A meta-analysis of pregnancy outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive disorder associated with many characteristic features, including hyperandrogenaemia, insulin resistance and obesity which may have significant implications for pregnancy outcomes and long-term health of the woman. This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the risk of pregnancy and neonatal complications in women with PCOS. Electronic databases were searched for the following MeSH headings: PCOS, hyperandrogenism, pregnancy outcome, pregnancy complications, diabetes mellitus, type II. A handsearch of human reproduction and fertility and sterility was also conducted. Studies in which pregnancy outcomes in women with PCOS were compared with controls were considered for inclusion in this meta-analysis. Fifteen of 525 identified studies were included, involving 720 women presenting with PCOS and 4505 controls. Women with PCOS demonstrated a significantly higher risk of developing gestational diabetes [odds ratio (OR) 2.94; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.70–5.08], pregnancy-induced hypertension (OR 3.67; 95% CI: 1.98–6.81), pre-eclampsia (OR 3.47; 95% CI: 1.95–6.17) and preterm birth (OR 1.75; 95% CI: 1.16–2.62). Their babies had a significantly higher risk of admission to a neonatal intensive care unit (OR 2.31; 95% CI: 1.25–4.26) and a higher perinatal mortality (OR 3.07; 95% CI: 1.03–9.21), unrelated to multiple births. In conclusion, women with PCOS are at increased risk of pregnancy and neonatal complications. Pre-pregnancy, antenatal and intrapartum care should be aimed at reducing these risks.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
PCOS is associated with a higher incidence of fertility assistance and complications of pregnancy, including gestational hypertension and diabetes.
“PCOS is associated with a higher incidence of fertility assistance and complications of pregnancy, including gestational hypertension and diabetes.12,17,18,21, 22, 23, 24”
From Increased Prevalence of Adverse Health Outcomes Across the Lifespan in Those Affected by Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Canadian Population Cohort (2024) · cites this paper as [24]
Women with PCOS have 2.8 to 4.3 times the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus during pregnancy compared to women without PCOS.
“Women with PCOS have 2.8 to 4.3 times the risk of developing GDM during pregnancy, compared to women without PCOS [53–55].”
From From Prediabetes to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Lifestyle and Pharmacological Management (2020) · cites this paper as [53]
Women with PCOS present with psychological, reproductive and metabolic implications.
“Women with PCOS present with psychological, 5,23 reproductive 24 and metabolic implications.”
From Assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome: Summary of an evidence-based guideline (2011) · cites this paper as [24]
Women with PCOS have increased Finnish Diabetes Risk Scores as well as increased risk of gestational diabetes, prediabetes and DM2, independent of but exacerbated by obesity.
“Women with PCOS have increased Finnish Diabetes Risk Scores as well as increased risk of gestational diabetes, 24 prediabetes and DM2 11,103 - independent of, but exacerbated by, obesity.”
From Assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome: Summary of an evidence-based guideline (2011) · cites this paper as [24]
Cites
(2004) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2003.10.004 · Cited by 9,050 · see citing works
Men at risk: occupation and male infertility.
Claman, P. (2004) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(03)01188-9 · Cited by 2,219 · see citing works
Low and Very Low Birth Weight in Infants Conceived with Use of Assisted Reproductive Technology
Schieve, L. A., Meikle, S., Ferré, C. D., Peterson, H. B., Jeng, G. T., & Wilcox, L. S. (2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa010806 · Cited by 1,014 · see citing works
Franks, S. (1997) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.77.1.89 · Cited by 802 · see citing works
Fetal programming of coronary heart disease
Barker, D. J. P. (2002) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s1043-2760(02)00689-6 · Cited by 678 · see citing works
Pre‐pregnancy weight and the risk of stillbirth and neonatal death
Kristensen, J. E., Vestergaard, M., Wisborg, K., Kesmodel, U. S., & Secher, N. J. (2005) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2005.00437.x · Cited by 469 · see citing works
Detecting Insulin Resistance in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Purposes and Pitfalls
Legro, R. S., Castracane, V. D., & Kauffman, R. P. (2004) · Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey · doi:10.1097/01.ogx.0000109523.25076.e2 · Cited by 453 · see citing works
Sir‐Petermann, T. (2002) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/17.10.2573 · Cited by 412 · see citing works
Multiple birth resulting from ovarian stimulation for subfertility treatment
Fauser, B. C. J. M., Devroey, P., & Macklon, N. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)66478-1 · Cited by 405 · see citing works
Self-citationA meta-analysis of outcomes of conventional IVF in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Heijnen, E., Eijkemans, M. J. C., Hughes, E. G., Laven, J. S. E., Macklon, N., & Fauser, B. C. J. M. (2005) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmi036 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Self-citationImproving reproductive performance in overweight/obese women with effective weight management
Norman, R. J. (2004) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmh018 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Glueck, C. J. (2004) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deh263 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
New Approach to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Other Forms of Anovulatory Infertility
Laven, J. S. E., Imani, B., Eijkemans, M. J. C., & Fauser, B. C. J. M. (2002) · Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey · doi:10.1097/00006254-200211000-00022 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Self-citationDunaif, A. E. (1995) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(99)80057-6 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Long-term health consequences of PCOS
Wild, R. A. (2002) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/8.3.231 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Obstetric complications of twin pregnancies
Rao, A., Sairam, S., & Shehata, H. A. (2004) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2004.04.007 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Birth weight in offspring of mothers with polycystic ovarian syndrome
Sir‐Petermann, T., Hitchsfeld, C., Maliqueo, M. A., Ethel Codner, D., Echiburú, B., Gazitúa, R., Recabarren, S. E., & CASSORLA, F. G. (2005) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/dei009 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Obstetric outcome in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome
Mikola, M. (2001) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/16.2.226 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Hirsutism and acne in polycystic ovary syndrome
Archer, J. S., & Chang, R. J. (2004) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2004.05.007 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Obstetric Outcome in Singleton Pregnancies After Assisted Reproduction
Tanbo, T. (1995) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0029-7844(95)00159-o · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Eijkemans, M. J. C. (2003) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deg459 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Self-citationBjercke, S., Dale, P. O., Tanbo, T. G., Storeng, R., Ertzeid, G., & Åbyholm, T. (2002) · Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation · doi:10.1159/000067719 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Pregnancy outcome in women with PCOS and in controls matched by age and weight
Haaková, L. (2003) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deg289 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Bühling, K. J., Henrich, W., Starr, E., Lübke, M., Bertram, S., Siebert, G., & Dudenhausen, J. W. (2003) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-003-0483-z · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Impaired Glucose Tolerance in Pregnant Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
RADON, P. A., MCMAHON, M. J., & MEYER, W. R. (1999) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0029-7844(99)00252-5 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Balen, A. H., Braat, D. D. M., West, C. P., Patel, A., & Jacobs, H. S. (1994) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138750 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Metformin, pre-eclampsia, and pregnancy outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Glueck, C. J., Bornovali, S., Pranikoff, J., Goldenberg, N., Dharashivkar, S., & Wang, P. (2004) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2004.01251.x · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Free fatty acids, insulin resistance, and pregnancy
Sivan, E., & Boden, G. (2003) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-003-0024-y · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Maternal complications of twin pregnancy
Campbell, D. M., & Templeton, A. (2003) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1016/s0020-7292(03)00314-x · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Obstetric and perinatal outcome of pregnancies after intrauterine insemination
Nuojua-Huttunen, S., Gissler, M., Martikainen, H. K., & Tuomivaara, L. (1999) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/14.8.2110 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Assessment of glucose tolerance and pregnancy outcome of polycystic ovary patients
Turhan, N. Ö., Seçkin, N. C., Aybar, F., & Inegöl, İ. (2003) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1016/s0020-7292(03)00003-1 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Rizzoli, R., Slosman, D. O., & Bonjour, J. ‐. (1995) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(05)80043-9 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Pregnancy in infertile PCOD patients. Complications and outcome.
Urman, B., Sarac, E., Dogan, L., & Gürgan, T. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Fridström, M., Nisell, H., Sjöblom, P., & Hillensjø, T. (1999) · Hypertension in Pregnancy · doi:10.3109/10641959909009612 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Weerakiet, S., Srisombut, C., Rojanasakul, A., Panburana, P., Thakkinstian, A., & Herabutya, Y. (2004) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.1080/09513590400007242 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
High incidence of preeclamptic toxemia in patients with polycystic ovarian disease
Diamant, Y. Z., Rimon, E., & Evron, S. (1982) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/0028-2243(82)90097-1 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Comparison of outcome of pregnancy after intra-uterine insemination (IUI) and IVF
Sutter, P. D., Veldeman, L., Kok, P., Szymczak, N., Elst, J. V. D., & Dhont, M. A. (2005) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deh807 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Vollenhoven, B. J., Clark, S., Kovács, G., Burger, H., & Healy, D. (2000) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1479-828x.2000.tb03167.x · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Gestational diabetes and neonatal macrosomia in the polycystic ovary syndrome.
Wortsman, J., Ángeles, S. D. L., Futterweit, W., Singh, K. B., & Kaufmann, R. C. (1991) · PubMed · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Polycystic ovary disease and the risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension.
Kashyap, S., & Claman, P. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Glucose tolerance in pregnant women following treatment for sterility.
Levran, D., Shoham, Z., Habib, D., Greenwald, M., Nebel, L., & Mashiach, S. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 23 · see citing works
[The practice of systematic reviews. V. Heterogeneity between studies and subgroup analysis].
Scholten, R. J. P. M., Assendelft, W. J., Kostense, P. J., & Bouter, L. M. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Azziz, R., Carmina, E., Chen, Z., Dunaif, A., Laven, J. S. E., Legro, R. S., Lizneva, D., Natterson-Horowtiz, B., Teede, H. J., & Yildiz, B. O. (2016) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/nrdp.2016.57 · Cited by 2,005 · see citing works
Fauser, B. C. J. M., Tarlatzis, B. C., Rebar, R. W., Legro, R. S., Balen, A. H., Lobo, R., Carmina, E., Chang, J., Yildiz, B. O., Laven, J. S. E., et al. (2012) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.09.024 · Cited by 1,976 · see citing works
Self-citationDiamanti-Kandarakis, E., & Dunaif, A. (2012) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2011-1034 · Cited by 1,947 · see citing works
Legro, R. S., Arslanian, S. A., Ehrmann, D. A., Hoeger, K. M., Murad, M. H., Pasquali, R., & Welt, C. K. (2013) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2013-2350 · Cited by 1,919 · see citing works
Teede, H., Deeks, A., & Moran, L. (2010) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/1741-7015-8-41 · Cited by 1,565 · see citing works
The Lancet women and cardiovascular disease Commission: reducing the global burden by 2030
Vogel, B., Mónica Acevedo, B., Appelman, Y., Merz, C. N. B., Chieffo, A., Figtree, G. A., Guerrero, M. E., Kunadian, V., Lam, C. S. P., Maas, A. H. E. M., et al. (2021) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00684-x · Cited by 1,536 · see citing works
Polycystic ovary syndrome: etiology, pathogenesis and diagnosis
Goodarzi, M. O., Dumesic, D. A., Chazenbalk, G., & Azziz, R. (2011) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2010.217 · Cited by 1,488 · see citing works
Norman, R. J., Dewailly, D., Legro, R. S., & Hickey, T. E. (2007) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)61345-2 · Cited by 1,360 · see citing works
Criteria, Prevalence, and Phenotypes of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Lizneva, D., Suturina, L., Walker, W., Brakta, S., Gavrilova-Jordan, L., & Azziz, R. (2016) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.05.003 · Cited by 1,358 · see citing works
Moran, L. J., Misso, M. L., Wild, R. A., & Norman, R. J. (2010) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmq001 · Cited by 1,108 · see citing works
Clomiphene, metformin, or both for infertility in the polycystic ovary syndrome
Legro, R. S., Barnhart, H. X., Schlaff, W. D., Carr, B. R., Diamond, M. P., Carson, S. A., Steinkampf, M. P., Coutifaris, C., McGovern, P. G., Cataldo, N. A., et al. (2007) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa063971 · Cited by 1,027 · see citing works
Franks, S. (1997) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.77.1.89 · Cited by 802 · see citing works
Joham, A. E., Norman, R. J., Stener-Victorin, E., Legro, R. S., Franks, S., Moran, L. J., Boyle, J., & Teede, H. J. (2022) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(22)00163-2 · Cited by 838 · see citing works
Consensus on infertility treatment related to polycystic ovary syndrome
The Thessaloniki ESHRE/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS Consensus Workshop Group March 2–3, 2. (2008) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.09.041 · Cited by 719 · see citing works
Balen, A. H., Morley, L. C., Misso, M., Franks, S., Legro, R. S., Wijeyaratne, C. N., Stener-Victorin, E., Fauser, B. C. J. M., Norman, R. J., & Teede, H. (2016) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmw025 · Cited by 705 · see citing works
Self-citationPregnancy complications in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Palomba, S., de Wilde, M. A., Falbo, A., Koster, M. P. H., La Sala, G. B., & Fauser, B. C. J. M. (2015) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmv029 · Cited by 691 · see citing works
Self-citationMcCartney, C. R., & Marshall, J. C. (2016) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmcp1514916 · Cited by 619 · see citing works
Treatment options for polycystic ovary syndrome
Badawy, A., & Elnashar (2011) · International Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.2147/ijwh.s11304 · Cited by 613 · see citing works
Stener-Victorin, E., Teede, H., Norman, R. J., Legro, R., Goodarzi, M. O., Dokras, A., Laven, J., Hoeger, K., & Piltonen, T. T. (2024) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/s41572-024-00511-3 · Cited by 495 · see citing works
Genetic, hormonal and metabolic aspects of PCOS: an update
De Leo, V., Musacchio, M. C., Cappelli, V., Massaro, M. G., Morgante, G., & Petraglia, F. (2016) · Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology · doi:10.1186/s12958-016-0173-x · Cited by 484 · see citing works
A European Evidence-Based Guideline for the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes
Paulweber, B., Valensi, P. E., Lindström, J., Lalic, N. M., Greaves, C. J., McKee, M., Kissimova‐Skarbek, K., Liatis, S., Cosson, E., Szendroedi, J., et al. (2010) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/s-0029-1240928 · Cited by 469 · see citing works
Moran, L. J., Pasquali, R., Teede, H. J., Hoeger, K. M., & Norman, R. J. (2009) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.09.018 · Cited by 444 · see citing works
Palomba, S., Falbo, A., Zullo, F., & Orio, F. (2009) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2008-0030 · Cited by 426 · see citing works
Prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in women in China: a large community-based study
Li, R., Zhang, Q., Yang, D., Li, S., Lu, S., Wu, X., Wei, Z., Song, X., Wang, X., Fu, S., et al. (2013) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/det262 · Cited by 419 · see citing works
Cassar, S., Misso, M. L., Hopkins, W. G., Shaw, C. S., Teede, H. J., & Stepto, N. K. (2016) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/dew243 · Cited by 415 · see citing works
Assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome: Summary of an evidence-based guideline
Teede, H. J., Misso, M. L., Deeks, A. A., Moran, L. J., Stuckey, B. G. A., Wong, J. L. A., Norman, R. J., Costello, M. F., & Groups, O. B. O. T. G. D. (2011) · Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/mja11.10915 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Vannuccini, S., Clifton, V. L., Fraser, I. S., Taylor, H. S., Critchley, H., Giudice, L. C., & Petraglia, F. (2016) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmv044 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Romundstad, L. B., Romundstad, P., Sunde, A., von Dûring, V., Skjærven, R., Gunnell, D., & VATTEN, L. J. (2008) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)61041-7 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Consensus on women's health aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
The Amsterdam ESHRE/ASRM-Sponsored 3rd PCOS Consensus Workshop Group, Fauser, B. C. J. M., Tarlatzis, B. C., Rebar, R. W., Legro, R. S., Balen, A. H., Lobo, R. A., Carmina, H., Chang, R. J., Yıldız, B. O., et al. (2011) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/der396 · Cited by 368 · see citing works
Self-citationMetabolic features of the reproductive phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome
Moran, L., & Teede, H. (2009) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmp008 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
Goodman, N. F., Cobin, R. H., Futterweit, W., Glueck, J. S., Legro, R. S., & Carmina, E. (2015) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep15748.dscpt2 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
Pregnancy and Reproductive Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in Women
O’Kelly, A. C., Michos, E. D., SHUFELT, C. L., Vermunt, J. V., Minissian, M., Quesada, O., Smith, G. N., Rich-Edwards, J. W., Garovic, V. D., Khoudary, S. R. E., et al. (2022) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.121.319895 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Luke, B., Brown, M. B., Stern, J. E., Missmer, S. A., Fujimoto, V. Y., Leach, R. E., & A SART Writing Group (2010) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deq306 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
Salley, K. E. S., Wickham, E. P., Cheang, K. I., Essah, P. A., Karjane, N. W., & Nestler, J. E. (2007) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1549 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Regensteiner, J. G., Golden, S., Huebschmann, A. G., Barrett-Connor, E., Chang, A. Y., Chyun, D., Fox, C. S., Kim, C., Mehta, N., Reckelhoff, J. F., et al. (2015) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000343 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Qin, J. Z., Pang, L. H., Li, M. J., Fan, X. J., Huang, R. D., & Chen, H. Y. (2013) · Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology · doi:10.1186/1477-7827-11-56 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Vanky, E., Stridsklev, S., Heimstad, R., Romundstad, P., Skogøy, K., Kleggetveit, O., Hjelle, S., von Brandis, P., Eikeland, T., Flo, K., et al. (2010) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2010-0853 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Roos, N., Kieler, H., Sahlin, L., Ekman-Ordeberg, G. E., Falconer, H., & Stephansson, O. (2011) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.d6309 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Deconstructing a Syndrome: Genomic Insights Into PCOS Causal Mechanisms and Classification
Dapas, M., & Dunaif, A. (2022) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/endrev/bnac001 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Pregnancy outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a metaanalysis
Kjerulff, L. E., Sanchez‐Ramos, L., & Duffy, D. A. (2011) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2011.03.021 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Complications and challenges associated with polycystic ovary syndrome: current perspectives
Palomba, S., Santagni, S., Falbo, A., & La Sala, G. B. (2015) · International Journal of Women's Health · doi:10.2147/ijwh.s70314 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Genetic variants and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review
Zhang, C., Bao, W., Rong, Y., Yang, H., Bowers, K., Yeung, E., & Kiely, M. (2013) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmt013 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Obesity and PCOS: Implications for Diagnosis and Treatment
Legro, R. S. (2012) · Seminars in Reproductive Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-0032-1328878 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Beyond fertility: polycystic ovary syndrome and long-term health
Cooney, L. G., & Dokras, A. (2018) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.08.021 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Infertility Workup for the Women’s Health Specialist
(2019) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0000000000003271 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Yu, H.-F., Chen, H.-S., Rao, D.-P., & Gong, J. (2016) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000004863 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Treatment of infertility in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: approach to clinical practice
de Melo, A. S., Ferriani, R. A., & Navarro, P. A. (2015) · Clinics · doi:10.6061/clinics/2015(11)09 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Moran, L. J., Ko, H., Misso, M., Marsh, K., Noakes, M., Talbot, M., Frearson, M., Thondan, M., Stepto, N., & Teede, H. J. (2013) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2012.11.018 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Fetal Programming and Metabolic Syndrome
Rinaudo, P. F., & Wang, E. T. (2011) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-020911-153245 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Diamanti‐Kandarakis, E., Christakou, C. D., Kandaraki, E., & Economou, F. (2009) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-09-0733 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Legro, R. S., Dodson, W. C., Kris-Etherton, P. M., Kunselman, A. R., Stetter, C. M., Williams, N. I., Gnatuk, C. L., Estes, S. J., Fleming, J., Allison, K. C., et al. (2015) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2015-2778 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Gerdts (2022) · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehac470 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 194: polycystic ovary syndrome
(2018) · Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0000000000002656 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Physiological Aspects of Female Fertility: Role of the Environment, Modern Lifestyle, and Genetics
Hart, R. J. (2016) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00023.2015 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Obesity, pregnancy, inflammation, and vascular function
Denison, F. C., Roberts, K. A., Barr, S. M., & Norman, J. E. (2010) · Reproduction · doi:10.1530/rep-10-0074 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Walls, M. L., Hunter, T., Ryan, J. P., Keelan, J. A., Nathan, E., & Hart, R. J. (2014) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deu248 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Bahri Khomami, M., Joham, A. E., Boyle, J. A., Piltonen, T., Silagy, M., Arora, C., Misso, M. L., Teede, H. J., & Moran, L. J. (2019) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12829 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Polycystic ovary syndrome: a “risk-enhancing” factor for cardiovascular disease
Guan, C. S., Zahid, S., Minhas, A., Ouyang, P., Vaught, A. “. J., Baker, V. L., & Michos, E. D. (2022) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.03.009 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Neven, A., Laven, J., Teede, H., & Boyle, J. (2018) · Seminars in Reproductive Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-0038-1668085 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
The management of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
Jayasena, C. N., & Franks, S. (2014) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2014.102 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome throughout life
Louwers, Y. V., & Laven, J. S. E. (2020) · Therapeutic Advances in Reproductive Health · doi:10.1177/2633494120911038 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Sha, T., Wang, X., Cheng, W., & Yan, Y. (2019) · Reproductive BioMedicine Online · doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2019.03.203 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Mills, G., Badeghiesh, A. M., Suarthana, E., Baghlaf, H. A., & Dahan, M. H. (2020) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deaa099 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Palomba, S., Falbo, A. I., Russo, T., Tolino, A., Orio, F., & Zullo, F. (2009) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.10.043 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Basic Infertility Including Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Brassard, M., Ainmelk, Y., & Baillargeon, J. (2008) · Medical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2008.04.008 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Definition, epidemiology, risk factors
Galtier, F. (2010) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2010.11.014 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Polycystic ovary syndrome throughout a woman’s life
Group of interest in Reproductive Endocrinology (GIER) of the Spanish Fertility Society (SEF), Bellver, J., Rodríguez-Tabernero, L., Robles, A., Muñoz, E., Martínez, F., Landeras, J., García-Velasco, J., Fontes, J., Álvarez, M., et al. (2018) · Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10815-017-1047-7 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Review: Role of metformin in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome
Lashen, H. (2010) · Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1177/2042018810380215 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Lizneva, D., Kirubakaran, R., Mykhalchenko, K., Suturina, L., Chernukha, G., Diamond, M. P., & Azziz, R. (2016) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.07.1121 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
A role for menstruation in preconditioning the uterus for successful pregnancy
Brosens, J. J., Parker, M. G., McIndoe, A., Pijnenborg, R., & Brosens, I. A. (2009) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2008.11.037 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Comorbidities and complications of polycystic ovary syndrome: An overview of systematic reviews
Gilbert, E. W., Tay, C. T., Hiam, D. S., Teede, H. J., & Moran, L. J. (2018) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.13828 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Maternal obesity: the interplay between inflammation, mother and fetus
Schmatz, M., Madan, J. C., Marino, T., & Davis, J. M. (2009) · Journal of Perinatology · doi:10.1038/jp.2009.182 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Toulis, K. A., Goulis, D. G., Kolibianakis, E. M., Venetis, C. A., Tarlatzis, B. C., & Papadimas, I. (2008) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.06.045 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Gestational Diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes in Reproductive-Aged Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Joham, A. E., Ranasinha, S., Zoungas, S., Moran, L., & Teede, H. J. (2013) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2013-2007 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Implications of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome for Pregnancy and for the Health of Offspring
Doherty, D. A., Newnham, J. P., Bower, C. I., & Hart, R. J. (2015) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0000000000000852 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Stern, J. E., Luke, B., Tobias, M., Gopal, D., Hornstein, M. D., & Diop, H. (2015) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.02.027 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Health and fertility in World Health Organization group 2 anovulatory women
ESHRE Capri Workshop Group, Baird, D. T., Balen, A., Escobar-Morreale, H. F., Evers, J. L. H., Fauser, B. C. J. M., Franks, S., Glasier, A. F., Homburg, R., Vecchia, C. L., et al. (2012) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dms019 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Self-citationPalomba, S., Falbo, A. I., Orio, F., & Zullo, F. (2008) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.08.087 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Eilertsen, T., Vanky, E., & Carlsen, S. M. (2012) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/des213 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
The consequences of obesity and excess weight gain in pregnancy
Norman, J. E., & Reynolds, R. M. (2011) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1017/s0029665111003077 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Simoni, M., Tempfer, C. M., Destenaves, B., & Fauser, B. C. J. M. (2008) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmn024 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Self-citationCriteria, phenotypes and prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome
Belenkaia, L. V., Лазарева, Л. М., Walker, W., Lizneva, D., & Сутурина, Л. В. (2019) · Minerva Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.23736/s0026-4784.19.04404-6 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Wang, R., Kim, B. V., van Wely, M., JOHNSON, N. P., Costello, M., Zhang, H., Ng, E. H. Y., Legro, R. S., Bhattacharya, S., Norman, R. J., et al. (2017) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.j138 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
The Harbin Consensus Conference Workshop Group, Chairs:, C., Legro, R. S., Wu, X., Scientific Committee:, Barnhart, K. T., Farquhar, C., Fauser, B. C. J. M., Mol, B., Legro, R. S., et al. (2014) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deu218 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Self-citationWitchel, S. F., Teede, H. J., & Peña, A. S. (2019) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1038/s41390-019-0615-1 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Thomopoulos, C., Tsioufis, C. P., Michalopoulou, H., Makris, T., Papademetriou, V., & Stefanadis, C. (2012) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/jhh.2012.13 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Drug Insight: insulin-sensitizing drugs in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome—a reappraisal
Dunaif, A. E. (2008) · Nature Clinical Practice Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/ncpendmet0787 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Marquard, K. L., Stephens, S. M., Jungheim, E. S., Ratts, V. S., Odem, R. R., Lanzendorf, S. E., & Moley, K. H. (2010) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.10.026 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Systematic review and meta-analysis of pregnancy outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Khomami, M. B., Shorakae, S., Hashemi, S., Harrison, C. L., Piltonen, T., Romualdi, D., Tay, C. T., Teede, H. J., Vanky, E., & Mousa, A. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-49749-1 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Anderson, H., Fogel, N. R., Grebe, S. K. G., Singh, R. J., Taylor, R. L., & Dunaif, A. E. (2010) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2009-2651 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Karimzadeh, M. A., & Javedani, M. (2010) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.02.078 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in patients undergoing assisted reproductive techniques
Ashrafi, M., Gosili, R., Hosseini, R., Arabipoor, A., Ahmadi, J., & Chehrazi, M. (2014) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2014.02.009 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Piltonen, T., Chen, J., Erikson, D. W., Spitzer, T., Barragan, F., Rabban, J. T., Huddleston, H. G., Irwin, J. C., & Giudice, L. C. (2013) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2013-1923 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Oxidative stress in pregnancy and fertility pathologies
Pereira, A. C., & Martel, F. (2014) · Cell Biology and Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s10565-014-9285-2 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Rabaglino, M. B., Uiterweer, E. D. P., Jeyabalan, A., Hogge, W. A., & Conrad, K. P. (2014) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.04481 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Palomba, S., Falbo, A. I., & Sala, G. B. L. (2012) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/1471-0528.12070 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Bisphenol A (BPA) and its potential role in the pathogenesis of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Rutkowska, A. Z., & Rachoń, D. (2014) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.3109/09513590.2013.871517 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Sivalingam, V. N., Myers, J., Nicholas, S., Balen, A. H., & Crosbie, E. J. (2014) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmu037 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Zain, M. M., Jamaluddin, R., Ibrahim, A., & Norman, R. J. (2008) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.12.002 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Estrogen Receptors in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Xu, X.-L., Deng, S., Lian, Z., & Yu, K. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10020459 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
- Authors
- Boomsma, C. M., Eijkemans, M. J. C., Hughes, E. G., Visser, G. H. A., Fauser, B. C. J. M., & Macklon, N. S.
- Affiliations
- University Medical Center Utrecht (NL)
- Erasmus University Rotterdam (NL)
- McMaster University (CA)
- Utrecht University (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Boomsma, C.M.
- Venue
- Human Reproduction Update
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2006-08-04
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 673-683
- ISSN
- 1355-4786 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2369
- OpenAlex
- W2101687529
- Cited by
- 852
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 58 · 2023: 55 · 2022: 59 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 53 · 2019: 52 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 44 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 51 · 2014: 61 · 2013: 41 · 2012: 39
- FWCI
- 4.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Human Reproduction Update (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Assisted Reproductive Technology and Twin Pregnancy
- Keywords
- polycystic ovary syndrome, pregnancy outcomes, gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, preterm birth, neonatal intensive care admission, perinatal mortality, hyperandrogenemia, insulin resistance, obesity
- MeSH terms
- Birth Weight, Cesarean Section, Female, Humans, Infant Mortality, Infant, Newborn, Infertility, Female, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Pre-Eclampsia, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Pregnancy Outcome, Diabetes, Gestational, Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced, Premature Birth
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
