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The Intestinal Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota has important metabolic and host-protective functions. Conversely to these beneficial functions, the intestinal microbiota is thought to play a central role in the etiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis), a chronic inflammation of the gut mucosa. Genetic screens and studies in experimental mouse models have clearly demonstrated that IBD can develop due to excessive translocation of bacteria into the bowel wall or dysregulated handling of bacteria in genetically susceptible hosts. In healthy individuals, the microbiota is efficiently separated from the mucosal immune system of the gut by the gut barrier, a single layer of highly specialized epithelial cells, some of which are equipped with innate immune functions to prevent or control access of bacterial antigens to the mucosal immune cells. It is currently unclear whether the composition of the microbial flora or individual bacterial strains or pathogens induces or supports the pathogenesis of IBD. Further research will be necessary to carefully dissect the contribution of individual bacterial species to this disease and to ascertain whether specific modulation of the intestinal microbiome may represent a valuable further option for future therapeutic strategies.
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“The gastrointestinal tract is constantly confronted with food antigens, possible pathogens, and symbiotic intestinal microbiota that present a risk factor for intestinal inflammation (63).”
From Vagus Nerve as Modulator of the Brain–Gut Axis in Psychiatric and Inflammatory Disorders (2018) · cites this paper as [63]
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“immune Homeostasis The gastrointestinal tract is constantly confronted with food antigens, possible pathogens, and symbiotic intestinal microbiota that present a risk factor for intestinal inflammation (63).”
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“adherent/invasive Escherichia coli) [3, 4], the majority of bacterial species that characterize the dysbiosis of IBD have not been fully identified.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialAnanthakrishnan, A. N., Luo, C., Yajnik, V., Khalili, H., Garber, J. J., Stevens, B. W., Cleland, T., & Xavier, R. J. (2017) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2017.04.010 · Cited by 451
“The gut microbiome is a key determinant of initiation and propagation of luminal inflammation in IBD(Becker et al., 2015; Forbes et al., 2016; Gevers et al., 2014; Knights et al., 2013; Kostic et al., 2014).”
BackgroundInfluential
Metadata
- Authors
- Becker, C., Neurath, M. F., & Wirtz, S.
- Affiliations
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Becker, Christoph
- Venue
- ILAR Journal
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2015-08-31
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 192-204
- ISSN
- 1084-2020 (ISSN-L)
- 1930-6180
- OpenAlex
- W2235910927
- Cited by
- 185
- References
- 144
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 1.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- ILAR Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, intestinal barrier, mucosal immunity, bacterial translocation, host susceptibility, microbiota modulation, treatment options
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Animals, Colitis, Ulcerative, Crohn Disease, Humans, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Models, Animal
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