The DOI matches its Crossref record; 132 of the 132 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 1 of the 39 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance
Abstract
Collaborative governance draws from diverse realms of practice and research in public administration. This article synthesizes and extends a suite of conceptual frameworks, research findings, and practice-based knowledge into an integrative framework for collaborative governance. The framework specifies a set of nested dimensions that encompass a larger system context, a collaborative governance regime, and its internal collaborative dynamics and actions that can generate impacts and adaptations across the systems. The framework provides a broad conceptual map for situating and exploring components of cross-boundary governance systems that range from policy or programbased intergovernmental cooperation to place-based regional collaboration with nongovernmental stakeholders to public-private partnerships. The framework integrates knowledge about individual incentives and barriers to collection action, collaborative social learning and conflict resolution processes, and institutional arrangements for cross-boundary collaboration. It is presented as a general framework that might be applied to analyses at different scales, in different policy arenas, and varying levels of complexity. The article also offers 10 propositions about the dynamic interactions among components within the framework and concludes with a discussion about the implications of the framework for theory, research, evaluation, and practice.
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Claims the paper makes
65 Own interpretation · 10 No full text of the sources · 7 Not checked yet · 4 Sources not found · 2 Own result · 1 Partly supported · 1 No basis given
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The final driver, uncertainty, is a primary challenge for managing ''wicked'' societal problems (Koppenjan and Klijn 2004;Rittel and Webber 1973).”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > Drivers
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Koppenjan and Klijn 2004
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Supportedcites Rittel and Webber 1973 source
Section 1 says wicked problems cannot be definitively formulated because the information needed depends on the proposed solution. Section 4 adds that their full consequences cannot be assessed in advance. Together, these passages support uncertainty as a central challenge in addressing wicked societal problems. (LLM, conf=0.86)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Not matched
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In the paper
“Another common challenge we encountered with these frameworks is a lack of generalizability, that is, their inapplicability across different settings, sectors, geographic and temporal scales, policy arenas, and process mechanisms.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > AN INTEGRATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Proposition One: One or more of the drivers of leadership, consequential incentives, interdependence, or uncertainty are necessary for a CGR to begin.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > Drivers
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Interdependence, or when individuals and organizations are unable to accomplish something on their own, is a broadly recognized precondition for collaborative action (Gray 1989;Thomson and Perry 2006).”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > Drivers
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Gray 1989
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Thomson and Perry 2006 source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Collective uncertainty about how to manage societal problems is also related to the driver of interdependence.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > Drivers
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Uncertainty that cannot be resolved internally can drive groups to collaborate in order to reduce, diffuse, and share risk.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > Drivers
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This external system context creates opportunities and constraints and influences the general parameters within which a CGR unfolds.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > General System Context
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nevertheless, such incentives (positive or negative) must exist to induce leaders and participants to engage together.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > Drivers
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The more drivers present and recognized by participants, the more likely a CGR will be initiated.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > Drivers
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“In contrast, and consistent with Ansell and Gash (2008) and Thomson and Perry (2006), we view the stages within collaborative dynamics as cyclical or iterative interactions.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > Collaborative Dynamics
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Probably not a substantial claim. 47
- It may state two separate claims as one. 18
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In comparing these frameworks, we found expected overlap and considerable variation.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > AN INTEGRATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This system context generates opportunities and constraints and influences the dynamics of the collaboration at the outset and over time.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > AN INTEGRATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In contrast, our framework separates the contextual variables from essential drivers, without which the impetus for collaboration would not successfully unfold.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > Drivers
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Finally, it can also be applied to or used to inform participatory governance and civic engagement, although we recognize that the extent of involvement by citizens and the public in collaborative governance can vary considerably.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DEFINING COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE: SCOPE AND ORIGINS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The form and direction of the CGR is shaped initially by the drivers that emerge from the system context; however, the development of the CGR, as well as the degree to which it is effective, is influenced over time by its two components: collaborative dynamics and collaborative actions.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > Collaborative Governance Regime
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Unlike the Ansell and Gash definition, our definition does not limit collaborative governance to only formal, state-initiated arrangements, and to engagement between government and nongovernmental stakeholders.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DEFINING COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE: SCOPE AND ORIGINS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Ansell and Gash 2008 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The system context is represented in this framework, not as a set of starting conditions but as a surrounding three-dimensional space because external conditions (e.g., an election, economic downturn, extreme weather event, or newly enacted regulation) may influence the dynamics and performance of collaboration not only at the outset but at any time during the life of the CGR, thus opening up new”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > General System Context
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These drivers include leadership, consequential incentives, interdependence, and uncertainty.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > Drivers
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The three components of collaborative dynamics work together in an interactive and iterative way to produce collaborative actions or the steps taken in order to implement the shared purpose of the CGR.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > AN INTEGRATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Collaborative dynamics, represented by the innermost box with dotted lines, consist of three interactive components: principled engagement, shared motivation, and capacity for joint action.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > AN INTEGRATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Through principled engagement, people with differing content, relational, and identity goals work across their respective institutional, sectoral, or jurisdictional boundaries to solve problems, resolve conflicts, or create value (Cahn 1994;Cupach and Canary 1997;Lulofs and Cahn 2000).”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > Principled Engagement
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Cahn 1994
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Cupach and Canary 1997
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Lulofs and Cahn 2000
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“From this system context emerge drivers, including leadership, consequential incentives, interdependence, and uncertainty, which help initiate and set the direction for a CGR.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > AN INTEGRATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These dynamics and the actions they produce over time constitute a CGR.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > Collaborative Dynamics
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“our definition of collaborative governance is broader than what is commonly seen in the literature”
- Also stated in: § DEFINING COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE: SCOPE AND ORIGINS · plain
“Thus, it is broader than the definition proposed by Ansell and Gash (2008, 544)”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Ansell and Gash 2008 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
- Also stated in: § DEFINING COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE: SCOPE AND ORIGINS · plain
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Essential drivers energize or induce the convening of participants by reducing the initial formative costs of collective action and setting the collaborative dynamics in motion.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > Collaborative Dynamics
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The form and direction of the CGR is shaped initially by the drivers that emerge from the system context; however, the development of the CGR, as well as the degree to which it is effective, is influenced over time by its two components: collaborative dynamics and collaborative actions.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > Collaborative Governance Regime
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The variations stem, in part, from the different research traditions, policy arenas, and scales in which these scholars work.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > AN INTEGRATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There can also be individual uncertainty about the extent to which conventional avenues for solutions or satisfaction (sometimes referred to as the Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement in conflict management literature) can be relied on to produce the intended result.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > Drivers
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Together, collaborative dynamics and actions shape the overall quality and extent to which a CGR is developed and effective.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > AN INTEGRATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The actions of the CGR can lead to outcomes both within and external to the regime; thus, in the figure, arrows extend from the action box to demonstrate impacts (i.e., the results on the ground) and potential adaptation (the transformation of a complex situation or issue) both within the system context and the CGR itself.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > AN INTEGRATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“For example, our definition encompasses ''multipartner governance,'' which can include partnerships among the state, the private sector, civil society, and the community, as well as joined-up government and hybrid arrangements such as public-private and private-social partnerships and co-management regimes (Agrawal and Lemos 2007).”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DEFINING COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE: SCOPE AND ORIGINS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Agrawal and Lemos 2007 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For example, the drivers identified in the framework explain why collaboration might emerge but do not yet explain how specific drivers might affect the nature of the CGR differently or if and how the drivers continue to sustain the CGR as it evolves over time.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In terms of practice, the framework offers public managers and collaboration and conflict resolution practitioners a conceptual map by which to navigate the various dimensions, components, and elements of collaborative governance.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Finally, understanding that a CGR is likely, if not expected, to adapt over time further enables the development of innovative learning systems for government and reflective practice (Argyris and Schon 1974;Schon 1971).”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Argyris and Schon 1974
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Schon 1971
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regime is influenced by surrounding conditions and initiated by specific drivers, and the regime produces impacts affecting those surrounding conditions, as well as the regime itself and its collaborative dynamics.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At the most basic level, the generic nature of the framework should enable comparative analyses of CGRs across different system contexts and policy arenas.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“For example, table 1 suggests a way in which to view the integrative framework as a logic model that can be used to test intermediate outputs (actions) and end outcomes (impacts and adaptation) and become the basis for case evaluation and performance evaluation for program management (Thomas and Koontz, 2011).”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Thomas and Koontz, 2011 source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Inclusion and diversity are valued not only as normative organizing principles but also for instrumental reasons-they give voice to multiple perspectives and different interests, allowing the development of more thoughtful decisions that take a broader view of who will benefit or be harmed by an action (Beierle and Cayford 2002;Sirianni 2009).”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > Principled Engagement
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Beierle and Cayford 2002
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Sirianni 2009
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Second, the framework specifies the components of the CGR in a way that integrates a range of factors identified in research into an operational system and suggests some general and very specific causal linkages.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“First, it examines collaborative governance broadly and treats it as an emergent system, a new kind of regime for cross-boundary governance.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Through this iterative process, collaboration partners develop a shared sense of purpose and a shared theory of action for achieving that purpose.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > Principled Engagement
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In doing so, it encompasses a wider range of collaborative initiatives than other definitions and extends beyond the typical focus on the public sector and the public manager to include the myriad of collaboratives initiated in the public, private, and civic sectors.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There can be little argument that the notion of collaborative governance is attracting considerable attention as a new paradigm in public administration.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION · plain
“It is the subject of a growing number of books, articles, and monographs.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The study of collaborative governance lacks conceptual clarity and consistency, notwithstanding the term's popularity in research and claims of its widespread practical use.
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION · plain
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Proposition Two: Principled engagement is generated and sustained by the interactive processes of discovery, definition, deliberation, and determination.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION · plain
“We posit that the principled engagement is generated and sustained by these four elements”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > Principled Engagement
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION · plain
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, without at least one or some combination of the other drivers (consequential incentives, interdependence, and/or uncertainty), a CGR is unlikely to continue.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Working to articulate the targeted outcomes and coproduce a shared theory of action to affect those outcomes and the criteria by which to assess effective outcomes can enable participants to sharpen their sights and their pencils.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Moreover, collaborative governance demands and cultivates multiple opportunities and roles for leadership (Agranoff and McGuire 2003;Bryson, Crosby, and Stone 2006).”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > Capacity for Joint Action
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Agranoff and McGuire 2003
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Bryson, Crosby, and Stone 2006 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We propose that one or more of these four drivers must be present to start a CGR and that the presence of more drivers increases the likelihood that such a regime will be initiated (Proposition 1).”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The four drivers—leadership, consequential incentives, interdependence, and uncertainty—are the relevant drivers that generate energy for initiating a collaborative governance regime.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Moreover, we believe that the integrative framework can be applied usefully at different scales, in diverse policy arenas, and various levels of complexity.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The depth of the framework, from the dimensions to individual elements, lends itself to thick description in individual or comparative case studies.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Drawing attention to the elements within principled engagement, shared motivation, and the capacity for joint action can stimulate a shared perspective on needed strategic directions and on progress made to date.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Our preliminary thought on this is that leadership is an essential driver, without which collaborative regimes would not be initiated.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Moreover, although the framework encompasses many interactive components and elements, we do not mean to suggest that all are necessary all the time or at the same level of quality or to the same extent.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The set of drivers provide useful considerations for deciding whether and when to invest in a CGR.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Finally, the framework goes beyond others in distinguishing actions from impacts and tracing the potential for adaptation of the system context and the CGR itself.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“It should be noted that increasing diversity in participation may have undesired consequences as well.In some situations, more diversity can generate higher levels of conflict and erode principled engagement, whereas in other situations, less diversity can lead to different, though not necessarily inferior actions and accomplishments (Korfmacher 2000;Schlager and Blomquist 2008;Steelman and Carmin”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > Principled Engagement
What the sources say
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Third, the framework also situates the CGR in the broader context with which it interacts.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The breadth of the framework enables efforts to gather more consistent data on a range of indicators from a large set of cases to test the propositions or specific hypotheses relating to the components, their elements, and their interactions.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nevertheless, the framework itself improves upon existing frameworks for collaborative governance in several ways.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The propositions derived from the framework begin to build a general predictive theory for collaborative governance through an instrumental systems approach, as opposed to a prescriptive theory based on normative assumptions.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although several frameworks acknowledge the iterative and dynamic nature of collaboration, this framework more explicitly builds that vibrant nature into its construction.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Making the collaborative dynamics dimension explicit with participants at the outset can assist with the codesign of the most effective and appropriate CGR.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Power can also be viewed as a resource and, like other resources, is almost always distributed unevenly across participants (Bryson, Crosby, and Stone 2006;Huxham and Vangen 2005).”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > Capacity for Joint Action
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Bryson, Crosby, and Stone 2006 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Huxham and Vangen 2005
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The definition of collaborative governance in the public administration literature remains amorphous and its use inconsistent.
“Collaborative governance has become a common term in the public administration literature, yet its definition remains amorphous and its use inconsistent.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The variation in the scope and scale of perspectives on collaborative governance restricts researchers' ability to develop and test theory.
“Moreover, the variation in the scope and scale of perspectives on collaborative governance restricts the ability of researchers to further develop and test theory.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The four drivers—leadership, consequential incentives, interdependence, and uncertainty—are the relevant drivers that generate energy for initiating a collaborative governance regime.
“Emerging from this system context are drivers, including leadership, consequential incentives, interdependence, and uncertainty.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Shared motivation consists of four elements: mutual trust, understanding, internal legitimacy, and commitment.
“We define shared motivation as a self-reinforcing cycle consisting of four elements: mutual trust, understanding, internal legitimacy, and commitment.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Capacity for joint action consists of four necessary elements: procedural and institutional arrangements, leadership, knowledge, and resources.
“In our framework, capacity for joint action is conceptualized as the combination of four necessary elements: procedural and institutional arrangements, leadership, knowledge, and resources.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Cross-boundary engagement must generate returns for partners to justify their continued involvement to their own organizations and constituents.
“because cross-boundary engagement must generate ''returns'' for partners to justify their continued involvement to their own organizations and constituents.”
The paper relies on this without support.
If needed changes are not made, the low costs of exiting the regime will lead to low participation or departure.
“If needed changes are not made, the low costs of exiting the regime will lead to low participation or departure.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The purpose of collaboration is to generate desired outcomes together that could not be accomplished separately.
“The purpose of collaboration is to generate desired outcomes together that could not be accomplished separately.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The study of collaborative governance lacks conceptual clarity and consistency, notwithstanding the term's popularity in research and claims of its widespread practical use.
“Despite the popularity of the term in research, and claims of its wide-spread use in practice, the study of collaborative governance continues to suffer from a lack of conceptual clarity and consistency.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Indeed, institutional mechanisms need to be calibrated to facilitate appropriate and accountable collaborative governance of public, civic, and private entities connected through algorithmic decision-making (cf.Emerson, Nabatchi and Balogh 2012).”
From Legitimacy of Algorithmic Decision-Making: Six Threats and the Need for a Calibrated Institutional Response (2022) · cites this paper as Emerson, Nabatchi and Balogh 2012
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“ICT remains peripheral in foundational collaborative governance frameworks despite its potential, revealing a critical conceptual gap in understanding its role.”
From Redefining Collaborative Governance in the Digital Age: insights from an integrative systematic review on the role of ICT in collaboration (2025) · cites this paper as Emerson et al. (2012)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Mainstream collaborative governance literature places significant emphasis on face-to-face communication as the foundation of trust-building and collaboration.”
From Redefining Collaborative Governance in the Digital Age: insights from an integrative systematic review on the role of ICT in collaboration (2025) · cites this paper as Emerson et al. (2012)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In their model, ICT is a contextual influence and not part of the inner workings of collaboration.”
From Redefining Collaborative Governance in the Digital Age: insights from an integrative systematic review on the role of ICT in collaboration (2025) · cites this paper as Emerson et al. (2012)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Trust among participants is a core element of successful governance arrangement (Emerson et al., 2012).”
From Redefining Collaborative Governance in the Digital Age: insights from an integrative systematic review on the role of ICT in collaboration (2025) · cites this paper as Emerson et al., 2012
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Bjørkquist, C., & Fineide, M. J. (2019) · doi:10.23865/noasp.66.ch0 · Cited by 4
Mediating Effect of Joint Action on Governing Complex Public Contracting
Xu, Q., Jia, G., Hu, Y., & Xiong, W. (2022) · Public Performance & Management Review · doi:10.1080/15309576.2022.2040035 · Cited by 4
Kirk, N. (2017) · Case Studies in the Environment · doi:10.1525/cse.2017.000513 · Cited by 4
Aristovnik, A. (2023) · ADMINISTRATIE SI MANAGEMENT PUBLIC · doi:10.24818/amp/2023.41-01 · Cited by 4
Impacts of Smart Governance on Urban Development
Vitálišová, K., Vaňová, A., Ivan, A., Hačková, I., & Borseková, K. (2023) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-37120-2_35 · Cited by 4
Proses Collaborative Governance dalam Penanganan Banjir di Kota Semarang City
Hidayatullah, M. A., Purnaweni, H., & Yuwono, T. (2023) · Jurnal Pemerintahan dan Politik · doi:10.36982/jpg.v8i4.3472 · Cited by 4
Developing places for human capabilities
Janssen, C. (2024) · Architecture and the Built Environment · doi:10.59490/abe.2024.01.7362 · Cited by 4
MODEL COLLABORATIVE DALAM PENANGGULANGAN GELANDANGAN DAN PENGEMIS DI KABUPATEN GARUT
Yagus Triana, H. S., & Kristian, I. (2021) · Jurnal Abdimas Peradaban · doi:10.54783/dialektika.v19i3.18 · Cited by 4
Does Service Category Matter for Cross-Sectoral Collaboration?
AbouAssi, K., Chen, T., Grossman, K. L., & Johnston, J. M. (2023) · VOLUNTAS International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations · doi:10.1007/s11266-023-00626-3 · Cited by 4
“Several established frameworks (Emerson, et al., 2012; Ansell & Gash, 2008) explore cross-sector collaboration.”
Tavares, P. V., & Romão, A. L. D. S. (2021) · Brazilian Journal of Development · doi:10.34117/bjdv7n3-191 · Cited by 4
The Role of Social Trust in Governing the Sharing Economy for Poverty Reduction
Chutima, V., Piboonrungroj, P., Chinnakum, W., et al. (2021) · Economics, law, and institutions in Asia Pacific · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-1107-0_2 · Cited by 4
Alfiandri, A., Prasojo, E., Salomo, R. V., & Wicaksono, A. (2024) · Danube · doi:10.2478/danb-2024-0010 · Cited by 6
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A diagnostic framework to assess the governance of the São Francisco River Basin Committee, Brazil
Bouckaert, F. W., Vasconcelos, V. V., Wei, Y., et al. (2020) · World Water Policy · doi:10.1002/wwp2.12022 · Cited by 4
Adaptation through knowledge coexistence: insights for environmental and sea lamprey stewardship
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“The importance of proper funding is highlighted throughout the literature (Bodin 2017; Emerson et al. 2012; von der Porten, de Loë, and Plummer 2015).”
BackgroundTata Kelola Kolaboratif Pengembangan Pariwisata Likupang Kabupaten Minahasa Utara
Patadjenu, S., Silitonga, M. S., & Asropi, A. (2023) · Jurnal Abdimas Pariwisata · doi:10.36276/jap.v4i2.448 · Cited by 4
“Komunikasi Emerson et al. (2012) secara luas mendefinisikan collaborative governance sebagai proses dan struktur untuk pengambilan keputusan dan manajemen kebijakan publik yang secara aktif melibatkan orang-orang, melintasi batas-batas lembaga publik, tingkat pemerintahan, dan/atau sektor publik,…”
BackgroundInfluentialExploring contextual influences in collaboration: A sensemaking perspective
Yuan, Z., Wang, X., Li, J., & Xu, J. (2025) · Policy Studies Journal · doi:10.1111/psj.12586 · Cited by 4
“More specifically, such an integration could happen in several key phases of collaborative dynamics in which collaborators identify and maintain shared interests through principled engagements for a joint capacity needed for the collaboration to happen and sustain (Emerson et al., 2012).”
InfluentialWang, W., & Gong, H. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191711081 · Cited by 7
“Leaders can act as initiators of collaborative governance, introduce other actors into the collaborative network [56], and provide resource support or policy support for the operation of the collaborative network [32].”
BackgroundBland, J. T. (2017) · Public Organization Review · doi:10.1007/s11115-017-0389-z · Cited by 4
Damanik, M. O., & Rahayu, A. Y. S. (2021) · Publikauma Jurnal Administrasi Publik Universitas Medan Area · doi:10.31289/publika.v9i2.5922 · Cited by 4
Evaluating Ghana’s Youth-Centered Food-Security Policies: A Collaborative Governance Approach
Boadu, E. S. (2024) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su16093830 · Cited by 5
Policy Energy and Public Management Networks
McGuire, M., & Fyall, R. (2014) · Complexity Governance & Networks · doi:10.7564/14-cgn6 · Cited by 4
Collaborative Governance for Sustainable Development
Lima, V. (2020) · Encyclopedia of the UN sustainable development goals · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-71066-2_2-1 · Cited by 4
Hedelin, B., Alkan-Olsson, J., & GREENBERG, L. A. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su15064980 · Cited by 4
Ming’ate, F. L. M., Letema, S. C., & Obiero, K. (2019) · Journal of Scientific Research and Reports · doi:10.9734/jsrr/2019/v25i430191 · Cited by 4
“This mode of governance brings multiple stakeholders together in common forums with public agencies to engage in consensus-oriented decision making [2,3,4,5,6].”
BackgroundRaschendorfer, É., & Figueira, A. R. (2024) · Administration & Society · doi:10.1177/00953997241263094 · Cited by 4
“The Emerson et al. (2012) model presents relational aspects of governance, highlighting cross-sectoral (transboundary) relationships, the role of actors, and the associated dynamics.”
InfluentialSocial Learning for Policy Design: A Bibliometric Analysis
Peña-Campello, L., Espín-Gallardo, E., Sánchez, M. J. L., & Sánchez, M. (2024) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci13100504 · Cited by 6
The path ahead for integrative public leadership: a systematic review and call for future research
de Souza, M. G. S., Oriol, E. D. C., & Avellaneda, C. (2024) · International Journal of Public Leadership · doi:10.1108/ijpl-04-2024-0044 · Cited by 4
Giros conceptuales sobre participación social de la adolescencia
Càmara, A. M. N., & Berñe, A. L. (2024) · Pedagogia Social Revista Interuniversitaria · doi:10.7179/psri_2024.44.01 · Cited by 4
Cook, J. J. (2018) · Public Administration Quarterly · doi:10.1177/073491491804200402 · Cited by 4
Designing Guidelines for Smart City Collaboration Tools
van Twist, A., Melenhorst, M., Veenstra, M., et al. (2022) · Proceedings of the ... Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences/Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences · doi:10.24251/hicss.2022.334 · Cited by 4
“In this strand of literature [17, 18, 19, 20] the following collaborative governance components are identified: (1) system (e.g. rules and regulation, antecedents such as prehistory of conflict and cooperation, existing relationships or networks, resource scarcity and interdependency), (2) process…”
Policy fit: lessons from ocean governance in Australia
Fullbrook, L., & Vince, J. (2026) · Policy Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11077-026-09602-2 · Cited by 5
Saputra, N., Putera, R. E., Zetra, A., & Azwar, A. (2026) · Frontiers in Sustainability · doi:10.3389/frsus.2026.1812663 · Cited by 8
Community Crisis Management: The Case of Broward County’s HIV/AIDS Collaboration Without Hierarchy
Taylor, L., & Agbodzakey, J. K. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_739-1 · Cited by 4
Wang, Y., Lv, H., & Chen, X. (2025) · Chinese Public Administration Review · doi:10.1177/15396754251358459 · Cited by 4
“By fostering multistakeholder participation, open dialog, resource sharing, and consensus-based decision-making (Emerson et al., 2012; O’Leary & Bingham, 2009), collaborative governance enhances the quality and effectiveness of public policies.”
Minnes, S. (2019) · Canadian Water Resources Journal / Revue canadienne des ressources hydriques · doi:10.1080/07011784.2019.1661791 · Cited by 4
Modelling Co-creation Ecosystem for Public Open Spaces
Skaržauskienė, A., Mačiulienė, M., & Ivanova-Radovanova, P. (2019) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-13417-4_21 · Cited by 4
Hacia un modelo de Metagobernanza para Gipuzkoa: El caso de Etorkizuna Eraikiz
Barandiarán, X. (2018) · European Public & Social Innovation Review · doi:10.31637/epsir.18-1.1 · Cited by 4
Collaborative Management in Norwegian Municipalities: Do Middle Managers Make a Difference?
Haug, A. V. (2022) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Administration · doi:10.58235/sjpa.v26i2.7024 · Cited by 4
Viana, L. B. F. (2025) · Technium Social Sciences Journal · doi:10.47577/tssj.v67i1.12358 · Cited by 5
It's Not Just Who You Know, but Can You Tell a Story? The Role of Narratives in Network Governance
Bixler, R. P. (2014) · Public Administration Review · doi:10.1111/puar.12188 · Cited by 4
The Inner Functioning of Local Governance Networks in Centralized Countries: A ‘Brave New World’?
Silva, P., Mota, L. F., Carneiro, R., et al. (2023) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci12050289 · Cited by 4
Rupita, R., Yulianti, Y., Gaffar, Z. H., et al. (2021) · Bureaucracy Journal Indonesia Journal of Law and Social-Political Governance · doi:10.53363/bureau.v1i3.8 · Cited by 4
Steelman, T. A., & Nowell, B. L. (2025) · International Journal of Wildland Fire · doi:10.1071/wf25013 · Cited by 4
Wang, Q., & Mao, C. (2024) · Water · doi:10.3390/w16223166 · Cited by 4
“Meanwhile, strategies for watershed ecosystem governance have been proposed by Ostrom, who summarized eight principles of public resource system design [5], and others, who have put forward a collaborative governance model, representing a revelation of collaborative governance of watersheds [6,7].”
Xie, B., Ye, L., & Shao, Z. (2018) · Public Money & Management · doi:10.1080/09540962.2018.1486627 · Cited by 4
“…public policy decision-making and management that engage people constructively across the boundaries of public agencies, levels of government, and/or the public, private and civic spheres in order to carry out a public purpose that could not otherwise be accomplished’ (Emerson et al., 2011, p. 2).”
BackgroundComfort, L., Oh, N., Ertan, G., & Haase, T. W. (2013) · IEEE Network Science Workshop · doi:10.1109/nsw.2013.6609193 · Cited by 3
“In practice, both federal and local perspectives are essential for managing risk in sustainable ways.”
BackgroundAlhassan, A. Y. (2024) · International Journal of Politics Culture and Society · doi:10.1007/s10767-024-09488-z · Cited by 4
“Research has shown that actors with varying levels of power and resources collaborate, negotiate, and sometimes compete in policy-making processes (Ansell & Gash, 2008; Emerson et al., 2012).”
Hertting, N., & Hellquist, A. (2024) · European Planning Studies · doi:10.1080/09654313.2024.2439561 · Cited by 4
“The ‘functional participatory planning mechanism’ enhances the position of marginalized groups through pragmatist and experimental ‘collaborative governance’ (Ansell and Gash 2008; Emerson, Nabatchi, and Balogh 2012).”
Collaborative Governance in Desertification Control in China: A Case Study of Hobq Desert
He, W., & Yue, X. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su15031979 · Cited by 4
Jamming with implementation research
Sher‐Hadar, N. (2020) · Critical Policy Studies · doi:10.1080/19460171.2020.1817762 · Cited by 4
Qu, Y., Tian, H., & Chen, H. (2022) · Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society · doi:10.1155/2022/4875099 · Cited by 4
“According to the different stages of the life cycle, the law of online public opinion has been extensively studied, such as early warning mechanism [24], evolution mechanism [25], coupling mechanism [26], collaborative governance mechanism [27], emergency mechanism [28], and so on.”
BackgroundSituating Cyberinfrastructure in the Public Realm
Knepper, R., & Chen, Y. (2016) · doi:10.1145/2912160.2912209 · Cited by 4
“Many networks with a high level of success exhibit mutual trust between participants, and in the management organization[3, 14].”
BackgroundInfluentialHow Does the Local Knowledge of Scientists Influence Their Impact on Governance Performance?
Yang, L. (2021) · Science and Public Policy · doi:10.1093/scipol/scab002 · Cited by 4
Gaps in the structuring of organizations in the graduate employment context in Uganda
Ntale, P. D., Ssempebwa, J., Musisi, B., et al. (2020) · Journal of Organization Design · doi:10.1186/s41469-020-0066-5 · Cited by 4
Policy-taking styles: a typology and an empirical application to anti-Covid policies
Giuliani, M. (2023) · Journal of European Public Policy · doi:10.1080/13501763.2023.2188891 · Cited by 4
Harmawan, B. N., Muttaqin, M. Z., & Manggalou, S. (2022) · DIA Jurnal Ilmiah Administrasi Publik · doi:10.30996/dia.v20i01.6044 · Cited by 4
Collaborative Governance: An International Bilbiometric Study of the Last Decade
Bartz, C. R. F., Baggio, D. K., Ãvila, L. V., et al. (2021) · Public Organization Review · doi:10.1007/s11115-020-00503-3 · Cited by 4
Wouters, S., Lember, V., & Crompvoets, J. (2021) · dms – der moderne staat – Zeitschrift für Public Policy Recht und Management · doi:10.3224/dms.v14i1.06 · Cited by 6
Ploegmakers, H., & Lagendijk, A. (2024) · Journal of Transport Geography · doi:10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.103800 · Cited by 4
How exclusion structures policy conflict in collaborative governance
Boon, J., & Wolf, E. E. A. (2025) · Policy Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11077-025-09581-w · Cited by 4
“Pragmatically, it integrates diverse perspectives, enhancing decision quality and stakeholder support (Ansell et al., 2020; Emerson et al., 2012).”
InfluentialVerschoore, J. R. (2020) · REAd Revista Eletrônica de Administração (Porto Alegre) · doi:10.1590/1413-2311.283.103388 · Cited by 4
Tverrprofesjonelt samarbeid i ulike styringskontekster – hverdagsrehabilitering som eksempel
Vabø, M. (2019) · doi:10.23865/noasp.66.ch3 · Cited by 6
Tverrfaglige team – hvordan lykkes?
Ramsdal, H. (2019) · doi:10.23865/noasp.66.ch4 · Cited by 3
Governance Model for Inclusive Tourism Village Development in Klungkung Regency
Sumetri, N. W., Astawa, I. P., Wahyuni, L. M., et al. (2022) · Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research/Advances in social science, education and humanities research · doi:10.2991/978-2-494069-83-1_105 · Cited by 4
A Platform for Collaboration: The Views of Civil Society Organisations on a Local Compact
Kolmodin, S. (2023) · Central European Journal of Public Policy · doi:10.2478/cejpp-2023-0002 · Cited by 4
Wu, Y., & Yao, R. (2025) · Island Studies Journal · doi:10.24043/001c.142953 · Cited by 6
Rustian, R., Sumartono, S., Hermawan, H., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Criminology and Sociology · doi:10.6000/1929-4409.2021.10.192 · Cited by 4
Modes of Public Governance: A Typology Toward a Conceptual Modeling
Kong, D., & Kiwoong, Y. (2018) · World Political Science · doi:10.1515/wps-2018-0007 · Cited by 4
Value Co-Creation for E-Government Services in Small Island Developing Nations: A Case Study
Lol, W. G., Petrova, K., & Pais, S. (2025) · Information · doi:10.3390/info16070613 · Cited by 4
Langholz, J., Sand, K., Raak, L. M., Berner, A., Anderson, H., Geels, B., Mckeehan, A., & Nelsen, A. (2013) · Journal of Natural Resources Policy Research · doi:10.1080/19390459.2013.771833 · Cited by 2
“Finally, Emerson, Nabatchi, and Balogh (2011) provide a comprehensive framework for understanding what they call ‘collaborative governance’.”
BackgroundInterlocal Collaboration and Local Fiscal Structure: Do State Incentives Matter?
Park, S., Maher, C. S., & Ebdon, C. (2020) · Public Budgeting & Finance · doi:10.1111/pbaf.12250 · Cited by 4
Verma, S., Purswani, E., & Khan, M. L. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-41013-0_11 · Cited by 4
Collaborative dynamics and shared motivation: exploring tobacco control policy development in Zambia
Silumbwe, A., Sebastiån, M. S., Zulu, J. M., Michelo, C., & Johansson, K. (2024) · Health Policy and Planning · doi:10.1093/heapol/czae042 · Cited by 5
“…framework for collaborative governance, consisting of three nested dimensions—the general system context, the collaborative governance regime and its dynamics and actions—to explore how collaborative dynamics influence shared motivation in the tobacco control policy process (Emerson et al ., 2012).”
InfluentialInnovación social y territorio en municipios: el caso del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito
Fernández-Jardón, C. M., & Gierhake, K. (2019) · Perfiles Latinoamericanos · doi:10.18504/pl2855-012-2020 · Cited by 4
Subatin, B., & Pramusinto, A. (2019) · Policy & Governance Review · doi:10.30589/pgr.v3i1.126 · Cited by 4
“In the next stage, we agree with Emerson et al. (2012) wherein the dialogs among stakeholders involved should be followed by trust building.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialYang, H., & Lemaire, R. H. (2022) · International Public Management Journal · doi:10.1080/10967494.2022.2067926 · Cited by 4
“…to manage disagreements while overcoming partner-fatigue; internally, organizations have to seek flexibility and support while balancing time and resources between organizational and collaborative activities (Huxham and Macdonald 1992, Provan and Kenis 2007, Emerson, Nabatchi, and Balogh 2012).”
Rivera, J. D., Quick, K. M., Herrera, E., Sung, H., & Ortiz, K. E. (2024) · Disasters · doi:10.1111/disa.12672 · Cited by 5
Improving New Zealand water governance: challenges and recommendations
Eppel, E. (2014) · Policy Quarterly · doi:10.26686/pq.v10i3.4501 · Cited by 4
Bhattarai, K. K., FitzGibbon, J., & Pant, L. P. (2023) · Regional Environmental Change · doi:10.1007/s10113-023-02157-5 · Cited by 4
“In recognition of this opportunity, collaborative governance gained popularity in the natural resources sector (Ferreyra et al. 2008; Emerson et al. 2012).”
BackgroundLangle-Flores, A., López-Vázquez, Z., Dagóstino, R. M. C., & Rodríguez, A. A. (2023) · Water · doi:10.3390/w15223975 · Cited by 4
Collaborative governance in marine and coastal management: A systematic review
Asio, M. V. S., Cvitanovic, C., Lau, J. D., & Diedrich, A. (2025) · Ocean & Coastal Management · doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108020 · Cited by 16
Harvey, J., Coulombe, C., Rankohi, S., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Managing Projects in Business · doi:10.1108/ijmpb-04-2024-0098 · Cited by 4
Transformative Equity: Promoting systemic change through a new evaluation criterion
Norins, J., Africa, M., Jason, D., Goldman, I., Moshia-Molebatsi, K., Tsekiso, S., Lukuko, T., Climate Action Network South Africa, Brey, Z., & Economics, D. (2023) · Evaluation: African perspectives. · doi:10.4102/aosis.2023.bk459.11 · Cited by 4
Collaborative Governance In The Handling of Stunting Program In East Flores District
Fernandes, D., Niga, J. D., & Klau, R. S. (2022) · Devotion Journal of Research and Community Service · doi:10.36418/dev.v3i14.317 · Cited by 8
Mishra, B., & Kumar, A. (2023) · International Journal of Emerging Markets · doi:10.1108/ijoem-01-2022-0156 · Cited by 4
Luna‐Reyes, L. F. (2013) · Redalyc (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México) · Cited by 4
Tavares, P. V., & Romão, A. L. D. S. (2021) · Brazilian Journal of Business · doi:10.34140/bjbv3n1-014 · Cited by 4
The public order and social responsibility in urban mass transit sustainable governance
Chen, H., & Zhu, T. (2020) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121053 · Cited by 4
Global pandemic governance: A multilevel concept for managing pandemic crises worldwide
Xu, J., Wei-dong, D., Pfau‐Effinger, B., & Zhang, G. (2024) · International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction · doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104829 · Cited by 4
Integrating Design Thinking Practices into the Public Sector
Cowan, J. (2012) · University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy (University of Minnesota) · Cited by 4
Toward a post-carbon society: supporting agency for collaborative climate action
Osberg, G., Işlar, M., & Christine Wamsler, B. (2024) · Ecology and Society · doi:10.5751/es-14619-290116 · Cited by 4
Pelayanan Publik Berbasis Collaborative Governance Di Pelabuhan Andi Mattalata Kabupaten Barru
Fatman, J. H., Nurlinah, N., & Syamsu, S. (2023) · KOLABORASI JURNAL ADMINISTRASI PUBLIK · doi:10.26618/kjap.v9i1.10515 · Cited by 4
Conceptual Reflections About Water, Governance, and Networks
Fischer, M., & Ingold, K. M. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-46769-2_2 · Cited by 4
Institutional stakeholder perceptions of barriers to Green IT policy in Nigeria
Okafor, A. O., & Martins, J. T. (2017) · International Journal of Technology Management and Sustainable Development · doi:10.1386/tmsd.16.1.71_1 · Cited by 4
“…assume several formats or modalities: integrated management (e.g. Born and Sonzogni 1995; Margerum and Born 2000); collaborative management (e.g. Koontz et al. 2004; Emerson et al. 2012); adaptive management (e.g. Walters 1986; Folke et al. 2005); and results-oriented management (e.g. Durant 1999).”
BackgroundC ommentary— AI and Public Policy: Navigating the Possibilities and Limitations
Sifat, R. I. (2025) · Politics & Policy · doi:10.1111/polp.70019 · Cited by 4
Kolmodin, S. (2024) · Journal of Civil Society · doi:10.1080/17448689.2024.2319357 · Cited by 4
“For example, not knowing how a problem should be solved can be overcome by collaboration in which ideas and resources are combined (Emerson et al., 2011).”
BackgroundWang, F., Song, G., & Liu, L. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17188149 · Cited by 4
Cosby, A., Lawson, A., Gudde, J., et al. (2022) · Agronomy · doi:10.3390/agronomy12020366 · Cited by 4
“In this paper, these approaches are encompassed under the broad umbrella term, ‘collaborative governance’, in which private or non-government actors are brought into the governance arena with the Government to help regulate behaviour [21,22].”
BackgroundLewenussa, R. (2023) · Advances in economics, business and management research/Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research · doi:10.2991/978-94-6463-146-3_10 · Cited by 4
Metadata
- Authors
- Emerson, K., Nabatchi, T., & Balogh, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Arizona (US)
- Syracuse University (US)
- State University of New York (US)
- Corresponding author
- Emerson, K.
- Venue
- Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2011-05-02
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-29
- ISSN
- 1053-1858 (ISSN-L)
- 1477-9803
- OpenAlex
- W2163699426
- Cited by
- 3,637
- References
- 129
- Citations by year
- 2026: 513 · 2025: 372 · 2024: 366 · 2023: 432 · 2022: 317 · 2021: 306 · 2020: 341 · 2019: 230 · 2018: 202 · 2017: 159 · 2016: 140 · 2015: 100 · 2014: 81 · 2013: 42 · 2012: 31
- FWCI
- 155.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Syracuse University
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Public Administration › Public Policy and Administration Research
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Public Administration and Political Analysis
- Social Sciences › Geography, Planning and Development › Local Governance and Planning
- Keywords
- collaborative governance, integrative framework, intergovernmental cooperation, regional cooperation, public-private partnerships, conflict resolution, institutional arrangements, multi-level governance
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