The DOI matches its Crossref record; 132 of the 132 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 1 of the 39 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance
Abstract
Collaborative governance draws from diverse realms of practice and research in public administration. This article synthesizes and extends a suite of conceptual frameworks, research findings, and practice-based knowledge into an integrative framework for collaborative governance. The framework specifies a set of nested dimensions that encompass a larger system context, a collaborative governance regime, and its internal collaborative dynamics and actions that can generate impacts and adaptations across the systems. The framework provides a broad conceptual map for situating and exploring components of cross-boundary governance systems that range from policy or programbased intergovernmental cooperation to place-based regional collaboration with nongovernmental stakeholders to public-private partnerships. The framework integrates knowledge about individual incentives and barriers to collection action, collaborative social learning and conflict resolution processes, and institutional arrangements for cross-boundary collaboration. It is presented as a general framework that might be applied to analyses at different scales, in different policy arenas, and varying levels of complexity. The article also offers 10 propositions about the dynamic interactions among components within the framework and concludes with a discussion about the implications of the framework for theory, research, evaluation, and practice.
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Claims the paper makes
65 Own interpretation · 10 No full text of the sources · 7 Not checked yet · 4 Sources not found · 2 Own result · 1 Partly supported · 1 No basis given
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The final driver, uncertainty, is a primary challenge for managing ''wicked'' societal problems (Koppenjan and Klijn 2004;Rittel and Webber 1973).”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > Drivers
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Koppenjan and Klijn 2004
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Supportedcites Rittel and Webber 1973 source
Section 1 says wicked problems cannot be definitively formulated because the information needed depends on the proposed solution. Section 4 adds that their full consequences cannot be assessed in advance. Together, these passages support uncertainty as a central challenge in addressing wicked societal problems. (LLM, conf=0.86)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Not matched
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In the paper
“Another common challenge we encountered with these frameworks is a lack of generalizability, that is, their inapplicability across different settings, sectors, geographic and temporal scales, policy arenas, and process mechanisms.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > AN INTEGRATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Proposition One: One or more of the drivers of leadership, consequential incentives, interdependence, or uncertainty are necessary for a CGR to begin.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > Drivers
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Interdependence, or when individuals and organizations are unable to accomplish something on their own, is a broadly recognized precondition for collaborative action (Gray 1989;Thomson and Perry 2006).”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > Drivers
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Gray 1989
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Thomson and Perry 2006 source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Collective uncertainty about how to manage societal problems is also related to the driver of interdependence.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > Drivers
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Uncertainty that cannot be resolved internally can drive groups to collaborate in order to reduce, diffuse, and share risk.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > Drivers
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This external system context creates opportunities and constraints and influences the general parameters within which a CGR unfolds.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > General System Context
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nevertheless, such incentives (positive or negative) must exist to induce leaders and participants to engage together.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > Drivers
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The more drivers present and recognized by participants, the more likely a CGR will be initiated.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > Drivers
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“In contrast, and consistent with Ansell and Gash (2008) and Thomson and Perry (2006), we view the stages within collaborative dynamics as cyclical or iterative interactions.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > Collaborative Dynamics
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Probably not a substantial claim. 47
- It may state two separate claims as one. 18
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In comparing these frameworks, we found expected overlap and considerable variation.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > AN INTEGRATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This system context generates opportunities and constraints and influences the dynamics of the collaboration at the outset and over time.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > AN INTEGRATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In contrast, our framework separates the contextual variables from essential drivers, without which the impetus for collaboration would not successfully unfold.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > Drivers
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Finally, it can also be applied to or used to inform participatory governance and civic engagement, although we recognize that the extent of involvement by citizens and the public in collaborative governance can vary considerably.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DEFINING COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE: SCOPE AND ORIGINS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The form and direction of the CGR is shaped initially by the drivers that emerge from the system context; however, the development of the CGR, as well as the degree to which it is effective, is influenced over time by its two components: collaborative dynamics and collaborative actions.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > Collaborative Governance Regime
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Unlike the Ansell and Gash definition, our definition does not limit collaborative governance to only formal, state-initiated arrangements, and to engagement between government and nongovernmental stakeholders.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DEFINING COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE: SCOPE AND ORIGINS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Ansell and Gash 2008 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The system context is represented in this framework, not as a set of starting conditions but as a surrounding three-dimensional space because external conditions (e.g., an election, economic downturn, extreme weather event, or newly enacted regulation) may influence the dynamics and performance of collaboration not only at the outset but at any time during the life of the CGR, thus opening up new”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > General System Context
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These drivers include leadership, consequential incentives, interdependence, and uncertainty.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > Drivers
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The three components of collaborative dynamics work together in an interactive and iterative way to produce collaborative actions or the steps taken in order to implement the shared purpose of the CGR.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > AN INTEGRATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Collaborative dynamics, represented by the innermost box with dotted lines, consist of three interactive components: principled engagement, shared motivation, and capacity for joint action.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > AN INTEGRATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Through principled engagement, people with differing content, relational, and identity goals work across their respective institutional, sectoral, or jurisdictional boundaries to solve problems, resolve conflicts, or create value (Cahn 1994;Cupach and Canary 1997;Lulofs and Cahn 2000).”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > Principled Engagement
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Cahn 1994
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Cupach and Canary 1997
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Lulofs and Cahn 2000
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“From this system context emerge drivers, including leadership, consequential incentives, interdependence, and uncertainty, which help initiate and set the direction for a CGR.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > AN INTEGRATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These dynamics and the actions they produce over time constitute a CGR.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > Collaborative Dynamics
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“our definition of collaborative governance is broader than what is commonly seen in the literature”
- Also stated in: § DEFINING COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE: SCOPE AND ORIGINS · plain
“Thus, it is broader than the definition proposed by Ansell and Gash (2008, 544)”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Ansell and Gash 2008 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
- Also stated in: § DEFINING COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE: SCOPE AND ORIGINS · plain
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Essential drivers energize or induce the convening of participants by reducing the initial formative costs of collective action and setting the collaborative dynamics in motion.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > Collaborative Dynamics
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The form and direction of the CGR is shaped initially by the drivers that emerge from the system context; however, the development of the CGR, as well as the degree to which it is effective, is influenced over time by its two components: collaborative dynamics and collaborative actions.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > Collaborative Governance Regime
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The variations stem, in part, from the different research traditions, policy arenas, and scales in which these scholars work.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > AN INTEGRATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There can also be individual uncertainty about the extent to which conventional avenues for solutions or satisfaction (sometimes referred to as the Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement in conflict management literature) can be relied on to produce the intended result.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > Drivers
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Together, collaborative dynamics and actions shape the overall quality and extent to which a CGR is developed and effective.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > AN INTEGRATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The actions of the CGR can lead to outcomes both within and external to the regime; thus, in the figure, arrows extend from the action box to demonstrate impacts (i.e., the results on the ground) and potential adaptation (the transformation of a complex situation or issue) both within the system context and the CGR itself.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > AN INTEGRATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“For example, our definition encompasses ''multipartner governance,'' which can include partnerships among the state, the private sector, civil society, and the community, as well as joined-up government and hybrid arrangements such as public-private and private-social partnerships and co-management regimes (Agrawal and Lemos 2007).”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DEFINING COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE: SCOPE AND ORIGINS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Agrawal and Lemos 2007 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For example, the drivers identified in the framework explain why collaboration might emerge but do not yet explain how specific drivers might affect the nature of the CGR differently or if and how the drivers continue to sustain the CGR as it evolves over time.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In terms of practice, the framework offers public managers and collaboration and conflict resolution practitioners a conceptual map by which to navigate the various dimensions, components, and elements of collaborative governance.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Finally, understanding that a CGR is likely, if not expected, to adapt over time further enables the development of innovative learning systems for government and reflective practice (Argyris and Schon 1974;Schon 1971).”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Argyris and Schon 1974
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Schon 1971
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regime is influenced by surrounding conditions and initiated by specific drivers, and the regime produces impacts affecting those surrounding conditions, as well as the regime itself and its collaborative dynamics.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At the most basic level, the generic nature of the framework should enable comparative analyses of CGRs across different system contexts and policy arenas.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“For example, table 1 suggests a way in which to view the integrative framework as a logic model that can be used to test intermediate outputs (actions) and end outcomes (impacts and adaptation) and become the basis for case evaluation and performance evaluation for program management (Thomas and Koontz, 2011).”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Thomas and Koontz, 2011 source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Inclusion and diversity are valued not only as normative organizing principles but also for instrumental reasons-they give voice to multiple perspectives and different interests, allowing the development of more thoughtful decisions that take a broader view of who will benefit or be harmed by an action (Beierle and Cayford 2002;Sirianni 2009).”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > Principled Engagement
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Beierle and Cayford 2002
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Sirianni 2009
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Second, the framework specifies the components of the CGR in a way that integrates a range of factors identified in research into an operational system and suggests some general and very specific causal linkages.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“First, it examines collaborative governance broadly and treats it as an emergent system, a new kind of regime for cross-boundary governance.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Through this iterative process, collaboration partners develop a shared sense of purpose and a shared theory of action for achieving that purpose.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > Principled Engagement
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In doing so, it encompasses a wider range of collaborative initiatives than other definitions and extends beyond the typical focus on the public sector and the public manager to include the myriad of collaboratives initiated in the public, private, and civic sectors.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There can be little argument that the notion of collaborative governance is attracting considerable attention as a new paradigm in public administration.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION · plain
“It is the subject of a growing number of books, articles, and monographs.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The study of collaborative governance lacks conceptual clarity and consistency, notwithstanding the term's popularity in research and claims of its widespread practical use.
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION · plain
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Proposition Two: Principled engagement is generated and sustained by the interactive processes of discovery, definition, deliberation, and determination.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION · plain
“We posit that the principled engagement is generated and sustained by these four elements”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > Principled Engagement
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION · plain
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, without at least one or some combination of the other drivers (consequential incentives, interdependence, and/or uncertainty), a CGR is unlikely to continue.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Working to articulate the targeted outcomes and coproduce a shared theory of action to affect those outcomes and the criteria by which to assess effective outcomes can enable participants to sharpen their sights and their pencils.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Moreover, collaborative governance demands and cultivates multiple opportunities and roles for leadership (Agranoff and McGuire 2003;Bryson, Crosby, and Stone 2006).”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > Capacity for Joint Action
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Agranoff and McGuire 2003
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Bryson, Crosby, and Stone 2006 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We propose that one or more of these four drivers must be present to start a CGR and that the presence of more drivers increases the likelihood that such a regime will be initiated (Proposition 1).”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The four drivers—leadership, consequential incentives, interdependence, and uncertainty—are the relevant drivers that generate energy for initiating a collaborative governance regime.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Moreover, we believe that the integrative framework can be applied usefully at different scales, in diverse policy arenas, and various levels of complexity.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The depth of the framework, from the dimensions to individual elements, lends itself to thick description in individual or comparative case studies.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Drawing attention to the elements within principled engagement, shared motivation, and the capacity for joint action can stimulate a shared perspective on needed strategic directions and on progress made to date.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Our preliminary thought on this is that leadership is an essential driver, without which collaborative regimes would not be initiated.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Moreover, although the framework encompasses many interactive components and elements, we do not mean to suggest that all are necessary all the time or at the same level of quality or to the same extent.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The set of drivers provide useful considerations for deciding whether and when to invest in a CGR.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Finally, the framework goes beyond others in distinguishing actions from impacts and tracing the potential for adaptation of the system context and the CGR itself.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“It should be noted that increasing diversity in participation may have undesired consequences as well.In some situations, more diversity can generate higher levels of conflict and erode principled engagement, whereas in other situations, less diversity can lead to different, though not necessarily inferior actions and accomplishments (Korfmacher 2000;Schlager and Blomquist 2008;Steelman and Carmin”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > Principled Engagement
What the sources say
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Third, the framework also situates the CGR in the broader context with which it interacts.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The breadth of the framework enables efforts to gather more consistent data on a range of indicators from a large set of cases to test the propositions or specific hypotheses relating to the components, their elements, and their interactions.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nevertheless, the framework itself improves upon existing frameworks for collaborative governance in several ways.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The propositions derived from the framework begin to build a general predictive theory for collaborative governance through an instrumental systems approach, as opposed to a prescriptive theory based on normative assumptions.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although several frameworks acknowledge the iterative and dynamic nature of collaboration, this framework more explicitly builds that vibrant nature into its construction.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Making the collaborative dynamics dimension explicit with participants at the outset can assist with the codesign of the most effective and appropriate CGR.”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Power can also be viewed as a resource and, like other resources, is almost always distributed unevenly across participants (Bryson, Crosby, and Stone 2006;Huxham and Vangen 2005).”
§ An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance > Capacity for Joint Action
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Bryson, Crosby, and Stone 2006 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Huxham and Vangen 2005
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The definition of collaborative governance in the public administration literature remains amorphous and its use inconsistent.
“Collaborative governance has become a common term in the public administration literature, yet its definition remains amorphous and its use inconsistent.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The variation in the scope and scale of perspectives on collaborative governance restricts researchers' ability to develop and test theory.
“Moreover, the variation in the scope and scale of perspectives on collaborative governance restricts the ability of researchers to further develop and test theory.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The four drivers—leadership, consequential incentives, interdependence, and uncertainty—are the relevant drivers that generate energy for initiating a collaborative governance regime.
“Emerging from this system context are drivers, including leadership, consequential incentives, interdependence, and uncertainty.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Shared motivation consists of four elements: mutual trust, understanding, internal legitimacy, and commitment.
“We define shared motivation as a self-reinforcing cycle consisting of four elements: mutual trust, understanding, internal legitimacy, and commitment.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Capacity for joint action consists of four necessary elements: procedural and institutional arrangements, leadership, knowledge, and resources.
“In our framework, capacity for joint action is conceptualized as the combination of four necessary elements: procedural and institutional arrangements, leadership, knowledge, and resources.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Cross-boundary engagement must generate returns for partners to justify their continued involvement to their own organizations and constituents.
“because cross-boundary engagement must generate ''returns'' for partners to justify their continued involvement to their own organizations and constituents.”
The paper relies on this without support.
If needed changes are not made, the low costs of exiting the regime will lead to low participation or departure.
“If needed changes are not made, the low costs of exiting the regime will lead to low participation or departure.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The purpose of collaboration is to generate desired outcomes together that could not be accomplished separately.
“The purpose of collaboration is to generate desired outcomes together that could not be accomplished separately.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The study of collaborative governance lacks conceptual clarity and consistency, notwithstanding the term's popularity in research and claims of its widespread practical use.
“Despite the popularity of the term in research, and claims of its wide-spread use in practice, the study of collaborative governance continues to suffer from a lack of conceptual clarity and consistency.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Indeed, institutional mechanisms need to be calibrated to facilitate appropriate and accountable collaborative governance of public, civic, and private entities connected through algorithmic decision-making (cf.Emerson, Nabatchi and Balogh 2012).”
From Legitimacy of Algorithmic Decision-Making: Six Threats and the Need for a Calibrated Institutional Response (2022) · cites this paper as Emerson, Nabatchi and Balogh 2012
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“ICT remains peripheral in foundational collaborative governance frameworks despite its potential, revealing a critical conceptual gap in understanding its role.”
From Redefining Collaborative Governance in the Digital Age: insights from an integrative systematic review on the role of ICT in collaboration (2025) · cites this paper as Emerson et al. (2012)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Mainstream collaborative governance literature places significant emphasis on face-to-face communication as the foundation of trust-building and collaboration.”
From Redefining Collaborative Governance in the Digital Age: insights from an integrative systematic review on the role of ICT in collaboration (2025) · cites this paper as Emerson et al. (2012)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In their model, ICT is a contextual influence and not part of the inner workings of collaboration.”
From Redefining Collaborative Governance in the Digital Age: insights from an integrative systematic review on the role of ICT in collaboration (2025) · cites this paper as Emerson et al. (2012)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Trust among participants is a core element of successful governance arrangement (Emerson et al., 2012).”
From Redefining Collaborative Governance in the Digital Age: insights from an integrative systematic review on the role of ICT in collaboration (2025) · cites this paper as Emerson et al., 2012
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Sustainability and Governance Regimes in Hydropower Territories: Multiple-Case Study in Colombia
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“It corresponds to Principled Engagement, a kind of collective negotiation under institutional arrangements (Emerson et al., 2012).”
InfluentialLocal Collaborative Governance: Could It Bypass Outdated Legal Structures?
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“…has been directed toward the increasing importance of collaborative governance across the public-private divide and among parts of the public sector as well as toward the importance for public managers to be able to facilitate such cooperation (Emerson et al. 2012; Dickinson & Sullivan 2014).”
Comfort, L. K., & Chang, S. (2025) · Risk Analysis · doi:10.1111/risa.70015 · Cited by 3
“…example, transportation, health care, land use planning, education, and environmental protection—from different sectors—public, private, and nonprofit—in resolving conflicts among them in the public interest (Ansell & Gash, 2008; Emerson et al., 2012; Ansell & Gash, 2018; Moore et al., 2018).”
Bijon, N., Wassenaar, T., Vinches, M., et al. (2023) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.139029 · Cited by 3
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“It is, in general, assumed that increased participation and collaboration will lead to increased legitimacy, effectiveness, and sustainability (Emerson et al., 2012).”
BackgroundThe relative effects of diversity on collective learning in local collaborative networks in Belgium
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Street Level Divergence in the Functioning of Social Welfare Networks
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“Emerson, Nabatchi, and Balogh (2012) call this principled engagement, which is the beginning of the throughput processes.”
BackgroundÁlvarez-Gómez, H. A., Escobar-Sierra, M., & Polanco, J. (2024) · Cuadernos de Desarrollo Rural · doi:10.11144/javeriana.cdr21.eipp · Cited by 3
Kandpal, R., & Saizen, I. (2019) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su11061680 · Cited by 3
“Literature exists that shows that in the case of complex problems with a weak institutional setup, governance in the form of collaborative social networks helps in overcoming operational challenges, and is beneficial in the implementation of new policies for social, economic, and environmental betterment [23,24].”
BackgroundCollaborative Governance in Minimizing the Covid-19 Pandemic in North Aceh Regency
Arinanda, A., Aiyub, A., & Aisyah, T. (2022) · International Journal of Public Administration Studies · doi:10.29103/ijpas.v2i1.8681 · Cited by 3
The Emergence of Relationality in Governance of Climate Change Adaptation
Sebastian, I., & Jacobs, B. C. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-42462-6_20 · Cited by 3
COLLABORATIVE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION PEMERINTAH DAERAH DI INDONESIA
Maulana, R. Y. (2022) · Jurnal Noken Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial · doi:10.33506/jn.v7i2.1784 · Cited by 3
SDGs in Global South Cities for Building Resilience to Climate Change
Kumar, S., & Sharifi, A. (2022) · Implementing the UN sustainable development goals - regional perspectives · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-91262-8_11-1 · Cited by 3
Wahal, A., Mendenhall, E., & Giordano, M. (2024) · Journal of Rural Studies · doi:10.1016/j.jrurstud.2024.103398 · Cited by 3
Qoyimah, D., Wardana, M. R., Susi, N., et al. (2023) · Jurnal Politica Dinamika Masalah Politik Dalam Negeri dan Hubungan Internasional · doi:10.22212/jp.v13i2.3317 · Cited by 3
Formal and informal governance networks: Diabetes care in Australia and India
Ugyel, L. (2019) · Australian Journal of Public Administration · doi:10.1111/1467-8500.12372 · Cited by 3
We Need to Talk About Knowledge! Rethinking Management and Evidence-Based Practice in Welfare
Pistone, I., Andersson, T., & Sager, M. (2023) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Administration · doi:10.58235/sjpa.v27i3.14164 · Cited by 3
Strategies and tools for just collaborative planning of nature-based solutions
Lierop, M. V., & Fakirova, E. (2022) · ISOCARP World Planning Congress · doi:10.47472/bfdvvsx5 · Cited by 3
Rouzbehani, K. R. (2016) · Asia Pacific Journal of Public Administration · doi:10.1080/23276665.2016.1253958 · Cited by 3
Global Technology Trends: Regional Economy In Search Of New Growth Model
Туменова, С. А. (2021) · The European Proceedings of Social & Behavioural Sciences · doi:10.15405/epsbs.2021.05.346 · Cited by 3
Tong, X., Yu, D., Gao, S., et al. (2025) · Food Reviews International · doi:10.1080/87559129.2025.2469592 · Cited by 3
“[13,14] That is to say, cross-border cooperative governance is a kind of interoperability and sharing of information, resources and capabilities among organizations that cross the boundaries between government levels, public and private sectors, and citizens, in order to solve the problems that one…”
Qian, Z. (2023) · Urban Policy and Research · doi:10.1080/08111146.2023.2276448 · Cited by 3
“…structure that seems to cross the boundaries of public, private, and civic spheres, but in practice, the actual institution constrains the active citizen participation and power negotiation strongly advocated by proponents of collaborative governance in western society (Emerson et al .”
BackgroundThe Collaboration in Socializing Policies of Covid-19 Pandemic
Satispi, E., Andriyani, L., Gunanto, D., et al. (2021) · Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi Publik · doi:10.26858/jiap.v11i1.21453 · Cited by 3
“Second, the structure incorporates a range of elements of collective governance – from system context and external drivers through collaborative dynamics to behavior, impacts and adaptation (Kirk Emerson et al., 2012).”
BackgroundHammerschmid, G., Breaugh, J., & Rackwitz, M. (2024) · Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks · doi:10.4337/9781803923895.00011 · Cited by 6
Planning amid uncertainty : Adaptiveness for spatial interventions in delta areas
Zandvoort, M. (2017) · doi:10.18174/425822 · Cited by 2
Widodo, Deliarnoor, N. A., Sumadinata, W. S., et al. (2024) · Cogent Social Sciences · doi:10.1080/23311886.2024.2354975 · Cited by 3
“…shared vision and mission, intentions, ideology, or direction, as well as alignment of core values, clear and common goals (ansell & Gash, 2007; emerson et al., 2012). the synergy between tNi, the environment and hygiene service, the health office, pJt ii, the industry, and the community…”
Sahab, S., Haqbeen, J. A., & Itō, T. (2023) · IIAI Letters on Informatics and Interdisciplinary Research · doi:10.52731/liir.v004.180 · Cited by 3
Stoeva, S. (2025) · Journal of Agriculture Food Systems and Community Development · doi:10.5304/jafscd.2025.151.014 · Cited by 3
The dynamics of collaborative governance: a life cycle perspective
Moussa, E. F., Gómez, I. P., & Campos, J. A. (2026) · International Journal of Public Sector Management · doi:10.1108/ijpsm-01-2025-0037 · Cited by 3
KOLABORASI DALAM SOSIALISASI PROGRAM GENERASI BERENCANA PADA PELAKSANAAN PENDEWASAAN UMUR PERNIKAHAN
Wijayanti, Z., Kismartini, K., & Sunu, R. (2022) · Jurnal Litbang Sukowati Media Penelitian dan Pengembangan · doi:10.32630/sukowati.v5i2.280 · Cited by 3
Good Data Governance als Hebel der Transformation im öffentlichen Sektor
Höhn, S., Zurkinden, M., Neuroni, A. C., et al. (2021) · Edition innovative Verwaltung · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-33586-1_11 · Cited by 3
Jiang, L., & Ma, T. (2025) · Water · doi:10.3390/w17213032 · Cited by 3
Designing an Effective Governance Model for Data Collaboratives
Bartolomucci, F., & Leoni, F. (2024) · Research-Technology Management · doi:10.1080/08956308.2024.2351331 · Cited by 3
“…work practice (trust building, communication) including data processes (data collection, sharing, and analysis) (Bryson, Crosby, and Stone 2015; Emerson, Nabatchi, and Balogh 2012; Ruijer 2021); 5) Collaborative Structures, which refers to the formal agreements regulating the data…”
BackgroundInfluentialTracing the Path of Knowledge on “Environmental Governance Processes” for Theory‐Building
Wood, L., Vantaggiato, F. P., & Scott, T. A. (2025) · Environmental Policy and Governance · doi:10.1002/eet.2151 · Cited by 3
Hassine, A. B., Farhati, K., & Haouala, A. (2020) · Annales des Mines - Gérer et comprendre · doi:10.3917/geco1.141.0013 · Cited by 3
“En effet, gouverner revient de nos jours à produire des réseaux de collaboration (Ansell et Gash, 2008 ; Bryson et al., 2006 ; Emerson, Nabatchi et Balogh, 2012), de délibération et de production pour résoudre les problèmes complexes, à faciliter l’apprentissage, réduire les conflits et créer des…”
BackgroundWhen rivals collaborate: the effect of resource constraints on intergovernmental collaboration
Ren, H. (2025) · Journal of Chinese Governance · doi:10.1080/23812346.2025.2550480 · Cited by 4
Strategic Partnerships to Leverage Small Wins for Fine Fuels Management
Arispe, S. A., Johnson, D. D., Wollstein, K. L., Hulet, A., Jensen, K. S., Schultz, B., Sprinkle, J. E., McDaniel, M. F., Ryan, T., Mackenzie, M., et al. (2023) · Rangeland Ecology & Management · doi:10.1016/j.rama.2023.01.012 · Cited by 3
Muller, S. H. A., Mostert, M., van Delden, J. J. M., Schillemans, T., & van Thiel, G. J. M. W. (2022) · Big Data & Society · doi:10.1177/20539517221136078 · Cited by 3
Ter-Mkrtchyan, A. V., & Franklin, A. L. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su152014945 · Cited by 3
Would adopting more co-governance arrangements with communities build public trust? A scoping study
Smyth, C., & Bates, S. M. (2023) · Research insights · doi:10.54810/zllk8645 · Cited by 3
Mourits, K., Spitters, H., van der Velden, K., Bekker, M., & Molleman, G. R. M. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1406178 · Cited by 3
“Different theories such as Sectoral Collaboration (Bryson) (33), Intersectoral Action (Mondal) (34), Collaborative Governance model (Ansell and Gash) (35) and Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance (Emmerson) (36), have been viewed.”
BackgroundBizzo, E., & Michener, G. (2023) · Public Management Review · doi:10.1080/14719037.2023.2230231 · Cited by 3
“‘Leadership’ simply refers to an ‘identified leader who is in a position to initiate and help secure resources and support’ (Emerson, Nabatchi, and Balogh 2012, 9).”
InfluentialUnderstanding the mining-local governance nexus – a Ghanaian case study
Guo, J. N.-M. (2019) · Journal of Environmental Planning and Management · doi:10.1080/09640568.2018.1503160 · Cited by 3
Iskandar, D. A. (2021) · Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat · doi:10.22146/jpkm.46412 · Cited by 3
Exploring the Drivers and Catalysts of Intra-agency Collaboration in the Local Service Delivery
Hsieh, J. Y., & Liou, K. T. (2020) · Chinese Public Administration Review · doi:10.22140/cpar.v11i2.280 · Cited by 3
“Previous studies have explained collaborative characteristics by identifying important components or factors to sustain the collaboration (Emerson, Nabatchi, and Balogh, 2012).”
BackgroundCollaborative Strategy in Corruption Prevention and Enforcement in Indonesia
Asdiansyah, A. R., Ibrahim, M. A., & Ahmad, B. (2023) · KnE Social Sciences · doi:10.18502/kss.v8i17.14179 · Cited by 3
“[10] argued that collaborative actions must have drivers to facilitate cooperation between parties.”
BackgroundGrøn, A. B., & Jacobsen, C. B. (2024) · Public Management Review · doi:10.1080/14719037.2024.2402343 · Cited by 3
“…and Stone 2015; McGuire 2006) including a focus on metagovernance (Torfing 2022), horizontal governance, and leadership (Backhaus and Vogel 2022; Heather and Morse 2013; Vogel and Masal 2015) aimed at improving collective efforts (Ansell and Gash 2008, 2012; Emerson, Nabatchi, and Balogh 2012).”
Zhang, Z., Bivona, E., Qi, J., & Yan, H. (2020) · System dynamics for performance management · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-42970-6_15 · Cited by 3
Li, Y. (2024) · Frontiers in Built Environment · doi:10.3389/fbuil.2023.1284139 · Cited by 3
“…of improving the effectiveness of community public space governance, cooperative governance forms have emerged that enable people to constructively participate in policy formulation and management across public, private and citizen groups in order to achieve public goals (Emerson et al., 2012).”
Kurube, E. H., Zauhar, S., Saleh, C., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology · doi:10.15379/ijmst.v10i5.2470 · Cited by 3
“Meanwhile, (Kirk Emerson, 2018) and (K Emerson et al., 2011) argue that involvement in collaborative governance is not only limited to government and non-government stakeholders, but also community-based private and public sectors built synergically in terms of cooperation between the government,…”
Governing the nexus: Lessons from water governance in the United States
Brown, A. R., Gerlak, A. K., Smith, G., Zúñiga-Terán, A. A., & Gilson, G. G. (2025) · Environmental Science & Policy · doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104214 · Cited by 3
Collaborative Governance in Tourism Development (Study in Karangsalam Banyumas Tourism Village)
Herlambang, A. R., Subarsono, A., & Herwiyanti, E. (2023) · Journal of Economics Finance and Management Studies · doi:10.47191/jefms/v6-i10-03 · Cited by 2
“Emerson et al (2012) said that knowledge is one of the important things in collaboration.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSurjadi, S., Herwati, A. R., & Warsono, H. (2022) · Journal of Madani Society · doi:10.56225/jmsc.v1i3.138 · Cited by 2
Institutionalizing Interactive Political Leadership
Sørensen, E. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198777953.003.0010 · Cited by 2
Catalyzing digital transformation through Smart Cities initiatives in Indonesian local government
Maulana, R. Y., Marjamat, U., Subekti, D., et al. (2025) · Smart Cities and Regional Development (SCRD) Journal · doi:10.25019/59kh3t06 · Cited by 2
Song, Z., & Zhang, S. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17209084 · Cited by 2
Design matters:Tensions between democratic quality and productive collaboration
Kristjansen, E. T. (2020) · RUCforsk (Roskilde University) · Cited by 2
Ratzmann, N., Hüncke, A. S., & Plessing, J. (2021) · Journal of Dialogue Studies Volume 10 · doi:10.55207/vsra4602 · Cited by 2
Chen-Florea, A. L. Q., Sørensen, E., Noor, M. S. M., Vrbensky, R., & Chin, Y. A. (2026) · Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions · doi:10.1016/j.eist.2026.101148 · Cited by 3
How Joint Governance is Possible: Political Factors in COVID-19 Prevention and Control of Beijing
Xu, Y., Zeng, Y., Shang, J., & He, Z. (2022) · Public Organization Review · doi:10.1007/s11115-022-00686-x · Cited by 2
“…is the theory of polycentric governance which believes that multi-subject participation, decentralization of authority and equality of status are keys to promote the efficiency of cooperation among multiple organizations (Ansell & Gash, 2008; Emerson et al., 2012; Posthuma & Rossi, 2017).”
Huda, N., Madya, F., & Priyanto, A. D. (2023) · Jurnal Ilmiah Mandala Education · doi:10.58258/jime.v9i1.4382 · Cited by 2
Bavinck, M., & Pellegrini, L. (2014) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b16498-2 · Cited by 2
Renewable energy, social disruption and formalising the social licence to operate in South Africa
Mabele, B., Marais, L., Balta‐Ozkan, N., et al. (2023) · Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management · doi:10.1002/csr.2572 · Cited by 2
Nyikadzino, T., & Vyas-Doorgapersad, S. (2024) · International Journal of Business Ecosystem and Strategy (2687-2293) · doi:10.36096/ijbes.v6i4.625 · Cited by 2
“Collaborations and partnerships require specific competencies in public managers, including flexibility, negotiation, and communication skills (Emerson, Nabatchi & Balogh, 2012; Lahat & Sher-Hadar, 2020).”
InfluentialAbbas, S. S., Kakkar, M., Bloom, G., et al. (2025) · Health Policy and Planning · doi:10.1093/heapol/czaf064 · Cited by 2
“MSPs with actors having complementary strengths and a positive history of working together are more likely to sustain (Tennyson 2004, Emerson et al. 2012).”
Integrating Formal and Informal Institutions: Towards a Healthy Community in the PacificPreprint
Ugyel, L. (2018) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3216239 · Cited by 2
“This process of policy making through active and cohesive discussions among policy makers is connected by a broad range of networks that connect the state to the civil society, private sector and the communities (Bevir et al. 2003; Bogason and Musso 2005; Emerson et al. 2011; Kim et al. 2005).”
BackgroundBasabih, M., Prasojo, E., & Rahayu, A. Y. S. (2025) · Global Transitions · doi:10.1016/j.glt.2025.01.001 · Cited by 2
University Social Responsibility
Stratu-Strelet, D., López-Hernández, A. K., Guerola-Navarro, V., et al. (2020) · Advances in business strategy and competitive advantage book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-4833-2.ch012 · Cited by 2
Bah, I. (2025) · Natural Resources · doi:10.4236/nr.2025.163005 · Cited by 2
Octaviani, V. (2022) · JIPAGS (Journal of Indonesian Public Administration and Governance Studies) · doi:10.31506/jipags.v6i2.13974 · Cited by 2
REVISITING THE DERADICALIZATION IN INDONESIA: A PROPOSAL FOR BETTER IMPLEMENTATION
Riyanta, S., Rahayu, A. Y. S., & Mamoto, B. J. (2021) · Journal of Terrorism Studies · doi:10.7454/jts.v3i1.1033 · Cited by 2
The Handbook of Israel's Political System
Galnoor, I., & Blander, D. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316160978 · Cited by 2
Røsok, O. P., de Bruijne, M. L. C., & Veeneman, W. W. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su15043750 · Cited by 3
Darmi, T., Mujtahid, I. M., & Ledyawati, L. (2021) · Publik (Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi) · doi:10.31314/pjia.10.1.18-27.2021 · Cited by 2
Collaborative Governance in Flood Management in Sumedang Regency
Ilhami, R., & Achmad, W. (2023) · Journal of Governance · doi:10.31506/jog.v8i3.21057 · Cited by 2
Myers, R., Sanders, A. J. P., Larson, A. M., et al. (2016) · Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) eBooks · doi:10.17528/cifor/006277 · Cited by 2
Ansell, C., Sørensen, E., & Torfing, J. (2026) · Governance · doi:10.1111/gove.70115 · Cited by 2
Aditama, A. Y., & Hendarman, H. (2023) · KnE Social Sciences · doi:10.18502/kss.v8i11.13543 · Cited by 2
“However, the implementation of collaborative governance has many challenges, including taking a lot of time, the uncertainty of results, and potential disputes due to lack of commitment or manipulation by stakeholders [14].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialWestberg, L., Bergeå, H. L., & Hallgren, L. (2024) · Journal of Environmental Planning and Management · doi:10.1080/09640568.2024.2326121 · Cited by 6
“…to be vital for achieving inclusiveness and learning, maintaining transparency, building trust and ensuring the process is perceived as legitimate (e.g. Ansell and Gash 2008; D (cid:1) ı ez, Etxano, and Garmendia 2015; Emerson, Nabatchi, and Balogh 2011; Jager et al. 2020; Muro and Jeffrey 2008).”
BackgroundSocial media dynamics in agro-food governance : Hypes, emotions and master terms
Stevens, T. M. (2020) · doi:10.18174/514608 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Emerson, K., Nabatchi, T., & Balogh, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Arizona (US)
- Syracuse University (US)
- State University of New York (US)
- Corresponding author
- Emerson, K.
- Venue
- Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2011-05-02
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-29
- ISSN
- 1053-1858 (ISSN-L)
- 1477-9803
- OpenAlex
- W2163699426
- Cited by
- 3,637
- References
- 129
- Citations by year
- 2026: 513 · 2025: 372 · 2024: 366 · 2023: 432 · 2022: 317 · 2021: 306 · 2020: 341 · 2019: 230 · 2018: 202 · 2017: 159 · 2016: 140 · 2015: 100 · 2014: 81 · 2013: 42 · 2012: 31
- FWCI
- 155.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Syracuse University
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Public Administration › Public Policy and Administration Research
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Public Administration and Political Analysis
- Social Sciences › Geography, Planning and Development › Local Governance and Planning
- Keywords
- collaborative governance, integrative framework, intergovernmental cooperation, regional cooperation, public-private partnerships, conflict resolution, institutional arrangements, multi-level governance
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