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The Intestinal Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota has important metabolic and host-protective functions. Conversely to these beneficial functions, the intestinal microbiota is thought to play a central role in the etiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis), a chronic inflammation of the gut mucosa. Genetic screens and studies in experimental mouse models have clearly demonstrated that IBD can develop due to excessive translocation of bacteria into the bowel wall or dysregulated handling of bacteria in genetically susceptible hosts. In healthy individuals, the microbiota is efficiently separated from the mucosal immune system of the gut by the gut barrier, a single layer of highly specialized epithelial cells, some of which are equipped with innate immune functions to prevent or control access of bacterial antigens to the mucosal immune cells. It is currently unclear whether the composition of the microbial flora or individual bacterial strains or pathogens induces or supports the pathogenesis of IBD. Further research will be necessary to carefully dissect the contribution of individual bacterial species to this disease and to ascertain whether specific modulation of the intestinal microbiome may represent a valuable further option for future therapeutic strategies.
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“The gastrointestinal tract is constantly confronted with food antigens, possible pathogens, and symbiotic intestinal microbiota that present a risk factor for intestinal inflammation (63).”
From Vagus Nerve as Modulator of the Brain–Gut Axis in Psychiatric and Inflammatory Disorders (2018) · cites this paper as [63]
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“Effects of the intestinal microbiota on the host are reviewed by Becker and colleagues and Hörmannsperger and colleagues (Becker et al. 2015; Hörmannsperger et al. 2015).”
BackgroundNiu, W., Yang, F., Fu, Z., Dong, Y., Zhang, Z., & Ju, J. (2021) · Microbial Pathogenesis · doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105381 · Cited by 39
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Treatment of murine colitis by Saccharomyces boulardii secreting atrial natriuretic peptide
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“It is generally accepted that the abnormal alteration of gut microbiota plays an important role in IBD pathogenesis [18], and the ability of probiotics to positively regulate the gut flora can be beneficial to the disease [19, 20].”
BackgroundStolzer, I., Kaden-Volynets, V., Ruder, B., Letizia, M., Bittel, M., Rausch, P., Basic, M., Bleich, A., Baines, J. F., Neurath, M. F., et al. (2019) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1093/ibd/izz142 · Cited by 31
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“Gut flora plays a key role in the metabolism, development, and function of the host immune system [12].”
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“However, there is no evidence that changes in intestinal microbes are the cause or result of IBD [56].”
BackgroundMucosa-Associated Microbiota in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Healthy Japanese Subjects
Kashiwagi, S., Naito, Y., Inoüe, R., Takagi, T., Nakano, T., Inada, Y., Fukui, A., Katada, K., Mizushima, K., Kamada, K., et al. (2019) · Digestion · doi:10.1159/000496102 · Cited by 31
Exposure to copper altered the intestinal microbiota in Chinese brown frog (Rana chensinensis)
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Aximujiang, K., Kaheman, K., Wushouer, X., Wu, G., Ahemaiti, A., & Yunusi, K. (2022) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.859628 · Cited by 34
Loss of RHBDF2 results in an early-onset spontaneous murine colitis
Geesala, R., Schanz, W., Biggs, M., Dixit, G., Skurski, J., Gurung, P., Meyerholz, D. K., Elliott, D. E., Issuree, P. D. A., & Maretzky, T. (2019) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1002/jlb.4a0718-283rr · Cited by 30
Prevalence of allergic diseases in children with inflammatory bowel disease
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Innate lymphoid cells in intestinal cancer development
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Microbiota, not host origin drives ex vivo intestinal epithelial responses
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Farhadfar, N., Gharaibeh, R. Z., Dahl, W. J., Mead, L., Alabasi, K. M., Newsome, R. C., Irizarry-Gatell, V., Weaver, M. T., Al‐Mansour, Z., Jobin, C., et al. (2021) · Transplantation and Cellular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.jtct.2021.02.017 · Cited by 26
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Precision medicine and drug optimization in adult inflammatory bowel disease patients
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A phytopharmacological overview of medicinal plants used for prophylactic and treatment of colitis
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Bosch, S., Wintjens, D., Wicaksono, A. N., Kuijvenhoven, J. P., van der Hulst, R. W. M., Stokkers, P. C. F., Daulton, E., Pierik, M. J., Covington, J. A., de Meij, T. G. J., et al. (2020) · Digestive and Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.dld.2020.03.007 · Cited by 22
Role of melatonin in murine “restraint stress”-induced dysfunction of colonic microbiota
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Interleukin-37 exacerbates experimental colitis in an intestinal microbiome-dependent fashion
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“It can cause colon inflammation by allowing more bacteria to translocate to the laminal propria compartment and triggering inappropriate host immune responses when confronted with the commensal microbiota [3-6].”
BackgroundAn improved rat model for chronic inflammatory bowel disease
Ghattamaneni, N. K. R., Panchal, S. K., & Brown, L. (2018) · Pharmacological Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pharep.2018.10.006 · Cited by 22
“During dysbiosis in IBD, decreases in Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes are observed with increases in Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria [27].”
BackgroundInfluentialRegulation of Human Innate Lymphoid Cells in the Context of Mucosal Inflammation
Schulz-Kuhnt, A., Wirtz, S. J., Neurath, M. F., & Atreya, I. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01062 · Cited by 21
Self-citationFeatures of the gut prokaryotic virome of Japanese patients with Crohn’s disease
Imai, T., Inoüe, R., Nishida, A., Yokota, Y., Morishima, S., Kawahara, M., Kusada, H., Tamaki, H., & Andoh, A. (2022) · Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1007/s00535-022-01882-8 · Cited by 20
Chamorro, N., Montero, D. A., Gallardo, P., Farfán, M. J., Mauricio Contreras, G., la Fuente, M. D., Dubois‐Camacho, K., Hermoso, M. A., Quera, R., Pizarro‐Guajardo, M., et al. (2021) · Microbial Cell · doi:10.15698/mic2021.09.760 · Cited by 21
“Previous studies have also shown the same alteration in the abundance of these phyla in the mucosa-associated microbiota of IBD patients [35, 63, 64].”
ResultRajesh, K. M., Kinra, M., Ranadive, N., Pawaskar, G. M., Mudgal, J., & Raval, R. (2023) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00210-023-02710-3 · Cited by 18
“Chronic inflammatory gastrointestinal tract disorders fall under the umbrella term of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), which encompasses conditions such as ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn disease (CD) (Becker et al. 2015b).”
BackgroundJatrorrhizine alleviates ulcerative colitis via regulating gut microbiota and NOS2 expression
Zhang, J. L., Zhang, M.-N., Wang, H., Yang, X. Z., & Yu, C. G. (2022) · Gut Pathogens · doi:10.1186/s13099-022-00514-z · Cited by 17
“Discussion Several studies have shown evidence that gut dysbiosis is closely related to UC [33, 34].”
BackgroundGao, R., Wang, C., Aricha, H., Tian, Y., Ren, S., Lv, W., Chen, A., & Zhang, J. (2021) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani11113314 · Cited by 17
“Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota can lead to a variety of diseases and dysfunctions, including inflammatory bowel disease [6], obesity [7], colorectal cancer [8], and type 2 diabetes [9].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Becker, C., Neurath, M. F., & Wirtz, S.
- Affiliations
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Becker, Christoph
- Venue
- ILAR Journal
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2015-08-31
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 192-204
- ISSN
- 1084-2020 (ISSN-L)
- 1930-6180
- OpenAlex
- W2235910927
- Cited by
- 185
- References
- 144
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 1.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- ILAR Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, intestinal barrier, mucosal immunity, bacterial translocation, host susceptibility, microbiota modulation, treatment options
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Animals, Colitis, Ulcerative, Crohn Disease, Humans, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Models, Animal
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