Combined effects of 3-nitrooxypropanol and canola oil supplementation on methane emissions, rumen fermentation and biohydrogenation, and total tract digestibility in beef cattle
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The individual and combined effects of 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) and canola oil (OIL) supplementation on enteric methane (CH4) and hydrogen (H2) emissions, rumen fermentation and biohydrogenation, and total tract nutrient digestibility were investigated in beef cattle. Eight beef heifers (mean body weight ± SD, 732 ± 43 kg) with ruminal fistulas were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square with a 2 (with and without 3-NOP) × 2 (with and without OIL) arrangement of treatments and 28-d periods (13 d adaption and 15 d measurements). The four treatments were: control (no 3-NOP, no OIL), 3-NOP (200 mg/kg dry matter [DM]), OIL (50 g/kg DM), and 3-NOP (200 mg/kg DM) plus OIL (50 g/kg DM). Animals were fed restrictively (7.6 kg DM/d) a basal diet of 900 g/kg DM barley silage and 100 g/kg DM supplement. 3-NOP and OIL decreased (P < 0.01) CH4 yield (g/kg DM intake) by 31.6% and 27.4%, respectively, with no 3-NOP × OIL interaction (P = 0.85). Feeding 3-NOP plus OIL decreased CH4 yield by 51% compared with control. There was a 3-NOP × OIL interaction (P = 0.02) for H2 yield (g/kg DM intake); the increase in H2 yield (P < 0.01) due to 3-NOP was less when it was combined with OIL. There were 3-NOP × OIL interactions for molar percentages of acetate and propionate (P < 0.01); individually, 3-NOP and OIL decreased acetate and increased propionate percentages with no further effect when supplemented together. 3-NOP slightly increased crude protein (P = 0.02) and starch (P = 0.01) digestibilities, while OIL decreased the digestibilities of DM (P < 0.01) and neutral detergent fiber (P < 0.01) with no interactions (P = 0.15 and 0.10, respectively). 3-NOP and OIL increased (P = 0.04 and P < 0.01, respectively) saturated fatty acid concentration in rumen fluid, with no interaction effect. Interactions for ruminal trans-monounsaturated fatty acids (t-MUFA) concentration and percentage were observed (P = 0.02 and P < 0.01); 3-NOP had no effect on t-MUFA concentration and percentage, while OIL increased the concentration (P < 0.01) and percentage (P < 0.01) of t-MUFA but to a lesser extent when combined with 3-NOP. In conclusion, the CH4-mitigating effects of 3-NOP and OIL were independent and incremental. Supplementing ruminant diets with a combination of 3-NOP and OIL may help mitigate CH4 emissions, but the decrease in total tract digestibility due to OIL may decrease animal performance and needs further investigation.
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3-nitrooxypropanol is a promising methanogenesis inhibitor that reduces methane emissions in ruminant animals by up to 40%.
“3-nitrooxypropanol is the latest developed and promising inhibitor for methanogenesis,127 which has been shown to reduce methane emissions in ruminant animals by up to 40%.128,129”
From Technologies and perspectives for achieving carbon neutrality (2021) · cites this paper as [127]
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- Authors
- Zhang, X. M., Smith, M. L., Gruninger, R. J., Kung, L., Vyas, D., McGinn, S. M., Kindermann, M., Wang, M., Tan, Z. L., & Beauchemin, K. A.
- Affiliations
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (CA)
- University of Delaware (US)
- DSM Nutritional Products, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Smith, Megan L
- Vyas, Diwakar
- Beauchemin, Karen A
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Animal Science
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2021-03-23
- Volume
- 99
- Issue
- 4
- ISSN
- 0021-8812 (ISSN-L)
- 1525-3163
- PMC
- PMC8051842
- OpenAlex
- W3139378024
- Cited by
- 65
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 3
- FWCI
- 12.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Animal Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (31922080, 32002204)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production
- Keywords
- 3-nitrooxypropanol, canola oil, enteric methane, hydrogen emission, rumen fermentation, biohydrogenation, total tract digestibility, beef cattle, rumen fermentation inhibitors, dietary supplementation, rumen volatile fatty acids, rumen pH, rumen ammonia
- MeSH terms
- Rapeseed Oil, Animals, Animal Feed, Cattle, Diet, Digestion, Female, Fermentation, Methane, Milk, Rumen, Silage, Dietary Supplements, Propanols
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