of infertility trials not adequately addressed by existing Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statements, we convened a consensus conference in Harbin, China, with the aim of planning modifications to the CONSORT checklist to improve the quality of reporting of clinical trials testing infertility treatment. The consensus group recommended that the preferred primary outcome of all infertility trials is live birth (defined as any delivery of a live infant ≥20 weeks gestations) or cumulative live birth, defined as the live birth per women over a defined time period (or number of treatment cycles). In addition, harms to all participants should be systematically collected and reported, including during the intervention, any resulting pregnancy, and during the neonatal period. Routine information should be collected and reported on both male and female participants in the trial. We propose to track the change in quality that these guidelines may produce in published trials testing infertility treatments. Our ultimate goal is to increase the transparency of benefits and risks of infertility treatments to provide better medical care to affected individuals and couples.
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The International Glossary on Infertility and Fertility Care, 2017
Zegers-Hochschild, F., Adamson, G. D., Dyer, S., Racowsky, C., de Mouzon, J., Sokol, R., Rienzi, L., Sunde, A., Schmidt, L., Cooke, I. D., et al. (2017) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.06.005 · Cited by 1,505 · see citing works
Self-citationThe international glossary on infertility and fertility care, 2017
Zegers-Hochschild, F., Adamson, G. D., Dyer, S., Racowsky, C., de Mouzon, J., Sokol, R., Rienzi, L., Sunde, A., Schmidt, L., Cooke, I. D., et al. (2017) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/dex234 · Cited by 1,320 · see citing works
Self-citationRandomized trial of a lifestyle program in obese infertile women
Mutsaerts, M. A. Q., van Oers, A. M., Groen, H., Burggraaff, J. M., Kuchenbecker, W. K. H., Perquin, D. A. M., Koks, C. A. M., van Golde, R., Kaaijk, E. M., Schierbeek, J. M., et al. (2016) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1505297 · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Self-citationLegro, R. S., Dodson, W. C., Kris-Etherton, P. M., Kunselman, A. R., Stetter, C. M., Williams, N. I., Gnatuk, C. L., Estes, S. J., Fleming, J., Allison, K. C., et al. (2015) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2015-2778 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Self-citationTowards the global coverage of a unified registry of IVF outcomes
Fauser, B. C. (2019) · Reproductive BioMedicine Online · doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.12.001 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Self-citationPreconception lifestyle advice for people with infertility
Boedt, T., Vanhove, A.-C., Vercoe, M. A., Matthys, C., Dancet, E., & Lie Fong, S. (2021) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd008189.pub3 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Weight management interventions in women with and without PCOS: a systematic review
Kataoka, J., Tassone, E., Misso, M., Joham, A., Stener-Victorin, E., Teede, H., & Moran, L. (2017) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu9090996 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Seto, M. T. Y., Cheung, K. W., Lo, T. K., & Ng, E. H. Y. (2017) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2017.09.021 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- The Harbin Consensus Conference Workshop Group, Chairs:, C., Legro, R. S., Wu, X., Scientific Committee:, Barnhart, K. T., Farquhar, C., Fauser, B. C. J. M., Mol, B., Legro, R. S., Wu, X., Barnhart, K., Niederberger, C., Ng, E. H. Y., Palomba, S., Maria, A. S., Emilia, R., Zhang, H., Farquhar, C., Rebar, R. W., Pellicer, A., Reindollar, R., Fauser, B. C. J. M., Tapanainen, J. S., Evers, H., Shankaran, S., Silver, R. M., Mol, B., Norman, R. J., Silver, R. M., Bhattacharya, S., Vanderpoel, S., Bhattacharya, S., Evers, J. L., Ng, E. H. Y., Niederberger, C., Norman, R. J., Palomba, S., Pellicer, A., Reindollar, R., Rebar, R., Shankaran, S., Silver, R. M., Tapanainen, J. S., Vanderpool, S., & Zhang, H.
- Affiliations
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine (CN)
- ORCID
- Evers, Johannes L.
- Venue
- Human Reproduction
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2014-10-10
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 2075-2082
- ISSN
- 0268-1161 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2350
- PMC
- PMC4481576
- OpenAlex
- W2137118345
- Cited by
- 129
- References
- 98
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 13.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Human Reproduction (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong) (submittedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
- ResearchSpace (University of Auckland) (submittedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Pfizer
- World Health Organization
- Yale University (CT 06520)
- UNICEF
- Wayne State University
- University of Pennsylvania
- Michigan State University
- Dartmouth College
- Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri
- Auckland District Health Board
- University of Aberdeen
- University of Adelaide
- Universiteit Maastricht
- Universitat de València
- University of Hong Kong
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology
- National Institutes of Health
- College of Engineering, Michigan State University
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
- Audrey and Theodor Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth
- Penn State College of Medicine
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (U10HD038992)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Reproductive Health and Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials
- Keywords
- infertility treatment, clinical trial reporting, CONSORT statement, reporting guidelines, live birth, cumulative live birth, adverse events, pregnancy outcomes, fetal malformations, maternal risk factors, postpartum period, neonatal outcomes, primary outcome definition
- MeSH terms
- China, Clinical Trials as Topic, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Infertility, Male, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Outcome, Research Design, Treatment Outcome, Reproductive Techniques, Assisted
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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