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Cited by 51Liver Disease Diagnosis and TreatmentNutritional Studies and DietDiet, Metabolism, and Disease

Red meat consumption, obesity, and the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease among women: evidence from mediation analysis

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Kim, Mi Na, Lo, Chun-Han, Corey, Kathleen E., Luo, Xiao, Long, Lu, Zhang, Xuehong, Chan, Andrew T., Simon, Tracey G.·2022·Clinical Nutrition
DOI 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.12.014PMC PMC8815093
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Abstract

Background Previous studies have suggested consumption of red meat may be associated with an increased risk of developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, large-scale, prospective data regarding red meat consumption in relation to the incidence of NAFLD are lacking, nor is it known whether any association is mediated by obesity.Objective We aimed to evaluate the relationship between red meat consumption and the subsequent risk of developing NAFLD.Design This prospective cohort study included 77,795 women in the Nurses' Health Study II cohort without NAFLD at baseline (in 1995), who provided detailed, validated information regarding diet, including consumption of red meat, every 4 years, followed through 2015. Lifestyle factors, clinical comorbidities and body mass index (BMI), were updated biennially. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results Over 1,444,637 person years of follow-up, we documented 3130 cases of incident NAFLD. Compared to women who consumed ≤1 serving/week of red meat, the multivariable-adjusted HRs of incident NAFLD were 1.20 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.50) for 2-4 servings/week; 1.31 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.61) for 5-6 servings/week; 1.41 (95% CI: 1.13, 1.75) for 1 serving/day; and 1.52 (95% CI: 1.23, 1.89) for ≥2 servings/day. However, after further adjustment for BMI, all associations for red meat, including unprocessed and processed red meat, were attenuated and not statistically significant (all P-trend>0.05). BMI was estimated to mediate 66.1% (95% CI: 41.8%, 84.2%; P < 0.0001) of the association between red meat consumption and NAFLD risk.Conclusions Red meat consumption, including both unprocessed and processed red meat, was associated with significantly increased risk of developing NAFLD. This association was mediated largely by obesity.

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  • Prospective studies showed that sugar-sweetened beverages and red meat consumption (unprocessed and processed) were associated with an increased risk of developing MASLD in a dose-dependent manner, liver cancer and liver disease-related mortality.

    “With regard to speci fi c nutrients or foods, prospective studies showed that sugar-sweetened beverages and red meat consumption (unprocessed and processed) were associated with an increased risk of developing MASLD (in a dose-dependent manner), 109,110 liver cancer and liver disease-related mortality.”

    From EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). (2024) · cites this paper as [109]

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  1. [69]Kim MN, Lo CH, Corey KE, Liu PH, Ma W, Zhang X, Weight Gain during Early Adulthood, Trajectory of Body Shape and the Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study among Women. Metabolism: clinical and experimental. 2020: 154398. 33058854 PMC7680436

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Authors
Kim, M. N., Lo, C.-H., Corey, K. E., Luo, X., Long, L., Zhang, X., Chan, A. T., & Simon, T. G.
Affiliations
  • Harvard University (US)
  • Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
  • Broad Institute (US)
Corresponding author
  • Chan, Andrew T.
  • Simon, Tracey G.
ORCID
Venue
Clinical Nutrition
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2022-02
Volume
41
Issue
2
Pages
356-364
ISSN
0261-5614 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.clnu.2021.12.014
PMC
PMC8815093
OpenAlex
W4200425566
Cited by
51
References
75
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 10
FWCI
5.04
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institutes of Health
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
Keywords
red meat consumption, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, mediation analysis, body mass index, processed red meat, unprocessed red meat, women, Nurses' Health Study II
MeSH terms
Red Meat, Mediation Analysis, Adult, Diet, Diet Surveys, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Life Style, Middle Aged, Obesity, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Body Mass Index, Incidence, Proportional Hazards Models, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

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