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Screening for Emotional Distress in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review of Assessment Instruments
Open accessAbstract
Screening for emotional distress is becoming increasingly common in cancer care. This systematic review examines the psychometric properties of the existing tools used to screen patients for emotional distress, with the goal of encouraging screening programs to use standardized tools that have strong psychometrics. Systematic searches of MEDLINE and PsycINFO databases for English-language studies in cancer patients were performed using a uniform set of key words (eg, depression, anxiety, screening, validation, and scale), and the retrieved studies were independently evaluated by two reviewers. Evaluation criteria included the number of validation studies, the number of participants, generalizability, reliability, the quality of the criterion measure, sensitivity, and specificity. The literature search yielded 106 validation studies that described a total of 33 screening measures. Many generic and cancer-specific scales satisfied a fairly high threshold of quality in terms of their psychometric properties and generalizability. Among the ultrashort measures (ie, those containing one to four items), the Combined Depression Questions performed best in patients receiving palliative care. Among the short measures (ie, those containing five to 20 items), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale demonstrated adequate psychometric properties. Among the long measures (ie, those containing 21-50 items), the Beck Depression Inventory and the General Health Questionaire-28 met all evaluation criteria. The PsychoSocial Screen for Cancer, the Questionnaire on Stress in Cancer Patients-Revised, and the Rotterdam Symptom Checklist are long measures that can also be recommended for routine screening. In addition, other measures may be considered for specific indications or disease types. Some measures, particularly newly developed cancer-specific scales, require further validation against structured clinical interviews (the criterion standard for validation measures) before they can be recommended.
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“The HADS is validated and extensively used in the measurement of distress among cancer survivors (Vodermaier et al., 2009; Mitchell et al., 2010).”
From A randomised controlled trial comparing internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) with and without main carer access versus treatment-as-usual for depression and anxiety among breast cancer survivors: Study protocol (2021) · cites this paper as Vodermaier et al., 2009
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Emotional distress and future healthcare utilization in oncology populations: A systematic review
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“In fact, content validity may be higher in questionnaires with multiple questions 57 while brief surveys (1–4 questions) are optimal for ruling out depression, anxiety, or distress rather than confidently ruling in these diagnoses.”
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Martínez, P., Andreu, Y., Garrido, M. J. G., & Ibáñez, E. (2015) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2015.02.004 · Cited by 9
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MethodUnmet mental health needs in patients with advanced B-cell lymphomas
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“Other questionnaires for the detection of psychological distress were elaborated; for instance, Vodermaier et al (6), Luckett et al (7), Mitchell (8), and Muzzatti and Annunziata (3) provided descriptions of the more common screening tools for distress in oncology.”
MethodOn chronic cancer-related fatigue and physical behavior
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“The DT scale used to measure psychological distress has been tested in populations of cancer patients with mixed diagnoses and different stages of the disease but not specifically with Indigenous people with cancer.(49) Therefore, due to cultural differences, caution should be taken when interpreting results, as the D…”
MethodUnmet needs in people with high-grade glioma: defining criteria for stepped care intervention
Faris, M. M., Dhillon, H. M., Campbell, R., Halkett, G. K. B., Miller, A., Chan, R. J., Haydon, H. M., Sansom‐Daly, U. M., Koh, E., Ownsworth, T., et al. (2024) · JNCI Cancer Spectrum · doi:10.1093/jncics/pkae034 · Cited by 8
“The program aims to facilitate assessment and management of unmet needs in PwBT and to increase uptake of screening in routine practice (15).”
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Ng, C. G., Sulaiman, A. H., Zainal, N. Z., Boks, M. P., & de Wit, N. J. (2013) · The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine · doi:10.2190/pm.45.1.f · Cited by 9
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Detecting and managing psychological distress in women with cancer: an update of recent evidence
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What Is Quality Health Care for Cancer Survivors?
Malin, J. L., Sayers, E., & Jefford, M. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1348-7_2 · Cited by 8
“While little is known about how or when to screen for distress [68] nor how best to intervene – currently available guidelines for the psychosocial care of patients with cancer do not address the posttreatment period [69] – this clearly is an area where attention to improving the process of care is needed in parallel…”
Oswald, A., McBride, K. E., Seif, S., Koh, C., Ansari, N., & Steffens, D. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings · doi:10.1007/s10880-022-09918-0 · Cited by 7
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MethodS3-Leitlinie Diagnostik und Therapie der Plattenepithelkarzinome und Adenokarzinome des Ösophagus
Porschen, R., Fischbach, W., Gockel, I., Hollerbach, S. H., Hölscher, A. H., Jansen, P. L., Miehlke, S., Pech, O., Stahl, M., Vanhoefer, U. J., et al. (2023) · Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie · doi:10.1055/a-1771-7087 · Cited by 7
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“…to help them accurately assess their vulnerability e.g., through mental health instruments such as the highly validated Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) [34], and make practical adjustments accordingly, such as consider the need for pharmacological or psychological interventions.”
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“However, its use is limited to German-speaking patients because to our knowledge, no psychometric information exists on its translation into English [26].”
BackgroundAl-Hussaini, M. A., Abdel‐Razeq, H., Shamieh, O. M., Al-Ani, A. T., Hammouri, M., & Mansour, A. H. (2024) · The Oncologist · doi:10.1093/oncolo/oyae193 · Cited by 10
“84-87 This is mostly due to the fact that the tool is associated with better compliance by patients, shorter time to completion, good correlations with clinical features, and appropriate psychometric settings.”
Calderón, C., Carmona-Bayonas, A., Jara, C., Beato, C., Mediano, M., Cajal, T. R. Y., Soriano, M. C., & Jiménez-Fonseca, P. (2019) · European Journal of Cancer Care · doi:10.1111/ecc.13005 · Cited by 6
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Kuhlman, K. R., Irwin, M. R., Ganz, P. A., Cole, S. W., Manigault, A. W., Crespi, C. M., & Bower, J. E. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.05.019 · Cited by 8
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Second thoughts about implementing routine screening of cancer patients for distress
Coyne, J. C. (2013) · Psycho-Oncologie · doi:10.1007/s11839-013-0437-z · Cited by 7
“A number of reviews have evaluated the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) as providing measures of anxiety and depression symptoms, as a means of screening for anxiety depressive disorders, and as a means of validating the DT as a short measure of distress against the longer one [34,35].”
BackgroundMoving forward by moving back: Re-assessing guidelines for cancer distress screening
Thombs, B. D., & Coyne, J. C. (2013) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2013.05.002 · Cited by 7
“In still other cases [13,14], cutoff scores on these tools have been based on identifying patients with a score above a cutoff on a longer psychological symptom measure, such as the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).”
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Oncology patient preferences for depression care: A discrete choice experiment
Hobden, B., Turon, H., Bryant, J., Wall, L., Brown, S. D., & Sanson‐Fisher, R. (2019) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.5024 · Cited by 7
“Several screening tools have been developed and tested in oncology settings to assist clinical staff in assessing and monitoring depression among patients.(16) Commonly used tools include the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS),(17) the Center for Epidemiological Studies‐ Depression Scale (CES‐D),(18) and the Bri…”
MethodRae, C. S., Tsangaris, E., Klassen, A. F., Breakey, V. R., & D’Agostino, N. M. (2019) · Journal of Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology · doi:10.1089/jayao.2019.0033 · Cited by 7
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Park, H., Kim, K., Moon, E., Lim, H. J., Suh, H., & Kang, T. (2024) · Psychiatry Investigation · doi:10.30773/pi.2023.0285 · Cited by 6
“13,14 The 14-item Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was developed to measure anxiety and depression levels in general hospital patients.”
MethodPredicting psychological distress in advanced ovarian cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic
Rennoldson, M., Baliousis, M., Potter, A., Ashraf, E., & Gajjar, K. B. (2024) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-024-08675-0 · Cited by 6
“The psychometric properties of the HADS has been assessed extensively in cancer populations and been found to have good internal and test re-test reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change [28].”
BackgroundMethodRe-rethinking the article by Thombs and colleagues: Figure 1:
Thombs, B. D., Coyne, J. C., Cuijpers, P. J., de Jonge, P., Gilbody, S. M., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Johnson, B. T., Patten, S. B., Turner, E. H., & Ziegelstein, R. C. (2012) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.112-2024 · Cited by 6
Dental fear and anxiety in Asian youths: response components and inducing stimuli
Yap, A. U., & Lee, D. Z. R. (2022) · Clinical Oral Investigations · doi:10.1007/s00784-022-04555-1 · Cited by 6
“More elaborate instruments for identifying depression and anxiety, like the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21), Beck Depression/Anxiety Inventory (BDI/BAI), and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), can be considered for subsequent studies [40, 41].”
BackgroundYap, A. U., & Lee, D. Z. R. (2023) · CRANIO® · doi:10.1080/08869634.2022.2158259 · Cited by 6
“Validated screening tools for identifying depression and anxiety include the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Beck Depression/Anxiety Inventory (BDI/BAI), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) [6,7].”
(2013) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615378258 · Cited by 6
Psychosocial cancer care There is more to cancer care than medical management.
Manicom, C. (2010) · Cited by 6
The validity of the Distress Thermometer in female partners of men with prostate cancer
Hyde, M. K., Zajdlewicz, L., Lazenby, M., Dunn, J. C., Laurie, K., Lowe, A., & Chambers, S. K. (2018) · European Journal of Cancer Care · doi:10.1111/ecc.12924 · Cited by 6
Hansen, C. H., Walker, J., Thekkumpurath, P., Kleiboer, A. M., Beale, C., Sawhney, A., Murray, G. D., & Sharpe, M. (2013) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291712002930 · Cited by 6
“The HADS is the most extensively studied distress scale in cancer patients and is very widely used as a first stage in screening medical patients for depression (Vodermaier et al. 2009).”
BackgroundLifestyle in Multiple Myeloma - a longitudinal cohort study protocol
Heinrich, M., Fisher, A., Paton, B. M., McCourt, O., Beeken, R. J., Hackshaw, A. K., Wardle, J., & Yong, K. (2016) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2407-x · Cited by 5
“Patients also complete the Hospital and Anxiety and Depressions scale (HADS, [22], widely used to measure emotional distress in cancer patients [23] and report on their sleep patterns using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI, [24].”
MethodScreening for Distress in Patients With Cancer
Schilli, S. M. (2014) · Clinical journal of oncology nursing · doi:10.1188/14.cjon.e103-e106 · Cited by 6
Long-Term Psychological Well-Being: Strategies for Assessment and Intervention
Coscarelli, A., Recklitis, C. J., & Ahmed, K. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1348-7_6 · Cited by 6
“Using the published literature on screening for psychological distress in cancer patients [ 49 , 55] can help identify candidate screening measures, though caution should be exercised in generalizing the application of these same measures to cancer survivors.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialRe-rethinking the article by Thombs and colleagues
Linden, W., & Vodermaier, A. (2012) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.112-2023 · Cited by 5
“reviews reveal the existence of quality tools with greater than 80% sensitivity and greater than 80% specificity where the false-positive rates are in a very acceptable 10%–20% range.(2) Second, screening absorbs valuable resources better spent elsewhere.”
BackgroundAhmad, F. M., & Sajit, D. M. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1398238 · Cited by 5
“While using the four assessments, the Beck’s Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) was utilized as a screening tool for depression and psychosocial factors, known for its wide usage and effectiveness (40).”
Kang, X., Ge, Y., Zhang, X., Yang, T., Xia, Y., Wang, Y., Li, J., Chen, W., Zhang, K., Xiao, Z., et al. (2024) · Neurosurgical Review · doi:10.1007/s10143-024-03169-3 · Cited by 5
Cunningham, S. C., Aizvera, J., Wakim, P., & Felber, L. (2018) · Social Work in Health Care · doi:10.1080/00981389.2018.1437499 · Cited by 5
“…screening instruments among cancer patients results in reductions in emotional distress, increased quality of life, and improved patient–provider communication (Gentilello, Ebel, Wickizer, & Salkever, 2005; Mystakidou et al., 2007; van Scheppingen et al., 2011; Vodermaier et al., 2009).”
BackgroundStafford, L., Flehr, A., Judd, F. K., Lindeman, G. J., Gibson, P., Komiti, A., Mann, G. B., & Kentwell, M. (2019) · Journal of Community Genetics · doi:10.1007/s12687-019-00415-w · Cited by 5
Depression and Cancer (literature review)
Блинков, А. Н. (2020) · V M BEKHTEREV REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY AND MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY · doi:10.31363/2313-7053-2020-2-16-25 · Cited by 6
Maheu, C., Singh, M. D., Tock, W. L., Robert, J., Vodermaier, A., Parkinson, M., & Dolgoy, N. D. (2025) · Current Oncology · doi:10.3390/curroncol32030166 · Cited by 5
“While this scale is not specific to cancer-related anxiety and depression, it has been extensively validated for use in cancer populations, and has been used to detect clinical levels of anxiety and depression and to validate new scales [37].”
Implementing a screening programme for distress in cancer settings: Science and practice
Mitchell, A. J., Waller, A. E., & Carlson, L. E. (2012) · Psicooncología · doi:10.5209/rev_psic.2013.v9.n2-3.40896 · Cited by 5
“As If the Cancer Wasn’t Enough …”
Knopf, K., & Head, B. A. (2012) · Journal of Hospice and Palliative Nursing · doi:10.1097/njh.0b013e3182560da7 · Cited by 5
Mackenzie, L., Carey, M. L., Suzuki, E., Yoshimura, M., Toi, M., D’Este, C. A., & Sanson‐Fisher, R. (2018) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.4736 · Cited by 5
“Ultrashort patient‐report measures are increasingly being examined as an alternative approach for identifying psychological distress, while other settings may rely on clinician judgement alone.(12,13) Akizuki and colleagues assessed the sensitivity and specificity of a single‐item interview, the HADS, and the distress…”
MethodTransforming End-of-Life Care by Implementing a Patient-Centered Care Model
Dobrina, R., Tenze, M., & Palese, A. (2018) · Journal of Hospice and Palliative Nursing · doi:10.1097/njh.0000000000000468 · Cited by 5
Kyranou, M., Varvara, C., Papathanasiou, M., Diakogiannis, I., Zafeiropoulos, K., Apostolidis, M., Papandreou, C., & Syngelakis, M. (2020) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02926-0 · Cited by 5
Eisen, T., Kooijstra, E. M., Groeneweg, R., Verseveld, M., & Hidding, J. T. (2021) · Frontiers in Pain Research · doi:10.3389/fpain.2021.675302 · Cited by 7
Deodhar, J. K., Goswami, S. S., & Sonkusare, L. N. (2022) · Indian Journal of Cancer · doi:10.4103/ijc.ijc_1321_20 · Cited by 7
Chapter 3. Communicating With Cancer Patients and Their Families
Baile, W. F., & Costantini, A. (2013) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615378258.lg03 · Cited by 5
Grassi, L. G. (2013) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615378258.lg12 · Cited by 5
Park, H., Kim, K., Moon, E., Lim, H. J., Suh, H., Kim, K.-E., & Kang, T. (2024) · Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience · doi:10.9758/cpn.23.1147 · Cited by 4
“Although the BDI could be helpful in detecting depresion for breast cancer patients [6,13], a brief assessment tool could be useful when considering medical condition in patients with breast cancer [14,15].”
MethodThe integration of the cancer experience into identity: Perspectives from young adults
Marín‐Chollom, A. M., Beaucant, P., King, C., Pervil, I. Z., Rubin, L. R., & Revenson, T. A. (2024) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/13591053241240932 · Cited by 4
“0.8, for cancer populations (Vodermaier et al., 2009).”
InfluentialMoore, M. R., Davis, C., Cadet, T. J., Harralson, T. L., & Dietzen, L. L. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18147600 · Cited by 4
“Similar values have been found in other studies as well [26].”
ResultScreening for Distress in Breast Cancer
Mitchell, A. J. (2014) · Current Breast Cancer Reports · doi:10.1007/s12609-014-0157-9 · Cited by 4
Landa-Ramírez, É., Cárdenas‐López, G., Greer, J. A., Sánchez-Román, S., & Riveros-Rosas, A. (2014) · Salud Mental · doi:10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2014.049 · Cited by 4
Integrated psychosocial and supportive care needed for patients with pancreatic cancer
Gooden, H. M., Tiller, K., Mumford, J., & White, K. (2016) · Cancer Forum · Cited by 4
The Role of Emotions in Palliative Care
Limonero, J. T., Reverte, M. A. L., Gómez-Romero, M. J., & Gil, F. (2018) · Palliative Medicine and Hospice Care - Open Journal · doi:10.17140/pmhcoj-4-127 · Cited by 4
Papanikolaou, E., McKinney, C. H., & Hannibal, N. (2020) · Music and Medicine · doi:10.47513/mmd.v12i3.670 · Cited by 4
van den Berg, J. P. (2012) · Bijblijven · doi:10.1007/s12414-012-0047-x · Cited by 4
Chou, Y.-H., Yeh, M., Huang, T., & Hsu, H. (2021) · Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.apjon.2021.11.002 · Cited by 4
Huizinga, F., Westerink, N.-D. L., Berendsen, A. J., Walenkamp, A., Greef, M. H. G. D., de Bock, G. H., Berger, M. Y., & Brandenbarg, D. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060098 · Cited by 4
Holthuijsen, D. D. B., van Roekel, E. H., Bours, M. J. L., Ueland, P. M., Breukink, S. O., Janssen-Heijnen, M. L. G., Keulen, E. T. P., Gigic, B., Gsur, A., Meyer, K., et al. (2024) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.106981 · Cited by 4
“The HADS has been demonstrated to have adequate psychometric properties in cancer patients (Vodermaier, Linden and Siu, 2009).”
Deza, E. G. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-62446-9_6 · Cited by 4
Ledesma, D. A., Takahashi, M., & Kai, I. (2010) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.1804 · Cited by 4
“The CES-D scale is known to have adequate psychometric properties as a screening tool for cancer patients [19], and the use of the MSPSS and BSSS in samples of cancer patients has been validated [17,20].”
MethodDemoralisation in Cancer Patients: The Association with Distress, Depression and Positive Emotion
Thong, K. S. (2021) · Medicine & health · doi:10.17576/mh.2021.1601.10 · Cited by 4
Jordan, A. E., Malhotra, S., Maree, R. D., Schenker, Y., Arnold, R. M., & Reynolds, C. F. (2015) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000069 · Cited by 4
Borean, M., Shani, K., Brown, M. C., Chen, J., Liang, M., Karkada, J., Kooner, S., Doherty, M. K., O'Kane, G. M., Jang, R. W.-J., et al. (2018) · Health Science Reports · doi:10.1002/hsr2.48 · Cited by 4
“One method is to implement short symptom screener tools, followed by more comprehensive questions if the patient elicits a positive screen result; this may maximize symptom reporting while reducing clinic burden on both patients and clinicians.(19-21) Symptom screening may also have merits in the context of prospectiv…”
MethodCalderón, J., Cristóbal Camplá, C., D'aguzan, N., Barraza, S., Padilla, O., Sanchez, C. G., Palma, S., & González, M. (2016) · ecancermedicalscience · doi:10.3332/ecancer.2014.437 · Cited by 4
“In a recent systematic review of screening instruments for ED [25], the cut-off point to identify ED in a clinically relevant manner was of 4 or 5, depending on the validation measures used.”
MethodBlunt, J., & Trigg, J. L. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.08.06.23293728 · Cited by 4
Egeler, M., Klobuch, S., Tak, W. S., Rohaan, M. W., Borch, T. H., Noringriis, I. M., Tissier, R., Lucas, M. W., van Houdt, W. J., van Akkooi, A. C. J., et al. (2025) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2025.115640 · Cited by 3
Ku, M., Gates, P., & Renehan, S. (2021) · Internal Medicine Journal · doi:10.1111/imj.15204 · Cited by 3
Jensen, O. J., Øvlisen, A., Jakobsen, L., Roug, A., Nielsen, R., Marcher, C., Ebbesen, L., Theilgaard-Mönch, K., Møller, P., Schöllkopf, C., et al. (2022) · Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.2147/clep.s336115 · Cited by 2
“Further research is required to identify the true incidence of depression and anxiety in AML and MDS patients using validated screening tools, such as the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) by which also mild depression and anxiety may…”
MethodS3-Leitlinie Diagnostik und Therapie der Plattenepithelkarzinome und Adenokarzinome des Ösophagus
Porschen, R., Fischbach, W., Gockel, I., Hollerbach, S. H., Hölscher, A. H., Jansen, P. L., Miehlke, S., Pech, O., Stahl, M., Vanhoefer, U. J., et al. (2023) · Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie · doi:10.1055/a-1771-6953 · Cited by 4
Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on breast cancer patients
Farewell, J. T., Perez, K., Henderson, S. P., Crook, J. L., Hunter, M., & Zhang, A. Y. (2023) · Journal of Plastic Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2023.06.025 · Cited by 3
Zhong, J., Zhang, Z., Zhao, Z., Peng, L., Zhang, Y., Zhang, B., Zhai, X., & Wu, Y. (2024) · Pediatric Blood & Cancer · doi:10.1002/pbc.31198 · Cited by 3
Barriers to cancer rehabilitation: healthcare professionals’ perspective in Saudi Arabia
AlJohi, A. A., AlKathiri, F. M., Ajaj, K. F., Buragadda, S., & Madi, S. (2019) · Physikalische Medizin Rehabilitationsmedizin Kurortmedizin · doi:10.1055/a-0901-1252 · Cited by 3
“The evidence in favour of cancer rehabilitation is growing and studies in general cancer populations have demonstrated that it is beneficial in the management of cancer-related fatigue [11], psychological distress [12], and pain [13, 14].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Vodermaier, A., Linden, W., & Siu, C.
- Affiliations
- BC Cancer Agency (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Vodermaier, A.
- Venue
- JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2009-10-13
- Volume
- 101
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 1464-1488
- ISSN
- 0027-8874 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2105
- PMC
- PMC3298956
- OpenAlex
- W1996766132
- Cited by
- 541
- References
- 160
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 52 · 2012: 48
- FWCI
- 2.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (#AQC83559)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Childhood Cancer Survivors' Quality of Life
- Keywords
- emotional distress screening, cancer patients, psychometric properties, depression screening, anxiety screening, screening tool, scale validation, CES-D, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Rotterdam Symptom Checklist, palliative care, sensitivity and specificity
- MeSH terms
- Adjustment Disorders, Anxiety Disorders, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Humans, Mass Screening, Neoplasms, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Stress, Psychological, Reproducibility of Results, Dysthymic Disorder
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