The Effect of Chronic Cytomegalovirus Infection on Pneumococcal Vaccine Responses
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Immune function declines with age and has been associated with reduced vaccine responsiveness. Chronic infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been proposed as a contributor to poorer responses in older adults. A pneumococcal vaccine has been recommended in the United Kingdom for those aged >65 years since 2003 to prevent pneumococcal disease. METHODS: We evaluated the effect of age and CMV status on pneumococcal vaccine responses in 348 individuals aged 50-70 years. RESULTS: We found participant age to be associated with serotype-specific and functional antibody titers after pneumococcal vaccination, with a mean 6.2% (95% confidence interval, 2.9%-9.5%) reduction in postvaccination functional antibody titers per year. CMV status was not associated with serotype-specific immunoglobulin G concentrations or functional antibody titers after pneumococcal vaccination. However, CMV seropositivity was associated with higher levels of prevaccination functional antibody for 4 of 7 pneumococcal serotypes assessed. CONCLUSIONS: These data imply that CMV infection is not directly responsible for the decline in pneumococcal vaccine responses seen with age but suggest that CMV-seropositive individuals differ in their natural exposure to pneumococci or have altered mucosal immune responses after colonization with this organism.
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Some studies have shown no effect of CMV on vaccine responses in the elderly.
“For example, some studies have shown no effect of CMV on vaccine responses in the elderly (den Elzen et al. 2011; O’Connor et al. 2014; Wald et al. 2013) and other studies have even reported vaccine-boosting effects of CMV in young individuals (Furman et al. 2015).”
From Is immunosenescence influenced by our lifetime “dose” of exercise? (2016) · cites this paper as O’Connor et al. 2014
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T cell responses to cytomegalovirus
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- Authors
- O'Connor, D., Trück, J., Lazarus, R., Clutterbuck, E. A., Voysey, M., Jeffery, K., & Pollard, A. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust (GB)
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Infectious Diseases
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2013-12-02
- Volume
- 209
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1635-1641
- ISSN
- 0022-1899 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-6613
- OpenAlex
- W2136321177
- Cited by
- 22
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 1.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (publishedVersion)
- Explore Bristol Research (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Pfizer
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Keywords
- cytomegalovirus infection, pneumococcal vaccine response, pneumococcal serotypes, immunosenescence, CMV seropositivity, pneumococcal carriage, mucosal immunity, older adults
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Antibodies, Bacterial, Chronic Disease, Cytomegalovirus Infections, Female, Humans, Immunoglobulin G, Male, Middle Aged, Pneumococcal Vaccines
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